{ "name": "AI GridWatch data center project tracker", "generated": "2026-08-17", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "attribution": "AI GridWatch (https://aigridwatch.com)", "source_page": "https://aigridwatch.com/projects", "count": 131, "verified_count": 131, "caveat": "A working set of identified proposals a community can track, not a census — most of the country's activity is not in here yet.\n\n**Each row carries its own provenance.** Rows showing a verification date link to reporting or the governing body's own record and were read on that date; rows marked *unverified* have no source on record — a lead to check, not a fact to cite.\n\n**Stage is derived, not asserted.** *Hearing scheduled*, *Awaiting decision*, *Approved* and *Withdrawn* are computed from each row's milestone dates on every rebuild, so a hearing date that has passed stops reading 'scheduled'. Hearings get moved and projects re-file under new names — treat a scheduled date as the earliest to act by, and confirm with the clerk before relying on it. Leads are mined into data/project_candidates.json and promoted here only after a human reads a primary source.", "schema": { "id": "Stable slug, unique per project.", "name": "Project or code name.", "operator": "Operator/developer, or blank if unknown.", "owner": "Owner/financier, or blank.", "tenant": "Named end tenant, or blank.", "filing_llc": "Shell LLC on the filing (ties to the campus registry), or blank.", "locality": "Town or county the project sits in.", "state": "Two-letter state abbreviation.", "lat": "Approximate locality latitude, or blank.", "lon": "Approximate locality longitude, or blank.", "size_mw": "Planned IT/critical load in MW, or blank.", "acres": "Site acreage, or blank.", "announced": "ISO date first publicly proposed, or blank.", "rezoning_filed": "ISO date the rezoning/permit application was filed, or blank.", "hearing_date": "ISO date of the next/decisive public hearing, or blank.", "decided_date": "ISO date a terminal decision was reached, or blank.", "outcome": "approved | denied | withdrawn | blank (blank = still live).", "stage": "DERIVED status shown on the page (Hearing scheduled, Awaiting decision, In review, Proposed, Rumored, Approved, Denied, Withdrawn).", "days_to_hearing": "DERIVED days until the hearing (negative once past), or blank.", "note": "One-line plain-language status.", "source": "Primary URL backing the current status.", "as_of": "ISO date the source was read, or blank.", "verified": "true if a source is on record." }, "projects": [ { "id": "pw-digital-gateway-va", "name": "PW Digital Gateway", "operator": "Compass Datacenters / QTS", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Prince William County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.72, "lon": -77.55, "size_mw": "", "acres": 2100, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-04-01", "outcome": "withdrawn", "stage": "Withdrawn", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Approved in 2023 (4-3-1) but the rezoning was judicially voided over defective hearing notice; county and developer dropped their appeals in 2026, ending the project as approved.", "source": "https://northernvirginiamag.com/news/2026/07/08/prince-william-county-votes-against-massive-data-center-plan/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2022-11-02", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Prince William Board of Supervisors voted 5-2 to approve the comprehensive plan amendment (CPA2021-00004) changing roughly 2,100 acres of the rural crescent to technology/flex zoning, after a 14-hour meeting that began the evening of November 1.", "source": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2022/11/02/supervisors-approve-prince-william-digital-gateway-comp-plan-amendment/" }, { "date": "2023-03-15", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Prince William County Historical Commission voted to recommend designating Pageland Farm (9-3) and Rock Hill Farm (9-4) as county registered historic sites within the proposed Digital Gateway corridor, citing Civil War-era significance including Second Manassas battlefield positions.", "source": "https://www.princewilliamtimes.com/news/prince-william-county-historical-commission-moves-to-protect-historic-sites-near-the-pw-digital-gateway/article_b96bfd74-c36a-11ed-963a-7b12753bb78a.html" }, { "date": "2023-11-09", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Prince William Planning Commission recommended denial of all three rezoning applications (Compass 6-2, both QTS applications 6-2) after a nearly 24-hour public hearing that concluded November 9.", "source": "https://wtop.com/prince-william-county/2023/11/prince-william-planning-commission-recommends-denial-of-pw-digital-gateway-data-center-project/" }, { "date": "2023-12-13", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Prince William Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning 4-3-1 after a ~27-hour public hearing - roughly 2,100 acres / 23M sq ft along Pageland Lane, billed as the world's largest data center corridor.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/33016383/rezoning-for-pw-digital-gateway-data-centers-approved-by-virginias-prince-william-county-supervisors" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Prince William Circuit Court Judge Kimberly Irving declared the December 2023 rezonings void ab initio, ruling the county's advertised hearing notice did not comply with Virginia Code or county ordinance, with defects caused solely by the county.", "source": "https://wtop.com/prince-william-county/2025/08/judge-voids-digital-gateway-rezoning-in-prince-william-county/" }, { "date": "2025-09-11", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Board of Supervisors voted 4-2 to approve spending additional taxpayer funds to appeal the circuit court ruling voiding the Digital Gateway rezonings.", "source": "https://protectpwc.org/2025/09/11/13121/" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Virginia Court of Appeals ordered that Compass and QTS are barred from land disturbance or construction on the Digital Gateway site pending resolution of the appeal.", "source": "https://wtop.com/prince-william-county/2025/11/digital-gateway-data-center-builders-barred-from-beginning-construction-until-legal-challenge-plays-out/" }, { "date": "2026-03-01", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Virginia's Court of Appeals upheld a lower-court ruling voiding the rezoning over defective public-hearing notice (March 2026).", "source": "https://northernvirginiamag.com/news/2026/07/08/prince-william-county-votes-against-massive-data-center-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "County dropped its legal appeals (~$1.7M spent defending the project) and the developer withdrew, terminating the approved Digital Gateway (April 2026).", "source": "https://northernvirginiamag.com/news/2026/07/08/prince-william-county-votes-against-massive-data-center-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to abandon its legal defense of the Digital Gateway; the county had spent roughly $1.7 million in taxpayer funds defending the project as of March 31.", "source": "https://www.princewilliamtimes.com/localnews/breaking-prince-william-county-drops-legal-fight-for-pw-digital-gateway/article_e7152a10-cbf9-4a7a-80ef-55fa9e13770b.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "kind": "filing", "summary": "QTS filed a last-minute petition for appeal to the Virginia Supreme Court hours before the 11:59 p.m. deadline, becoming the sole remaining party seeking to revive the project after Compass Datacenters dropped its appeal on April 28.", "source": "https://virginiabusiness.com/prince-william-digital-gateway-data-center-project-officially-dies/" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "QTS affiliate GW Acquisition Co. withdrew its Virginia Supreme Court petition, officially ending the Digital Gateway project; QTS stated it decided 'after careful consideration' to terminate and proceed with a responsible wind-down.", "source": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/07/03/qts-withdraws-supreme-court-appeal-ending-proposed-digital-gateway-data-center-project/" } ] }, { "id": "plaza-500-lincolnia-va", "name": "Plaza 500 (Lincolnia)", "operator": "Starwood Capital Group", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Lincolnia (Fairfax County)", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.81, "lon": -77.15, "size_mw": "", "acres": 34, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "2026-07-16", "hearing_date": "2026-09-24", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 38, "note": "By-right data center on the 34-acre 6299 Edsall Road site; the required substation faces a Fairfax County Planning Commission Public Facilities (2232) review on Sept 24, 2026 amid organized opposition.", "source": "https://www.ffxnow.com/2026/08/04/pressure-grows-on-fairfax-county-to-deny-substation-for-data-center-in-lincolnia/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2022-01-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "An affiliate of Starwood Capital Group purchased the 34-acre Plaza 500 property at 6299 Edsall Road for $165 million in 2022.", "source": "https://commercialobserver.com/2026/07/starwood-data-center-virginia/" }, { "date": "2024-07-26", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Dominion Energy filed its application with Virginia's State Corporation Commission for the Edsall transmission line connecting the future substation to the Van Dorn substation.", "source": "https://www.dominionenergy.com/about/delivering-energy/electric-projects/power-line-projects/edsall" }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "In September 2024 the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors adopted new data center zoning restrictions, though the Plaza 500 site plan was exempt from them due to prior acceptance.", "source": "https://annandaletoday.com/board-to-consider-restrictions-for-substations/" }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The Virginia SCC scheduled a local public hearing in Fairfax County on Dominion Energy's application (Case PUR-2024-00135) to build 230 kV transmission Lines #210 and #243 Extension and the Edsall Substation serving the Plaza 500 data center.", "source": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/about-the-scc/newsreleases/release/fairfax-hearing-on-proposed-dev-trans-line/local-hearing-scheduled-in-fairfax-on-proposed-dev-trans-line.html" }, { "date": "2024-12-02", "kind": "public-comment", "summary": "Annandale Today reported that HOAs for Bren Pointe, Jefferson Green, Overlook, and the Ridges of Edsall hired an attorney to oppose Dominion's proposed Edsall substation and transmission line at the upcoming SCC hearings.", "source": "https://annandaletoday.com/community-urged-to-oppose-huge-power-lines-for-a-data-center/" }, { "date": "2024-12-05", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Virginia SCC held a local public hearing at North Springfield Elementary School (7-10 p.m.) to receive testimony on Dominion Energy's proposed Edsall substation and transmission line (Case PUR-2024-00135).", "source": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/about-the-scc/newsreleases/release/fairfax-hearing-on-proposed-dev-trans-line/local-hearing-scheduled-in-fairfax-on-proposed-dev-trans-line.html" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Virginia State Corporation Commission issued its Final Order approving Dominion Energy's Edsall-to-Van Dorn transmission line project.", "source": "https://www.dominionenergy.com/about/delivering-energy/electric-projects/power-line-projects/edsall" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "In October 2025 the Fairfax County Planning Commission approved recommendations for new substation zoning rules including a 200-foot residential setback (up from 100 feet) and a special-exception process for substations adjacent to homes.", "source": "https://annandaletoday.com/board-to-consider-restrictions-for-substations/" }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors held a public hearing and vote on new substation zoning restrictions — expanded 200-foot setbacks, special-exception reviews, and co-location requirements — that could affect the Edsall substation's compliance.", "source": "https://annandaletoday.com/board-to-consider-restrictions-for-substations/" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Starwood Capital filed permit applications and building plans for Plaza 500 South, the first of two data center buildings on the 34-acre 6299 Edsall Road site (by-right, no rezoning hearing required).", "source": "https://www.ffxnow.com/2026/08/04/pressure-grows-on-fairfax-county-to-deny-substation-for-data-center-in-lincolnia/" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Northern Virginia Magazine reported that Starwood Capital filed permit applications for two data centers at Plaza 500, with the first phase a 226,469-sq-ft, 75-foot-tall building and estimated shell construction cost of $5 million.", "source": "https://northernvirginiamag.com/news/2026/07/22/developer-files-plans-for-2-data-centers-near-alexandria/" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Commercial Observer reported that Starwood Capital advanced its 226,469-square-foot Plaza 500 South data center in Fairfax County, noting the 34-acre site was acquired for $165 million in 2022.", "source": "https://commercialobserver.com/2026/07/starwood-data-center-virginia/" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "ALXnow reported that Alexandria officials and residents are pushing back against Starwood Capital Group's planned Plaza 500 data center at 6299 Edsall Road near the city line.", "source": "https://www.alxnow.com/2026/07/27/alexandria-officials-and-residents-push-back-against-planned-fairfax-county-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "protest", "summary": "About 100 residents attended the Mason District Land Use Committee meeting on July 28 where Dominion Energy presented the proposed Edsall Road substation, and community members spoke out against it.", "source": "https://annandaletoday.com/community-members-speak-out-against-a-substation-at-plaza-500/" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "NBC Washington reported that about 100 residents attended an information session where they grilled Dominion Energy over the proposed Edsall Road substation, raising concerns about noise, water quality, and electricity rates.", "source": "https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/residents-grill-dominion-energy-over-fairfax-county-data-center-proposal/4135715/" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "news", "summary": "Rep. Don Beyer sent an official letter dated July 30 to the Fairfax County Planning Commission requesting denial of the 2232 permit application for Dominion's proposed Edsall Road substation.", "source": "https://m.connectionnewspapers.com/news/2026/aug/04/beyer-urges-denial-of-edsall-data-center-substation/" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Dominion Energy presented its substation plans to the Mason District Land Use Committee at 7:30 p.m. at the Mason District Governmental Center; opposition noted the Van Dorn substation alternative would cost Dominion roughly $50 million more.", "source": "https://patch.com/virginia/oldtownalexandria/plaza-500-data-center-foes-urge-residents-attend-tuesday-night-substation" }, { "date": "2026-07-31", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Virginia SCC issued a final order directing Dominion Energy to develop a policy assigning high-voltage transmission and substation costs to data centers and large-load users rather than spreading them across all ratepayers.", "source": "https://annandaletoday.com/data-centers-must-pay-for-transmission-infrastructure/" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "news", "summary": "In a letter dated Aug. 3, Alexandria Mayor Alyia Gaskins wrote on behalf of the City Council to ask the Fairfax County Planning Commission to deny the Edsall Data Center Substation 2232 application.", "source": "https://www.alexandriabrief.com/alexandria-city-council-asks-fairfax-county-to-deny-data-center-substation-at-the-citys-edge/" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "news", "summary": "Rep. Don Beyer, Alexandria's mayor and city council, and residents pressed Fairfax County to deny the substation that would power the campus - proposed within ~100 ft of homes.", "source": "https://www.ffxnow.com/2026/08/04/pressure-grows-on-fairfax-county-to-deny-substation-for-data-center-in-lincolnia/" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "ALXnow reported that Mayor Alyia Gaskins and the full Alexandria City Council submitted a letter to Fairfax County's Planning Commission requesting denial of the Edsall substation, citing incompatibility of heavy industrial use with residential areas and health risks from diesel generator emissions.", "source": "https://www.alxnow.com/2026/08/05/mayor-alexandria-city-council-ask-fairfax-county-to-reject-substation-tied-to-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Alexandria Brief reported that Mason District Supervisor Andres Jimenez asked the Planning Commission to deny the Edsall substation, noting the proposed site is only 67 feet from homes — violating the county's 100-foot setback standard adopted in 2025.", "source": "https://www.alexandriabrief.com/mason-district-supervisor-asks-fairfax-planners-to-deny-edsall-road-substation/" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "kind": "news", "summary": "Mason District Supervisor Andres Jimenez called on the Fairfax County Planning Commission to reject the proposed Edsall Road substation serving the Plaza 500 data center.", "source": "https://www.ffxnow.com/2026/08/07/mason-district-supervisor-asks-planning-commission-to-reject-data-center-substation/" }, { "date": "2026-09-22", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Mason District Land Use Committee is scheduled to decide whether to recommend the Edsall Road substation to the Planning Commission at 7:30 p.m. on Sept. 22.", "source": "https://www.alxnow.com/2026/07/27/alexandria-officials-and-residents-push-back-against-planned-fairfax-county-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-09-24", "kind": "meeting", "summary": "Fairfax County Planning Commission Public Facilities (2232) review of the Edsall Road substation, 7 p.m. - the decisive vote residents can weigh in on.", "source": "https://www.ffxnow.com/2026/08/04/pressure-grows-on-fairfax-county-to-deny-substation-for-data-center-in-lincolnia/" } ] }, { "id": "project-iron-spur-rural-hall-nc", "name": "Project Iron Spur", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Project Iron Spur", "locality": "Rural Hall (Forsyth County)", "state": "NC", "lat": 36.24, "lon": -80.29, "size_mw": "", "acres": 129, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-07-30", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Awaiting decision", "days_to_hearing": -18, "note": "~129-acre hyperscale campus proposed across from Rural Hall town hall; Forsyth County Planning Board recommended denial. Commissioners held the public hearing July 30, 2026 - decision pending.", "source": "https://www.wfdd.org/politics-government/2026-07-28/proposed-rural-hall-data-center-up-for-public-hearing-thursday", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-03-17", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Charlotte-based developer Drox Group LLC presented its proposed hyperscale data center on roughly 129 acres in Rural Hall at a March community meeting, where residents raised concerns about noise, pollution, and energy and water demands.", "source": "https://www.yesweekly.com/news/triad-debates-data-centers/article_08ed8fde-3b33-4506-9d4e-db02fa6b6b7c.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-13", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Rural Hall Town Council unanimously passed a resolution in April opposing the rezoning needed for the Drox Group data center.", "source": "https://www.yesweekly.com/news/triad-debates-data-centers/article_08ed8fde-3b33-4506-9d4e-db02fa6b6b7c.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-11", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Forsyth County (City-County) Planning Board voted on Thursday, June 11 to recommend denying Drox Group's rezoning request for the $3 billion, 129-acre project, with staff citing potential significant offsite impacts to nearby residents.", "source": "https://www.wfdd.org/politics-government/2026-06-11/planning-board-recommends-denying-rezoning-for-proposed-rural-hall-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Rural Hall Town Council voted to withdraw its opposition and back the project after Mayor Terry Bennett said the developer made a written promise that, if the county approved rezoning, the town could annex the site and collect tax revenue; the resolution carries no legal weight in the county process.", "source": "https://www.whqr.org/2026-06-23/rural-hall-drops-opposition-to-proposed-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "news", "summary": "Forsyth County Planning Board recommended denial, citing scale and intensity that 'could result in significant offsite impacts to nearby residents.' Rural Hall town officials reversed their opposition after a tax-revenue annexation offer.", "source": "https://www.wfdd.org/politics-government/2026-07-28/proposed-rural-hall-data-center-up-for-public-hearing-thursday" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "meeting", "summary": "County commissioners held the public hearing on the rezoning after months of resident opposition; a final decision was pending as of this record.", "source": "https://www.wfdd.org/politics-government/2026-07-28/proposed-rural-hall-data-center-up-for-public-hearing-thursday" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Forsyth County Board of Commissioners voted 5-2 to deny the rezoning request for Project Iron Spur, with only Don Martin and Gloria Whisenhunt voting in support, following six months of review, over 400 emails, and dozens of public speakers.", "source": "https://www.wfdd.org/politics-government/2026-07-30/forsyth-commission-votes-down-rural-hall-data-center-proposal" } ] }, { "id": "meta-hyperion-richland-parish-la", "name": "Meta Hyperion", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta / Blue Owl", "tenant": "Meta", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Richland Parish", "state": "LA", "lat": 32.42, "lon": -91.76, "size_mw": 5000, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-01-01", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Approved and under construction - a ~5 GW, ~$27B campus. Louisiana approved new Entergy natural-gas generation to serve it; ratepayer cost allocation is the live fight, not the siting.", "source": "https://www.nola.com/news/business/meta-louisiana-ai-data-center-richland-parish/article_d1308014-c718-4c34-a75f-476a151ef1a7.html", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-12-04", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Gov. Jeff Landry and Meta announced on December 4, 2024 that Meta will build a $10 billion AI data center on a 2,250-acre site in Richland Parish, described as Meta's largest data center, with construction continuing through 2030.", "source": "https://gov.louisiana.gov/news/4697" }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Louisiana Public Service Commission approved Entergy Louisiana's application on August 20, 2025 to construct three new gas plants and related transmission to power Meta's Richland Parish data center, despite opposition.", "source": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/consumer-groups-alarmed-as-louisiana-psc-declines-to-take-up-probe-into-meta-risky-financing-deal" }, { "date": "2025-10-16", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Heavy construction equipment was documented at the Meta data center site in Holly Ridge, Louisiana on October 16, 2025.", "source": "https://www.wwno.org/politics/2026-08-12/louisiana-psc-kills-ruling-that-would-force-meta-to-turn-over-key-data-center-information" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Entergy Louisiana broke ground on December 1, 2025 on a pair of gas power plants at the Franklin Farms Power Station in Richland Parish to serve Meta's data center, with the complex expected operational in late 2028.", "source": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/entergy-breaks-ground-power-facility-224359619.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "report", "summary": "In December 2025 the PSC adopted a regulatory framework aligned with Gov. Landry's 'Lightning Speed Initiative' to expedite approvals for large industrial projects; tensions between commissioners surfaced at the meeting.", "source": "https://www.wwno.org/politics/2026-08-12/louisiana-psc-kills-ruling-that-would-force-meta-to-turn-over-key-data-center-information" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "kind": "news", "summary": "Campus scaled to ~5 GW and ~$27B (up from an announced $10B); Entergy's plan for ten new gas units to serve it advanced through the Louisiana PSC (early 2026).", "source": "https://www.nola.com/news/business/meta-louisiana-ai-data-center-richland-parish/article_d1308014-c718-4c34-a75f-476a151ef1a7.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Earthjustice filed a motion on January 14, 2026 requesting that the PSC investigate the Meta-Blue Owl financing deal's impact on ratepayer protections.", "source": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/consumer-groups-alarmed-as-louisiana-psc-declines-to-take-up-probe-into-meta-risky-financing-deal" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "kind": "denial", "summary": "The Louisiana PSC declined on February 25, 2026 to investigate Meta's financing arrangement with Blue Owl Capital, alarming consumer and environmental groups.", "source": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/consumer-groups-alarmed-as-louisiana-psc-declines-to-take-up-probe-into-meta-risky-financing-deal" }, { "date": "2026-04-15", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Louisiana PSC voted on April 15, 2026 to adopt a fast-track schedule for Entergy Louisiana's application to build seven additional gas plants for the Hyperion project, with a final decision scheduled for December 2026.", "source": "https://www.ucs.org/about/news/louisiana-regulators-fast-track-7-gas-plant-proposal-meta-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta announced in late July 2026 that it is expanding its Hyperion data center in Richland Parish to 5 gigawatts of compute capacity at a total cost of more than $50 billion, more than double the previous $27 billion budget.", "source": "https://finance.yahoo.com/technology/articles/meta-expands-louisiana-hyperion-data-121522809.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Louisiana PSC voted 3-1 on August 12, 2026 to reject an administrative law judge's recommendation, allowing Meta to avoid complying with subpoenas and keep Richland Parish data center details confidential.", "source": "https://www.wwno.org/politics/2026-08-12/louisiana-psc-kills-ruling-that-would-force-meta-to-turn-over-key-data-center-information" } ] }, { "id": "burkhalter-road-statesboro-ga", "name": "Burkhalter Road data center (4AM Development)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "4AM Development, LLC", "locality": "Statesboro (Bulloch County)", "state": "GA", "lat": 32.45, "lon": -81.78, "size_mw": "", "acres": 26.5, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-18", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 1, "note": "Two-story 230,000 sq ft data center plus a 32,000 sq ft substation on ~26.5 acres at 6539 Burkhalter Road (R-4 residential to Office & Business rezoning). Planning Commission recommended approval 5-1; City Council decides Aug 18, 2026. Bulloch County, separately, has been extending data-center moratoriums.", "source": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/08/04/statesboro-planning-commission-backs-proposed-data-center-rezoning-5-1-vote/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-12-15", "kind": "filing", "summary": "4AM Development LLC, the applicant on the Burkhalter Road rezoning, was registered with the State of Georgia on December 15, 2023, with a principal office in Appling, Georgia and authorizing member Bobby Bagwell.", "source": "https://www.statesboroherald.com/local/developers-seek-to-build-data-center-on-burkhalter-rd-inside-statesboros-edge/" }, { "date": "2024-01-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "In January 2024, Four Guys Development LLC obtained city annexation of the roughly 26.94-acre Burkhalter Road parcel, then proposing a 'cottage court' subdivision of about 87 homes (later rezoned R-4).", "source": "https://www.statesboroherald.com/local/developers-seek-to-build-data-center-on-burkhalter-rd-inside-statesboros-edge/" }, { "date": "2025-01-10", "kind": "filing", "summary": "On January 10, 2025, Habersham Development Group purchased the Burkhalter Road property for approximately $2.75 million.", "source": "https://www.statesboroherald.com/local/developers-seek-to-build-data-center-on-burkhalter-rd-inside-statesboros-edge/" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "kind": "filing", "summary": "On August 29, 2025, 4AM Development LLC acquired the roughly 27-acre Burkhalter Road parcel from Habersham Development Group in a zero-dollar transfer.", "source": "https://www.statesboroherald.com/local/developers-seek-to-build-data-center-on-burkhalter-rd-inside-statesboros-edge/" }, { "date": "2026-02-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "A February 2026 intergovernmental agreement between Statesboro and Bulloch County established the jointly funded Burkhalter Road / Highway 67 corridor improvement project.", "source": "https://www.statesboroherald.com/local/statesboro-and-bulloch-select-design-firm-for-jointly-funded-burkhalter-rd-upgrades/" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "kind": "vote", "summary": "On February 17, 2026, the Bulloch County Board of Commissioners approved a resolution imposing a 90-day moratorium on the permitting of data centers in unincorporated Bulloch County.", "source": "https://www.thegeorgiavirtue.com/bulloch-local-government/bulloch-commissioners-voice-opposition-to-data-centers-vote-to-extend-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-05-01", "kind": "report", "summary": "An economic impact study commissioned by the Development Authority of Bulloch County, dated May 2026, forecast the Burkhalter Road data center would draw $1.2 billion in total investment over 10 years while creating only 12 jobs with a $1.2 million annual payroll.", "source": "https://www.statesboroherald.com/local/burkhalter-data-center-forecast-by-dabc-ordered-study-to-bring-12b-investment/" }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "kind": "vote", "summary": "On May 5, 2026, the Bulloch County Board of Commissioners voted 5-0 to extend its data center moratorium through December 31, 2026, and voiced opposition to data centers in the unincorporated county.", "source": "https://www.thegeorgiavirtue.com/bulloch-local-government/bulloch-commissioners-voice-opposition-to-data-centers-vote-to-extend-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "kind": "vote", "summary": "On June 2, 2026, Statesboro City Council approved its Data Center Ordinance on second reading in a 3-1 vote, with Councilwoman Shari Barr opposing.", "source": "https://www.thegeorgiavirtue.com/bulloch-local-government/statesboro-council-approves-data-center-ordinance-in-3-1-vote/" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Statesboro Planning Commission voted 5-1 to recommend approval of 4AM Development LLC's rezoning of ~26.5 acres at 6539 Burkhalter Road (chair dissenting), with a condition dedicating a 10-ft frontage strip for future road work.", "source": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/08/04/statesboro-planning-commission-backs-proposed-data-center-rezoning-5-1-vote/" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "vote", "summary": "On August 4, 2026, Statesboro City Council (morning meeting) and the Bulloch County Board of Commissioners (evening meeting) each authorized negotiations with Kimley-Horn & Associates to design jointly funded Burkhalter Road corridor upgrades.", "source": "https://www.statesboroherald.com/local/statesboro-and-bulloch-select-design-firm-for-jointly-funded-burkhalter-rd-upgrades/" }, { "date": "2026-08-08", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Dozens of Bulloch County residents gathered outside Statesboro City Hall on Saturday, August 8, 2026, carrying signs and chanting to oppose the proposed Burkhalter Road data center rezoning, citing noise, air pollution, water usage and wildlife concerns.", "source": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/08/08/statesboro-residents-protest-proposed-data-center-rezoning/" }, { "date": "2026-08-18", "kind": "meeting", "summary": "Statesboro City Council scheduled to consider the rezoning request - the decisive vote.", "source": "https://www.statesboroherald.com/local/statesboro-city-planning-board-recommends-zoning-change-for-burkhalter-rd-data-center/" } ] }, { "id": "erwin-street-tyler-tx", "name": "West Erwin Street data center (Barrio Resources)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Barrio Resources LLC", "locality": "Tyler (Smith County)", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.35, "lon": -95.3, "size_mw": "", "acres": 1.92, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-07-07", "outcome": "denied", "stage": "Denied", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Special use permit for a bitcoin-mining data center on ~1.92 acres near downtown (W. Erwin St & N. Ross Ave) denied 5-2 by the Planning & Zoning Commission - staff found it inconsistent with the Future Land Use Map and comprehensive plan, after resident opposition over water, noise, and proximity to homes. Applicant may appeal.", "source": "https://tylerpaper.com/2026/07/08/tyler-planning-and-zoning-commission-denies-special-use-permit-for-proposed-data-center/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-08-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Barrio Energy announced acquisition of a 12 MW data center property west of downtown Tyler, its fifth Texas site within ERCOT; president Ivan Pinney called Tyler 'an ideal location.'", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/barrio-energy-announces-acquisition-of-12mw-data-center-in-tyler-tx-302227756.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "A community meeting was announced for the proposed data center at 1101-1105 W. Erwin Street; the Planning & Zoning public hearing was set for July 7 at 1:30 p.m.", "source": "https://www.kltv.com/2026/06/15/community-meeting-set-planned-tyler-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Vulcan Core and Barrio held a community input meeting on W. Erwin Street; developer Mark Buntsev claimed no negative effects on homes, projected $550,000/year in electricity taxes and 7-10 jobs; residents questioned water use, noise, and site selection.", "source": "https://www.kltv.com/2026/06/16/tyler-residents-gather-learn-about-proposed-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-06-17", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Tyler Morning Telegraph reported project specs: eight 40-ft containers (four computing, four cooling), 12 MW capacity, MicroBT mining equipment, closed-loop cooling with no municipal water use, and an independent acoustic study claiming 35 dB at the nearest house vs. 45 dB ambient.", "source": "https://tylerpaper.com/2026/06/17/data-center-developer-addresses-concerns-about-proposed-bitcoin-mining-facility-planned-for-downtown-tyler/" }, { "date": "2026-06-19", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Tyler mayor-elect Stuart Hene, who won the runoff with 57% of the vote, said the data center proposal on West Erwin Street would face 'an uphill battle' after attending the developer's community meeting.", "source": "https://www.kltv.com/2026/06/20/east-texas-politics-tylers-next-mayor-his-defeated-opponent-reflect-election-weigh-data-center-debate/" }, { "date": "2026-07-07", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Tyler P&Z denied the special use permit 5-2. Planning staff: 'inconsistent with the Future Land Use Map and the Tyler Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan.' Residents cited water use, noise, and proximity to surrounding homes.", "source": "https://www.kltv.com/2026/07/07/tyler-planning-commission-denies-permit-proposed-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Tyler Morning Telegraph detailed the 3.5-hour hearing: 26 residents spoke against the project and 5 in favor (including 2 Vulcan Core representatives); planning director Kyle Kingma found the proposal inconsistent with the Future Land Use Map and comprehensive plan; Chairman David Hudson noted the applicant may appeal to City Council.", "source": "https://tylerpaper.com/2026/07/08/tyler-planning-and-zoning-commission-denies-special-use-permit-for-proposed-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-07-18", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Cooldown reported on the denial, quoting resident Hannah Morris: 'We were told that it's a close-knit system, but water doesn't magically appear'; noted residents anticipate the developer will appeal.", "source": "https://www.thecooldown.com/green-tech/tyler-texas-commissioners-reject-bitcoin-mine/" } ] }, { "id": "aligned-pataskala-oh", "name": "Aligned Data Centers - Pataskala industrial park", "operator": "Aligned Data Centers", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Pataskala (Licking County)", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.99, "lon": -82.67, "size_mw": 200, "acres": 89, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-25", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 8, "note": "200 MW campus in three buildings on ~89 acres at Broad St SW & Mink St SW. Planning & Zoning recommended rejection 5-2 after protests filled City Hall; City Council decides Aug 25, 2026 (5:30 p.m.). Council has separately advanced a ballot measure that could ban large data centers.", "source": "https://www.thereportingproject.org/pataskala-planning-board-says-city-council-should-reject-aligned-data-centers-proposal/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-01-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Aligned Data Centers purchased three parcels totaling about 89.4 acres at 6770 Mink St. in Pataskala for $13.9 million (year reported as 2023).", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/aligned-pataskala" }, { "date": "2025-11-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Aligned filed its site plan application with the City of Pataskala to begin the review process for the three-building data center campus (reported as November 2025).", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/aligned-pataskala" }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Pataskala Planning and Zoning Commission held a public hearing on the Aligned Data Centers proposal, one of several commission hearings prior to the June 3 recommendation vote.", "source": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6TlTY6-tuo" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Residents packed a standing-room-only Planning and Zoning Commission meeting in Pataskala, voicing skepticism about the proposed data center and calling for a pause before any approval; resident Grace Franklin said she would support a statewide ballot amendment and help collect signatures.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/pataskala-residents-remain-skeptical-proposed-032924279.html" }, { "date": "2026-05-04", "kind": "public-comment", "summary": "Pataskala City Council's development committee reported that Planning and Zoning had offered feedback to inform criteria the council may use for future data center developer plans.", "source": "https://citizenportal.ai/articles/7900483/ohio/licking-county/pataskala-city/ohio/licking-county/pataskala-city/Ohio/Licking-County/Pataskala-City/Development-committee-to-lift-local-marijuana-moratorium-data-center-planning-discussed" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Pataskala Planning & Zoning Commission voted 5-2 to recommend that City Council reject Aligned's site plan, hours after residents rallied on the City Hall lawn.", "source": "https://www.thereportingproject.org/pataskala-planning-board-says-city-council-should-reject-aligned-data-centers-proposal/" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Ohio Free Press reported that residents at the June 3 zoning meeting raised concerns the campus would use Bloom Energy fuel cells requiring roughly 15,000 decatherms of natural gas and cited noise from a comparable Aligned facility in Sandusky, Ohio.", "source": "https://freepress.org/article/pataskala-ohio-zoning-votes-down-data-center-application" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Pataskala organizers reported a petition drive underway to put a charter amendment banning data centers with peak load over 25 megawatts on the ballot, needing at least 310 valid signatures (goal 500) and planning to submit them the week of July 6.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/sunbury-pataskala-residents-seek-fall-184602788.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Columbus Dispatch reported that Pataskala planning and zoning staff had recommended approval of Aligned's 200-megawatt plan, but the planning and zoning commission voted 5-2 to recommend rejection, sending the decision to City Council's Aug. 25 hearing.", "source": "https://www.aol.com/articles/pataskala-allow-data-center-industrial-180844000.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Pataskala City Council passed an ordinance placing a charter amendment that could ban large data centers on the November ballot, expediting the vote to meet the Aug. 5 filing deadline for the Nov. 3 ballot.", "source": "https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/pataskala-council-advances-ballot-measure-that-could-ban-large-data-centers" }, { "date": "2026-08-25", "kind": "meeting", "summary": "Pataskala City Council public hearing on the site plan, 5:30 p.m., council chambers - the decisive vote.", "source": "https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/pataskala-residents-rally-at-city-hall-to-fight-aligned-data-center-seek-petition-drive-ohio" } ] }, { "id": "king-of-prussia-mlp-pa", "name": "King of Prussia campus (MLP Ventures)", "operator": "MLP Ventures (Brian O'Neill)", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Upper Merion Township (Montgomery County)", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.09, "lon": -75.38, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "2026-05-28", "rezoning_filed": "2026-03-01", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "In review", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Five-site, 4.6M sq ft campus across King of Prussia. Applications were filed in early March 2026, roughly ten days before Upper Merion's new data-center ordinance took effect - exempting them from its residential buffer, noise, and water-use rules. The township Planning Commission voted against three of the proposals in July 2026; review continues amid packed hearings and organized opposition.", "source": "https://6abc.com/post/proposed-king-prussia-data-center-campus-faces-renewed-scrutiny-review-continues/19560357/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-03-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Applications filed in early March 2026, ~10 days before Upper Merion's new data-center ordinance took effect - grandfathering the projects out of its residential buffer, noise, and water-use requirements.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/business/technology/data-center-proposal-kop-upper-merion-township-20260528.html" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "kind": "news", "summary": "The 4.6M sq ft, five-site plan by MLP Ventures was publicly unveiled; neighbor pushback began immediately.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/business/technology/data-center-proposal-kop-upper-merion-township-20260528.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "In July 2026 the Upper Merion Planning Commission voted against three of the data-center proposals; hundreds of residents packed hearings in opposition. Township review continues.", "source": "https://whyy.org/articles/upper-merion-data-centers-meeting-planning-commission-residents/" } ] }, { "id": "aws-calvert-technology-center-md", "name": "AWS Calvert Technology Center", "operator": "Amazon (AWS)", "owner": "Constellation Energy Group (parcels)", "tenant": "Amazon (AWS)", "filing_llc": "Amazon Data Services Inc.", "locality": "Lusby (Calvert County)", "state": "MD", "lat": 38.42, "lon": -76.45, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "2026-05-04", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-08-04", "outcome": "withdrawn", "stage": "Withdrawn", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Eight data center buildings (266,000-332,000 sq ft each) proposed at 1650 Calvert Cliffs Parkway on Constellation-owned parcels near the Calvert Cliffs nuclear plant. AWS formally withdrew the concept site plan on Aug 4, 2026 - after first-round county review comments and before any resubmission. Timeline documented on the county's own project page.", "source": "https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/4059/Amazon-Web-Services", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-05-04", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Amazon Data Services Inc. submitted initial site plan documents; the application was formally accepted for processing May 27, 2026.", "source": "https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/4059/Amazon-Web-Services" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "kind": "filing", "summary": "County agencies completed first-round review of the concept site plan and returned comments to AWS.", "source": "https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/4059/Amazon-Web-Services" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "filing", "summary": "AWS formally withdrew the Calvert Technology Center concept site plan application, per the county's project page, without resubmitting a revised plan.", "source": "https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/4059/Amazon-Web-Services" } ] }, { "id": "xai-colossus-memphis-tn", "name": "xAI Colossus", "operator": "xAI", "owner": "", "tenant": "xAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Memphis (Shelby County)", "state": "TN", "lat": 35.06, "lon": -90.15, "size_mw": 2000, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Operating and expanding (~$20B, ~2 GW ambition). The live fight is air quality: on-site gas turbines in southwest Memphis - an area already failing federal ozone standards - drew a Clean Air Act suit. Environmental groups' tracking put unpermitted turbines at 27 in Feb 2026, growing to 59 by mid-2026 across the Colossus complex (incl. Colossus 2 in Southaven, MS).", "source": "https://earthjustice.org/case/xai-illegal-gas-power-plant-data-center-colossus", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-12-04", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "At the Greater Memphis Chamber's Annual Chairman's Luncheon, xAI announced an expansion of its Colossus supercomputer to a minimum of one million GPUs, described as the largest capital investment in the region's history.", "source": "https://memphischamber.com/economic-development/xai/" }, { "date": "2025-06-17", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The Southern Environmental Law Center, on behalf of the NAACP, filed a 60-day notice of intent to sue xAI over at least 35 unpermitted combustion turbines at the Colossus data center near Memphis.", "source": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/amp/nation/naacp-files-intent-to-sue-elon-musks-xai-company-over-memphis-supercomputer-air-pollution" }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "In July 2025, after SELC threatened a citizen suit, the Shelby County Health Department issued an air permit covering 15 of the 30+ turbines then operating unpermitted at the Memphis site.", "source": "https://www.selc.org/news/xai-built-an-illegal-power-plant-to-power-its-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "After a seven-hour hearing at the University of Memphis attended by hundreds, the Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board dismissed the appeal of xAI's air permit on grounds of mootness.", "source": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2025/12/16/shelby-co-air-pollution-control-board-denies-appeal-over-xais-turbine-use-citing-mootness/" }, { "date": "2026-01-08", "kind": "financing", "summary": "xAI announced a more than $20 billion investment in a Southaven, Mississippi data center (MACROHARDRR) that would bring its computing power to nearly 2 gigawatts; the Mississippi Development Authority approved xAI for its Data Center Incentive program.", "source": "https://mississippi.org/news/tech-leader-xai-investing-more-than-20-billion-in-southaven/" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Earthjustice and the Southern Environmental Law Center, on behalf of the national NAACP and its Mississippi State Conference, sent a 60-day notice of intent to sue xAI over 27 unpermitted gas turbines in Southaven powering the Colossus 2 data center.", "source": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/naacp-threatens-lawsuit-over-xais-unpermitted-gas-turbines-in-mississippi" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "kind": "permit", "summary": "xAI filed a permit for a $659.3 million, 75-foot, four-story building of roughly 312,000 square feet on a parcel adjacent to its Colossus 2 site on Tulane Road, reported March 3, 2026.", "source": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/03/03/xai-files-permit-659m-expansion-colossus-2-site/" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The Mississippi Environmental Quality Permit Board unanimously approved a PSD construction permit allowing xAI affiliate MZX Tech to install 41 permanent methane gas turbines at its Southaven plant powering the Memphis data center operations.", "source": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/mississippi-permit-board-grants-xais-request-for-41-southaven-gas-turbines-to-power-memphis-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "NAACP, represented by Earthjustice and SELC, filed a Clean Air Act suit against xAI and MZX Tech (N.D. Miss.) over unpermitted gas turbines serving the Colossus complex.", "source": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/xai-sued-for-illegal-power-plant" }, { "date": "2026-05-06", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The NAACP asked the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi for a preliminary injunction to halt xAI's gas turbines at its Southaven facility while the Clean Air Act lawsuit proceeds, as reported May 6, 2026.", "source": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/05/06/naacp-requests-court-ordered-halt-xais-use-turbines-southaven-while-lawsuit-continues/" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The U.S. Department of Justice moved to intervene in the NAACP's Clean Air Act suit and urged the court to dismiss it, arguing that shutting off xAI's Southaven turbines would harm national, economic and energy security because the Grok AI model supports Department of War military operations, including recent strikes involving Iran.", "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/06/16/doj-claims-xais-unpermitted-gas-turbines-are-a-matter-of-national-economic-and-energy-security/" } ] }, { "id": "nordson-campus-amherst-oh", "name": "Nordson campus data center (Cervenka)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Cervenka Development Partners LLC", "locality": "Amherst (Lorain County)", "state": "OH", "lat": 41.4, "lon": -82.22, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-07-30", "outcome": "denied", "stage": "Denied", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Use variance to convert three newer buildings on the longtime Nordson Corporation campus into a data center complex - denied by the Board of Zoning Appeals on July 30, 2026, less than 24 hours after a hearing where 100+ residents packed City Hall and spilled onto the lawn. The developer's remaining path is an appeal in Lorain County Common Pleas Court.", "source": "https://chroniclet.com/news/472013/amherst-board-of-zoning-appeals-denies-proposed-data-center-variance-for-former-nordson-property/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Nordson campus buildings at 100-300 Nordson Drive listed for sale (the property had been on the market since April, per the developer's hearing testimony), after Nordson relocated manufacturing to South Carolina.", "source": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/toledo/news/2026/07/30/developer-appeals-for-new-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Cervenka Development Partners LLC filed a use variance application with the Amherst Board of Zoning Appeals for 100, 200, and 300 Nordson Drive, proposing to convert approximately 240,000 sq ft of former Nordson industrial space into a 45 MW data center.", "source": "https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/a-developer-wants-to-turn-three-lorain-county-industrial-buildings-into-a-data-center-campus" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Over 100 Amherst residents packed City Hall for the BZA hearing on the data center variance; fire-code capacity limits restricted entry to 60 people while others listened from the lawn on their phones; attorney Gerald Phillips argued the application was defective because Cervenka lacks ownership or documented authorization from Nordson.", "source": "https://www.cleveland19.com/2026/07/30/capacity-limits-push-amherst-residents-outside-zoning-board-hears-data-center-proposal/" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Amherst Board of Zoning Appeals denied the use variance, releasing its decision less than 24 hours after a packed hearing (100+ residents, capacity limits pushed the crowd outside).", "source": "https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/amherst-zoning-board-rejects-variance-for-data-center-project-on-longtime-nordson-campus" } ] }, { "id": "hexa-monroe-township-nj", "name": "Hexa Builders data center (Black Horse Pike)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Hexa Builders LLC", "locality": "Monroe Township (Gloucester County)", "state": "NJ", "lat": 39.68, "lon": -74.99, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "2026-04-01", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "In review", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Previously-approved warehouse project at 3043 South Black Horse Pike amended in early April 2026 to include a 1,000,000 sq ft data center. Two weeks later the township council stripped data-center permissions from the site and banned data centers township-wide; the planning board then deemed the amended application incomplete. Hexa is now suing the township for $300M+. Not dead - the litigation decides it.", "source": "https://wjrz.com/2026/07/30/hexa-files-300m-lawsuit-against-monroe-township-over-data-center-prohibition/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2019-09-23", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Monroe Township Council adopted Resolution R:221-2019, declaring the Commercial Corridor Rehabilitation Area along Black Horse Pike (Block 8401, Lots 8, 9, and 10, approximately 158 acres) an area in need of redevelopment.", "source": "https://pinelandsalliance.org/datacenters/" }, { "date": "2023-02-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Monroe Township adopted Ordinance O:04-2023, approving the Hexa Builders Redevelopment Plan (revised November 15, 2022) permitting warehouse, storage, and distribution uses on the 158-acre site; data centers were not included as a permitted use.", "source": "https://www.nj.gov/pinelands/home/hearings/MO%20Ord.%20O-04-2023_adopted.pdf" }, { "date": "2023-03-16", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The New Jersey Pinelands Commission published a public notice and scheduled a hearing on Monroe Township Ordinance O:04-2023 to determine whether the Hexa Builders Redevelopment Plan conformed with the Pinelands Comprehensive Management Plan.", "source": "https://www.nj.gov/pinelands/home/hearings/Monroe%20Public%20Notice.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-03-12", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Monroe Township Council adopted Ordinance O:02-2025, amending the Hexa Builders Redevelopment Plan to add data centers and associated infrastructure (electrical systems, cooling equipment, network infrastructure, emissions control) as a permitted use.", "source": "https://pinelandsalliance.org/datacenters/" }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Residents within 200 feet of the Hexa Builders redevelopment site received certified mail notice of a January 8, 2026 planning board meeting regarding a 1.6-million-square-foot warehouse proposal at 3043 South Black Horse Pike.", "source": "https://pinelandsalliance.org/datacenters/" }, { "date": "2026-01-08", "kind": "meeting", "summary": "At a January 8 Monroe Planning Board meeting, residents objected to the data center proposal, but the board approved Hexa's project that evening.", "source": "https://jerseyvindicator.org/2026/08/01/developer-challenges-gloucester-county-data-center-ban-on-free-speech-grounds" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "kind": "vote", "summary": "On January 28 the Monroe Township Council directed the planning board to develop stricter data center standards, citing resident opposition.", "source": "https://jerseyvindicator.org/2026/08/01/developer-challenges-gloucester-county-data-center-ban-on-free-speech-grounds" }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "On February 2 the Monroe Planning Board memorialized its approval of Hexa's project in a written resolution.", "source": "https://jerseyvindicator.org/2026/08/01/developer-challenges-gloucester-county-data-center-ban-on-free-speech-grounds" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "kind": "meeting", "summary": "More than 100 residents packed a Monroe Township Council meeting lasting five hours; environmental groups including CRAN, Sustain South Jersey, Pinelands Alliance, and Food and Water Watch attended and raised concerns about the data center's water, energy, and noise impacts.", "source": "https://followsouthjersey.com/2026/04/23/data-center-in-monroe-twp-shuttered-before-development-starts/" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Mayor Gregory Wolfe announced in a Facebook video that a data center would not be coming to Monroe Township and that the council would remove data centers as a permitted use from the Hexa Redevelopment Plan at the March 25 meeting.", "source": "https://pinelandsalliance.org/data-center-victories-local-actions-drive-regional-change/" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "kind": "vote", "summary": "At a March 25 council meeting, Monroe Township leaders heard resident concerns and approved a motion to change the ordinance so data centers could not be built in the community.", "source": "https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/data-center-hexa-builders-monroe-township-gloucester-township-new-jersey/4374688/" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Council introduced Ordinance O:20-2026 to eliminate data center use from the Hexa Builders Redevelopment Plan; all council members except John Valentine voted to introduce it, with Valentine wanting a broader ban and better public notification instead.", "source": "https://southjersey.media/williamstown-news/council-introduces-ordinance-banning-data-center-usage-from-redevelopment-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Hexa Builders filed an amended application in early April 2026 converting one approved warehouse into a 1M sq ft data center at 3043 South Black Horse Pike.", "source": "https://42freeway.com/news/one-million-square-foot-data-center-proposal-in-monroe-twp-still-active-application-completeness-review-may-12/" }, { "date": "2026-04-08", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Monroe Township council and ordinance committee voted to introduce a separate township-wide data center ban ordinance, with a final adoption vote scheduled for April 22.", "source": "https://southjersey.media/williamstown-news/monroe-township-council-takes-first-steps-in-banning-data-centers-completely/" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Township council passed two ordinances: one stripping data-center permissions from the specific site, the other banning data centers township-wide.", "source": "https://njrecorder.com/monroe-township-blocks-major-ai-data-center-proposal-after-new-ban-takes-effect/" }, { "date": "2026-05-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "CBS Philadelphia reported on the ban, quoting Mayor Wolfe stating that Monroe Township has now banned any data center use from ever coming to the township.", "source": "https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/monroe-gloucester-new-jersey-data-center-ban-law/" }, { "date": "2026-05-12", "kind": "meeting", "summary": "Planning board unanimously deemed the amended site-plan application incomplete - blocking the project without rejecting it on the merits.", "source": "https://42freeway.com/news/one-million-square-foot-data-center-proposal-in-monroe-twp-still-active-application-completeness-review-may-12/" }, { "date": "2026-05-12", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "At the completeness review, township planner Christopher Dochney cited multiple application deficiencies including a missing environmental assessment, no Pinelands Certificate of Filing, unsigned plans, absent stormwater maintenance schedule, and incomplete electrical infrastructure documentation covering 3+ acres.", "source": "https://woodburywarbler.com/hexa-builders-sues-monroe-township-over-data-center-ban-seeks-more-than-300-million-in-damages/" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Monroe Township's data center ban officially took effect on May 13.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/south-jersey/monroe-new-jersey-data-center-ban-lawsuit-20260717.html" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "kind": "public-comment", "summary": "A coalition of 60 environmental, labor, and community organizations sent a letter to Governor Sherrill urging her to use emergency powers to impose a statewide moratorium on data centers consuming 20+ megawatts; Monroe Township resident Aleasha Whipple was quoted as a local organizer.", "source": "https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/2026/05/14/60-groups-to-gov-sherrill-protect-new-jersey-from-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-05-22", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "On May 22 Hexa presented its still-pending application, including the data center component, at a packed special planning board meeting attended by opposed residents.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/south-jersey/monroe-new-jersey-data-center-ban-lawsuit-20260717.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-05", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "On June 5 Hexa Builders filed a 104-page, 20-count lawsuit in New Jersey Superior Court alleging First and 14th Amendment and state-law violations and seeking $300 million after Monroe denied its application.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/south-jersey/monroe-new-jersey-data-center-ban-lawsuit-20260717.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-06", "kind": "filing", "summary": "On July 6 the case was moved from New Jersey Superior Court to federal court in Camden; the Superior Court case closed.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/south-jersey/monroe-new-jersey-data-center-ban-lawsuit-20260717.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-09", "kind": "meeting", "summary": "At a July 9 planning board session, resident John Romano questioned how Hexa's application advanced and raised concerns about potential noise and pollution impacts on his property.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/south-jersey/monroe-new-jersey-data-center-ban-lawsuit-20260717.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A case management conference was held in the Hexa Builders LLC and 3043 Williamstown Urban Renewal LLC v. Monroe Township case (Docket No. GLO-L-805-26).", "source": "https://woodburywarbler.com/hexa-builders-sues-monroe-township-over-data-center-ban-seeks-more-than-300-million-in-damages/" }, { "date": "2026-07-17", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Township Solicitor Sandra Graise stated the municipality is committed to vigorously and zealously defending the lawsuit while protecting residents' interests.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/south-jersey/monroe-new-jersey-data-center-ban-lawsuit-20260717.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "filing", "summary": "On July 28 Monroe attorney Todd Gelfand filed a four-page letter seeking dismissal, arguing the ban does not regulate the content of speech, a speaker, a message, or the plaintiffs' ability to engage in expressive activity.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/south-jersey/monroe-township-data-center-lawsuit-ban-collingswood-20260805.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Hexa Builders sued Monroe Township for more than $300 million in damages over the ban and the completeness review.", "source": "https://wjrz.com/2026/07/30/hexa-files-300m-lawsuit-against-monroe-township-over-data-center-prohibition/" }, { "date": "2026-08-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "On August 1 Hexa's attorney Jim Maley asked the federal judge to reject Monroe Township's request to dismiss the lawsuit.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/south-jersey/monroe-township-data-center-lawsuit-ban-collingswood-20260805.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Hexa attorney Jim Maley filed a letter requesting remand of the non-constitutional state-law claims back to New Jersey Superior Court, arguing state courts have more expertise on local land use laws.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/south-jersey/monroe-township-data-center-lawsuit-ban-collingswood-20260805.html" } ] }, { "id": "project-taurus-colorado-springs-co", "name": "Project Taurus (Raeden)", "operator": "Raeden", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Colorado Springs (El Paso County)", "state": "CO", "lat": 38.9, "lon": -104.85, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "2026-06-01", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "In review", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Retrofit of an existing building on Garden of the Gods Road into the city's first AI data center, by California-based Raeden. Administratively approved by city staff in June 2026; the planning commission denied residents' appeals after a marathon hearing; two new appeals now send it to City Council, whose hearing must fall between Aug 29 and Sept 28 (likely mid-September - date not yet set). Chelsea Glen neighbors cite power, water, and noise from a prior Bitcoin operation at the site.", "source": "https://gazette.com/2026/08/03/appeals-filed-to-send-project-taurus-decision-to-the-colorado-springs-city-council/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "KKTV reported that Oakland, California-based Raeden proposed 'Project Taurus,' a roughly 50-megawatt data center to replace a former Intel manufacturing plant near Garden of the Gods, and that a neighborhood meeting to hear resident concerns was scheduled for April 7, 2026, at the Hyatt Place hotel.", "source": "https://www.kktv.com/2026/04/02/new-data-center-planned-colorado-springs-sparks-concerns-community/" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "City planning department administratively approved the Project Taurus application in June 2026; neighbors immediately announced an appeal.", "source": "https://www.koaa.com/news/local-news/in-your-community/west-side/neighbors-plan-appeal-after-city-planning-department-approves-project-taurus-data-center-application" }, { "date": "2026-06-11", "kind": "filing", "summary": "KRDO reported the city Planning Department administratively approved the Development Plan Modification on June 11, 2026, for the 21.96-acre former Intel site at 1565 High Tech Way, with residents given until 5 p.m. on June 22 to file appeals.", "source": "https://krdo.com/news/2026/06/15/project-taurus-data-center-moves-forward/" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KRDO reported Raeden COO Jason Green said the company made voluntary modifications including generator relocation, enhanced noise monitoring, a $1 million bond, and third-party post-construction audits, while Integrity Matters' Dana Duggan criticized that residents were not notified until a day after the June 11 approval.", "source": "https://krdo.com/news/2026/06/15/project-taurus-data-center-moves-forward/" }, { "date": "2026-06-22", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Per Integrity Matters, a citizen petition requesting a moratorium on data center approvals had gathered 5,349 signatures as of June 22, 2026, and a coalition of 33 appellants led by Katherine Kent and Ron Graham-Becker filed a formal appeal (City File No. DEPN-26-0039) challenging the Project Taurus approval.", "source": "https://www.integritymatterscos.org/project-taurus-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Five appeals - including one from Chelsea Glen residents and the transparency group Integrity Matters - met the city's requirements to proceed.", "source": "https://gazette.com/2026/06/23/five-project-taurus-data-center-appeals-meet-requirements-city-says/" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Planning Commission denied the citizens' appeals after a ~14-hour hearing, upholding the approval 6-2.", "source": "https://krdo.com/news/2026/07/23/colorado-springs-planning-commission-holds-appeal-hearing-for-project-taurus-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Two new appeals filed, sending the decision to City Council - the final local authority. Hearing must occur between Aug 29 and Sept 28, 2026.", "source": "https://www.coloradopolitics.com/2026/08/03/appeals-filed-to-send-project-taurus-decision-to-the-colorado-springs-city-council/" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "KRDO reported the Colorado Springs City Council announced its special meeting to hear the Project Taurus appeal would be held September 17, 2026, at 9 a.m. at the Pikes Peak Center for the Performing Arts, with up to 120 speakers allowed two minutes each.", "source": "https://krdo.com/news/2026/08/11/city-council-announces-special-meeting-to-hear-project-taurus-appeal/" } ] }, { "id": "deep-green-lansing-mi", "name": "Deep Green downtown data center", "operator": "Deep Green (UK)", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Lansing (Ingham County)", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.73, "lon": -84.55, "size_mw": 24, "acres": 2.5, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-04-06", "outcome": "withdrawn", "stage": "Withdrawn", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "24 MW data center plus a 16 MW fuel-cell plant on 2.5 acres near the Grand River downtown, with a closed-loop water-glycol cooling system (~500,000 gal/yr). The Planning Commission recommended the rezoning 5-2 in March 2026, but Deep Green withdrew its rezoning request on April 6, 2026, ending the proposal before a council vote.", "source": "https://michiganadvance.com/2026/04/06/deep-green-pulls-request-to-rezone-downtown-lansing-parcel-axing-data-center-proposal/", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-03-04", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Lansing City Planning Commission voted 5-2 to recommend the rezoning for the 24 MW data center + 16 MW fuel-cell plant.", "source": "https://michiganadvance.com/2026/03/04/lansing-city-planning-commission-recommends-rezoning-for-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-04-06", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Deep Green withdrew its rezoning application, axing the downtown proposal before City Council voted.", "source": "https://michiganadvance.com/2026/04/06/deep-green-pulls-request-to-rezone-downtown-lansing-parcel-axing-data-center-proposal/" } ] }, { "id": "stargate-abilene-tx", "name": "Stargate Abilene", "operator": "Crusoe", "owner": "OpenAI / Oracle / SoftBank (Stargate)", "tenant": "OpenAI / Oracle", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Abilene (Taylor County)", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.45, "lon": -99.73, "size_mw": 1200, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "The flagship Stargate site, built by Crusoe on Lancium's Clean Campus - the most complete Stargate location, with roughly four of eight buildings operational (~0.3 GW live) as of mid-2026. OpenAI and Oracle capped the site at 1.2 GW in March 2026, dropping further expansion amid grid-interconnection delays exceeding a year. Power is a mix of on-site natural gas and grid supply.", "source": "https://epoch.ai/publications/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites-stand", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2021-12-21", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Taylor County Commissioners approved a Chapter 312 tax abatement for Lancium's $2.4 billion 'Project Artemis' data center campus, the largest project in Abilene/Taylor County history, starting at 200 MW with a goal to expand to 1 GW.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/taylor-county-and-city-of-abilene-partner-with-lancium-for-data-center-campus" }, { "date": "2024-07-18", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Crusoe and Lancium announced a partnership to build an initial 200 MW AI data center at the Lancium Clean Campus near Abilene, with plans to expand to 1.2 GW; two buildings totaling 980,000 square feet were expected to be energized in 2025.", "source": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/crusoe-200mw-ai-data-center" }, { "date": "2024-11-19", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "The Development Corporation of Abilene, City of Abilene and Taylor County announced Crusoe's 998,000-square-foot data center at Lancium's Clean Campus, a combined estimated $3.4 billion investment on about 90 leased acres, to be leased to a Fortune 100 tenant in 2025.", "source": "https://developabilene.com/2024/11/19/the-development-corporation-of-abilene-city-of-abilene-and-taylor-county-announce-expanded-development-within-lanciums-clean-campus-through-crusoes-998000-square-foot-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-01-21", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "At the White House on January 21, 2025, Trump announced the Stargate joint venture (OpenAI, Oracle, SoftBank) with up to $500 billion in AI infrastructure investment; Time reported construction had already begun on the Abilene, Texas data center that will house part of Stargate.", "source": "https://time.com/7209167/stargate-openai-donald-trump/" }, { "date": "2025-02-05", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Abilene City Council held a public hearing on a second 20-year tax abatement for Lancium covering 940.89 acres, abating 85% of tax liability while retaining 15%, projected to return $70-90 million to Abilene taxpayers over the term.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/abilene-city-council-weighs-large-005212844.html" }, { "date": "2025-02-11", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Taylor County residents raised concerns at a commissioners meeting about Lancium's tax breaks, citing energy viability, environmental hazards from heavy metals, and questioning whether Lancium should be classified as a data center rather than an energy grid; the final agreement vote was set for February 25.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/taylor-county-residents-raise-concerns-on-lancium-tax-breaks-at-commissioners-meeting" }, { "date": "2025-02-13", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Abilene City Council voted to approve the amended tax abatement agreement for Lancium, with Mayor Weldon Hurt stating the data center would use less than 1% of Abilene's daily water consumption.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/abilene-city-council-discusses-multiple-largely-talked-about-items-in-meeting" }, { "date": "2025-03-18", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Crusoe announced it had begun second-phase construction at the Lancium Clean Campus, expanding the Abilene site to eight buildings, about 4 million square feet and 1.2 gigawatts, targeting completion by mid-2026.", "source": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/crusoe-expands-ai-data-center-campus-in-abilene-to-1-2-gigawatts" }, { "date": "2025-03-24", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Crusoe secured 4.5 GW of natural gas power through a joint venture with Engine No. 1, including seven GE Vernova turbines acquired by Engine No. 1 and Chevron to generate behind-the-meter power for AI data centers including Abilene.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55276169/crusoe-adds-45-gw-natural-gas-to-fuel-ai-expands-abilene-data-center-to-12-gw" }, { "date": "2025-05-21", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Crusoe, Blue Owl Capital and Primary Digital Infrastructure announced the second phase of a $15 billion joint venture to fund the 1.2 GW Abilene campus, jointly sponsoring construction of six new buildings; a JPMorgan-led consortium provided a $7.1 billion construction loan.", "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/05/21/3085765/0/en/Crusoe-Blue-Owl-Capital-and-Primary-Digital-Infrastructure-Enter-Second-Phase-of-15-Billion-Joint-Venture-to-Fund-AI-Data-Center-in-Abilene-Texas.html" }, { "date": "2025-07-17", "kind": "filing", "summary": "As of July 2025, Oracle was contesting Taylor County's roughly $200 million appraised valuation of the first phase of the Abilene data center, despite already holding an 85% property tax abatement.", "source": "https://benzatine.com/news-room/oracle-seeks-more-tax-relief-for-texas-data-center-amid-controversy" }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "OpenAI and partners announced five new Stargate data center sites (including in Milam and Shackelford counties, Texas), with the Abilene flagship campus described as already running and delivering NVIDIA GB200 racks, as part of a pipeline totaling nearly 7 GW.", "source": "https://constructiondive.com/news/stargate-5-new-data-center-sites/761424/" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Crusoe announced the first phase of the Abilene campus is live and running on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, with Oracle having begun delivering NVIDIA GB200 racks in June 2025.", "source": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/crusoe-announces-flagship-abilene-data-center-is-live" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Crusoe topped out the eighth and final building at the Abilene Stargate campus, acknowledging 7,000 tradespeople who contributed; the full campus encompasses approximately 4 million square feet with 1.2 GW total power capacity.", "source": "https://w.media/crusoe-tops-off-final-ai-data-center-in-abilene-texas/" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Crusoe's Abilene AI data center won 'North American Data Center Project of the Year' at the 2025 DCD Global Awards, cited for rapid 12-month modular delivery and direct-to-chip liquid cooling at 1.2 GW scale.", "source": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/crusoe-wins-north-american-data-center-project-of-the-year-at-2025-data-center-dynamics-global-awards" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Texas Standard reported the $3.5 billion Stargate campus had about 6,000 construction workers on site, received an 85% property tax abatement over 10 years, and was expected to create roughly 300 permanent jobs upon completion.", "source": "https://texasstandard.org/stories/stargate-data-center-abilene-texas-construction-ai-artificial-intelligence/" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Time reported Abilene's average monthly rent had risen to $2,395 (up about $1,000 year-over-year), the Abilene Housing Authority documented a pre-existing deficit of approximately 5,600 housing units exacerbated by the Stargate worker influx, and voucher placement rates had dropped from 80% to about 50%.", "source": "https://time.com/7362401/ai-stargate-data-center-abilene-housing-crisis/" }, { "date": "2026-03-01", "kind": "news", "summary": "In March 2026 OpenAI and Oracle capped the Abilene site at 1.2 GW, dropping expansion plans amid grid delays of more than a year; later buildings have run behind their permitted schedules.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/oracleopenai-drop-plans-to-expand-flagship-abilene-stargate-site-meta-in-talks-to-pick-up-crusoe-capacity-with-nvidias-help/" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KTXS reported Lancium and Crusoe executives briefed Abilene city leaders that construction on the roughly 4-million-square-foot, eight-building campus will run through the first quarter of 2027, with about 9,000 craft workers on site daily and a closed-loop liquid-cooling design.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/lancium-crusoe-executives-brief-abilene-leaders-on-major-northside-investment" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Crusoe announced a new 900 MW AI factory campus adjacent to the existing Abilene site to support Microsoft, with two buildings (each 336 MW critical IT) and a 900 MW on-site power plant, bringing total projected Abilene capacity to 2.1 GW; site prep was already underway with the first building expected energized mid-2027.", "source": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/crusoe-announces-new-900-mw-ai-factory-campus-in-abilene-texas-to-support-microsoft-ai-infrastructure" }, { "date": "2026-04-08", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Speaking to the Kiwanis Club of Abilene, Lancium CEO Michael McNamara said the site is fully financed long-term, citing a 15-year Oracle lease and a 20-year Microsoft lease, per KTXS.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/lancium-ceo-says-abilene-ai-data-center-is-fully-financed-with-oracle-and-microsoft" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Local outlet KEYJ reported that Abilene residents launched a 'Save Abilene' website to organize opposition, citing concerns about housing costs, infrastructure strain, water usage, electric demand, and tax incentives relative to community benefits.", "source": "https://keyj.com/abilene-ai-data-center-debate/" }, { "date": "2026-06-17", "kind": "report", "summary": "Distilled Earth reported that Crusoe's third and fourth Abilene buildings, begun in March 2025 and permitted for completion by March 2026, were still not online as of June 2026; Crusoe's CEO disclosed costs of $19.2 billion per GW including gas plants, and the site experienced multi-day winter outages from power and cooling equipment failures.", "source": "https://www.distilled.earth/p/openais-stargate-data-centers-are" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KUT/Texas Public Radio reported the Stargate build has driven an Abilene housing crisis, with average monthly rents near $2,600 (up roughly 50% year over year), about 9,000 construction workers on site, and about 1,000 permanent jobs expected once operational.", "source": "https://www.kut.org/energy-environment/2026-08-12/abilene-tx-stargate-ai-data-center-economy-housing-crisis" } ] }, { "id": "edgecore-louisa-county-va", "name": "EdgeCore Shannon Hill campus", "operator": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Louisa County (Shannon Hill)", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.87, "lon": -78.08, "size_mw": 1100, "acres": 697, "announced": "2025-06-01", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "697 acres purchased in the Shannon Hill Regional Business Park for a 3.9M sq ft, 1.1+ GW campus - a $17B+ investment announced June 2025, phased over several years. No construction start date or tenants disclosed at announcement. Part of a data-center surge in a small county that already hosts an AWS campus.", "source": "https://edgecore.com/resources/press-releases/new-louisa-county-virginia-data-center-campus", "as_of": "2026-08-07", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2019-02-19", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Louisa County Board of Supervisors voted 6-1 to authorize a $2,620,000 budget supplement (Resolution RES-2019-40) for the purchase of approximately 700 acres in the Shannon Hill area for a regional business park, having previously voted to exercise purchase options on January 22, 2019.", "source": "https://louisacountyva.iqm2.com/Citizens/Detail_LegiFile.aspx?CssClass=&Frame=&ID=5621&MediaPosition=&MeetingID=1422" }, { "date": "2019-03-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Louisa County completed its purchase of 684 acres at the Shannon Hill exit off I-64 for $2.6 million to establish the Shannon Hill Regional Business Park, as reported in March 2019.", "source": "https://www.virginiabusiness.com/article/louisa-purchases-land-for-industrial-park/" }, { "date": "2022-01-13", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Virginia awarded Louisa County $300,000 through the Virginia Business Ready Sites Program for site readiness at the Shannon Hill Regional Business Park.", "source": "https://www.vedp.org/press-release/2022-01/2022-virginia-business-ready-sites-program" }, { "date": "2023-01-23", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Louisa County received an $11.5 million state grant to bring water infrastructure to the 700-acre Shannon Hill Regional Business Park, the third-largest such grant awarded by the state.", "source": "https://www.29news.com/2023/01/23/louisa-county-using-11m-grant-develop-shannon-hill-regional-business-park/" }, { "date": "2024-04-01", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The James River Water Authority received a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in April 2024, following an April 8 Memorandum of Agreement, clearing construction of a raw water intake, pump station, and four-mile pipeline on the James River that will serve Shannon Hill Regional Business Park among other areas.", "source": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/army-corps-green-lights-james-river" }, { "date": "2024-09-04", "kind": "financing", "summary": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure completed a $1.9 billion equity raise led by Partners Group, its third financing transaction of 2024 bringing total capital raised that year to over $4 billion, to support hyperscale data center development across its portfolio including Virginia campuses.", "source": "https://edgecore.com/resources/press-releases/edgecore-digital-infrastructure-completes-1-9-billion-equity-investment-to-fuel-continued-rapid-development-of-hyperscale-data-centers-designed-for-density" }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "kind": "news", "summary": "EdgeCore announced the land purchase (697 ac, Shannon Hill Regional Business Park) and $17B+ phased campus plan in June 2025; construction timing and tenants undisclosed.", "source": "https://edgecore.com/resources/press-releases/new-louisa-county-virginia-data-center-campus" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure announced the purchase of 697 acres at Shannon Hill Regional Business Park for $42 million and plans for a 1.1+ GW, 3.9 million sq ft data center campus with $17 billion total investment.", "source": "https://edgecore.com/new-louisa-county-virginia-data-center-campus/" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Youngkin praised the EdgeCore deal; a spokesperson confirmed the commonwealth provided no state incentives, though Virginia had previously awarded $300,000 in site-readiness funds in 2022.", "source": "https://virginiabusiness.com/17b-louisa-county-data-center-edgecore/" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Bisnow reported Louisa County had invested approximately $29.5 million in utilities infrastructure at Shannon Hill using $13.6 million in grants and $17 million in debt, with the county purchasing the land in 2018 for $2.6 million and rezoning it in 2019 for technology uses.", "source": "https://www.bisnow.com/national/news/data-center/17b-campus-continues-data-center-surge-in-small-virginia-county-129918" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "CBS19 reported EdgeCore plans a closed-loop air-cooled system with minimal water usage and significant landscape buffers; Rappahannock Electric Cooperative and its affiliate Hyperscale Energy Services will provide power.", "source": "https://www.cbs19news.com/news/another-data-center-to-be-built-in-louisa-county/article_94b3c0f9-07f9-4525-ba22-4d12397de4a8.html" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Data Center Dynamics reported EdgeCore's Louisa County campus would total 1.1 GW across 3.1 million square feet and six buildings on 697 acres, with power provided by Rappahannock Electric Cooperative.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/edgecore-to-develop-11gw-data-center-in-louisa-county-virginia/" }, { "date": "2025-06-26", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Information Charlottesville reported the Shannon Hill sale closed for $42 million; IDA Chairman Dustin Madison stated the announcement marks a realization of the park's full benefits; proceeds will pay down county debt early.", "source": "https://infocville.com/2025/06/26/louisa-county-sells-shannon-hill-regional-business-park-to-data-center-company/" }, { "date": "2025-06-30", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Local newsletter reported that EdgeCore's Shannon Hill campus will draw water from the James River via a pipeline expected mid-2026, not from the local Northeast Creek Reservoir, differentiating it from the concurrent AWS proposal.", "source": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/at-town-hall-adams-says-he-opposes" }, { "date": "2025-07-14", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Louisa County residents mobilized against data center expansion with a Facebook group of nearly 500 members, a petition with over 660 signatures, and yard signs reading 'Don't Loudoun my Louisa'; opposition focused on the concurrent AWS proposal but reflected broader concern about all data center development in the county including EdgeCore.", "source": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/residents-ramp-up-opposition-to-proposed" }, { "date": "2025-10-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Engage Louisa reported that EdgeCore Digital Infrastructure plans to develop a third data center campus at Shannon Hill Regional Business Park, in the context of the Board of Supervisors unanimously approving a separate performance agreement with AWS.", "source": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/county-asks-for-residents-input-ahead" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Louisa County Board of Supervisors unanimously approved a performance agreement with EdgeCore providing annual performance grants of 15% of real and business personal property tax revenue, capped at $15 million total, with payments from 2027 through 2041.", "source": "https://www.thecentralvirginian.com/news/bos-oks-performance-agreement-with-edgecore/article_7ca8c1b2-b65c-4297-b5eb-391ecfd3f4fc.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Piedmont Environmental Council listed the December 1 Louisa County Board of Supervisors meeting agenda as including a resolution to approve a local performance agreement with EdgeCore, the data center company developing Shannon Hill Regional Business Park.", "source": "https://www.pecva.org/region/albemarle-charlottesville-region/cville-area-land-use-week-ahead-for-november-30-2025/" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "GovTech reported Louisa County sold Shannon Hill to EdgeCore and proceeded with the project despite resident concerns, contrasting it with Amazon's separate withdrawal under stronger community opposition.", "source": "https://www.govtech.com/products/richmond-va-area-counties-split-on-data-centers" }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "EdgeCore reported entering 2026 with 1.8 GW of capacity delivered or under development across six markets including Louisa County, with $5.9 billion in equity and debt committed and $16.1 billion planned for future development.", "source": "https://edgecore.com/resources/press-releases/edgecore-digital-infrastructure-enters-2026-with-1-8gw-of-data-center-capacity-delivered-or-under-development" }, { "date": "2026-04-06", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Louisa County Board of Supervisors moved to appropriate $33 million from Shannon Hill sale proceeds for water and wastewater infrastructure upgrades -- $11.5 million for a clarifier at Ferncliff Water Treatment Plant and $21.5 million for New Bridge Wastewater Treatment Plant expansion -- paying cash rather than issuing new debt.", "source": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/bos-expected-to-appropriate-33-million" }, { "date": "2026-06-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Louisa County Supervisor Manning Woodward stated EdgeCore will operate behind-the-meter power generation at Shannon Hill rather than drawing from the grid; gas-fired generation is the near-term option, with small modular reactors described as far off.", "source": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/woodward-edgecore-to-bring-its-own" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Virginia's state budget deal preserved the data center sales tax exemption through 2035, while introducing a new energy consumption tax of 1.1 cents per kilowatt-hour capped at $600 million annually; Louisa County Board Chair Duane Adams praised the decision as maintaining the state's commitment to the industry.", "source": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/state-budget-deal-keeps-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-08-01", "kind": "permit", "summary": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Norfolk District published public notice NAO-2025-00089 / MRC-2026-1381 for EdgeCore Louisa Phase 2, proposing fill of 4.20 acres of wetlands and 6,302 linear feet of stream for three data center buildings and substations on 187 acres, filed via EDI Louisa 1, LLC.", "source": "https://www.nao.usace.army.mil/Media/Public-Notices/Article/4562787/nao-2025-00089-mrc-2026-1381-edgecore-louisa-phase-2-louisa-county-virginia/" } ] }, { "id": "google-haskell-county-tx", "name": "Google West Texas campuses", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Haskell County (+ Armstrong Co.)", "state": "TX", "lat": 33.16, "lon": -99.73, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "2025-11-14", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2025-11-14", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Google's $40B Texas investment through 2027: AI data-center campuses in Haskell County (one paired with a new Intersect/TPG solar + battery storage plant) and Armstrong County, plus additional sites in Pampa and Wilbarger Counties. Company-owned and proceeding, not a contested local rezoning.", "source": "https://www.texastribune.org/2025/11/14/texas-google-data-centers-ai/", "as_of": "2026-08-08", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-12-10", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Intersect Power announced a strategic partnership with Google and TPG Rise Climate, backed by over $800 million in funding, to co-locate data centers with clean energy generation, with the first project (later identified as Quantum in Haskell County) expected operational in 2026.", "source": "https://www.tpg.com/news-and-insights/intersect-power-forms-strategic-partnership-with-google-and-tpg-rise-climate-to-co-locate-data-center-load-and-clean-power-generation" }, { "date": "2025-05-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Crusoe Energy began construction in May 2025 on Google's Armstrong County data center campus on 1,300 acres near Claude, Texas, according to Armstrong County Judge Adam Ensey.", "source": "https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/google-announces-new-data-center-in-armstrong-county-texas-judge-adam-ensey-crusoe-energy-ercot-southwest-power-pool-claude-texas" }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KTXS reported that Google had purchased multiple properties near Lake Stamford for a data center, and that three new RV parks had been built in the past year to house workers, though Google had not yet formally announced the project.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/stamfords-growth-spurt-rv-parks-a-data-center-and-the-infrastructure-to-keep-up-with-it" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a $40B Texas investment through 2027, including AI data-center hubs in Haskell and Armstrong Counties.", "source": "https://blog.google/company-news/inside-google/company-announcements/google-american-innovation-texas/" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Abbott and Google CEO Sundar Pichai announced Google's $40 billion Texas investment at an event in Midlothian, calling it Google's largest investment in any U.S. state, with three new data center campuses in Haskell and Armstrong Counties.", "source": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-google-announce-40-billion-investment-in-texas" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "ABC7 Amarillo reported that Google's Armstrong County data center is being built by Crusoe Energy on 1,300 acres near Claude, TX, with construction underway since May 2025, 80-100 jobs expected, and completion targeted for late 2028 or early 2029.", "source": "https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/google-announces-new-data-center-in-armstrong-county-texas-judge-adam-ensey-crusoe-energy-ercot-southwest-power-pool-claude-texas" }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Haskell County leaders gave mixed reactions to Google's plan: Mayor Isbell welcomed economic growth, while County Judge Thompson acknowledged concerns about agricultural land conversion but said renewable energy resources drove Google's site selection.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/googles-40-billion-data-center-plan-sparks-mixed-reactions-haskell-leaders-respond" }, { "date": "2025-11-26", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "NewsChannel 6 reported that Haskell County's tax base of $800 million was expected to more than double from the Google data centers, with County Judge Kenny Thompson and Mayor Christina Isbell citing growth potential for the 3,000-person town.", "source": "https://www.newschannel6now.com/2025/11/26/data-centers-bring-major-investment-growth-potential-haskell-county/" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Google held a two-hour community open house at the Museum of the West Texas Frontier in Stamford, fielding questions on water, roads, housing, and environmental impacts of its two Haskell County data centers.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/google-officials-meet-with-texans-as-data-center-plans-raise-questions" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a new air-cooled data center in Wilbarger County, Texas, co-located with AES clean energy generation under 20-year PPAs, as part of its broader West Texas expansion.", "source": "https://www.newschannel6now.com/2026/02/24/google-announces-new-clean-energy-data-center-agreement-with-wilbarger-county/" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Stamford Mayor James Decker said the city is experiencing its first simultaneous multi-house construction since the 1980s, with rezoning for triplexes and revenue directed to street, water, sewer, and park improvements.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/its-jarring-googles-40-billion-data-center-investment-to-transform-texas-town" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "The Quantum Clean Energy Project (640 MW solar, 1.3 GWh battery storage) in Haskell County began operations in June 2026, co-located with a Google data center campus.", "source": "https://www.intersect.com/portfolio/quantum" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google and Intersect announced the Meitner Energy Center in Gray and Roberts Counties, a 1 GW-plus co-located data center and wind/solar/battery generation complex, with construction running through December 2027.", "source": "https://www.powermag.com/google-launches-1-gw-plus-co-located-data-center-and-generation-complex-in-texas-panhandle/" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction began on the Journey 2A data center building (210,420 sq ft) at the Haskell County 'Journey' campus, with a target completion in late October 2026.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-linked-housebound-group-files-for-two-data-center-projects-in-haskell-texas/" } ] }, { "id": "augusta-township-thor-mi", "name": "Augusta Township data center (Thor Equities)", "operator": "Thor Equities", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Augusta Township (Washtenaw County)", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.13, "lon": -83.64, "size_mw": "", "acres": 500, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-08-04", "outcome": "denied", "stage": "Denied", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "The township board rezoned 500+ acres of farmland near Milan from agricultural to general industrial for a hyperscale data center by NY-based Thor Equities. Residents petitioned the decision onto the ballot and voters overturned the rezoning 89.5%-10.4% on Aug 4, 2026 — a rare referendum defeat of an already-approved data-center rezoning.", "source": "https://www.wemu.org/wemu-news/2026-08-05/augusta-township-voters-overturn-data-center-rezoning", "as_of": "2026-08-08", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-05-28", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Augusta Township Planning Commission voted 5-1 to recommend denial of the rezoning request by Thor affiliate JDS Equities II LLC for 522 acres, after dozens of residents voiced opposition citing noise, power consumption, and environmental concerns.", "source": "https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2025/06/03/farming-community-resists-1b-data-center-project-in-washtenaw-county/" }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Board of Trustees held a public hearing on the Thor Equities data center rezoning proposal; county officials noted Augusta's well-water system would need a major overhaul to accommodate the facility's water demands.", "source": "https://www.wemu.org/wemu-news/2025-07-29/officials-expecting-development-as-augusta-data-center-plans-advance" }, { "date": "2025-07-22", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Township board unanimously approved conditional rezoning of 522 acres from agricultural residential to general industrial (Ordinance No. 2025-02) for the Thor Equities data center, overriding the planning commission's 5-1 denial recommendation.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/08/augusta-data-center-opposition/" }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Protect Augusta Charter Township (PACT) submitted 957 petition signatures to the township clerk to force a voter referendum on the rezoning; 561 valid signatures were required.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/08/augusta-data-center-petition/" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Great Lakes Now and Grist reported nationally on the ballot initiative, describing how nearly 1,000 residents in the farming community of about 8,000 signed petitions to challenge the proposed $1 billion data center on 822 acres of farmland and wetlands.", "source": "https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2025/10/15/michigan-town-effots-to-stop-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "Township board debated and approved the first reading of a moratorium ordinance empowering the planning commission to recommend temporary 4-to-6-month moratoriums on data center development.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/07/augusta-data-center-battle-ballot/" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Voters overturned the industrial rezoning 89.5% to 10.4%, blocking the Thor Equities data center.", "source": "https://www.wemu.org/wemu-news/2026-08-05/augusta-township-voters-overturn-data-center-rezoning" } ] }, { "id": "digital-realty-astra-desoto-ks", "name": "Astra data center campus (Digital Realty)", "operator": "Digital Realty", "owner": "Digital Realty", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "De Soto (Johnson County)", "state": "KS", "lat": 38.98, "lon": -94.97, "size_mw": 600, "acres": 1435, "announced": "2026-06-10", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Proposed", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Digital Realty bought ~1,435 acres in the Astra Enterprise Park (the former Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant) to develop a ~600 MW campus across Astra North and South; first phase ~$4B excluding equipment, customer undisclosed. The second major data center proposed near the $4B Panasonic battery plant.", "source": "https://www2.ljworld.com/news/general-news/2026/jun/10/a-second-major-data-center-project-has-been-proposed-in-de-soto-near-panasonic-battery-plant/", "as_of": "2026-08-08", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Digital Realty's operating partnership closed the acquisition of approximately 1,440 acres at Astra Enterprise Park in De Soto for approximately $475 million in cash and operating partnership units, as disclosed in the company's June 22 press release.", "source": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/DLR/digital-realty-announces-transactions-to-drive-continued-platform-v50566doihnh.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Digital Realty presented preliminary plans for the Astra North data center campus to the De Soto City Council, describing nine buildings on 280 acres requiring 600 MW of power and up to 1 million gallons of water per day.", "source": "https://www2.ljworld.com/news/general-news/2026/jun/10/a-second-major-data-center-project-has-been-proposed-in-de-soto-near-panasonic-battery-plant/" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Ingram's reported Digital Realty unveiled plans for a $4 billion data center campus at Astra Enterprise Park in De Soto with 600 MW capacity across nine buildings, noting the land was purchased in April 2026 from Sunflower Redevelopment.", "source": "https://ingrams.com/article/digital-realty-wants-to-build-600mw-data-center-campus-in-de-soto/" }, { "date": "2026-06-10", "kind": "proposal", "summary": "Digital Realty unveiled preliminary plans for a ~600 MW, ~1,435-acre campus at Astra Enterprise Park near the Panasonic battery plant.", "source": "https://www2.ljworld.com/news/general-news/2026/jun/10/a-second-major-data-center-project-has-been-proposed-in-de-soto-near-panasonic-battery-plant/" }, { "date": "2026-06-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Digital Realty officially announced the Astra Enterprise Park acquisition in an investor press release, disclosing the $475 million price, the Evergy Energy Service Agreement for 600 MW by early 2028 scalable to 2 GW, and that planning and phased development is underway.", "source": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/DLR/digital-realty-announces-transactions-to-drive-continued-platform-v50566doihnh.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KCUR reported De Soto Mayor Rick Walker welcomed data center growth as an opportunity to fund city functions, while resident Toni Caldwell raised concerns about lack of environmental impact studies and rapid development pace.", "source": "https://www.kcur.org/podcast/up-to-date/2026-06-23/de-soto-mayor-data-centers" }, { "date": "2026-06-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Commercial Property Executive reported Digital Realty entered the Kansas City market with its $475 million acquisition of 1,440 acres at Astra Enterprise Park, noting it secured an Evergy energy service agreement for 600 MW by early 2028.", "source": "https://www.commercialsearch.com/news/digital-realty-enters-kansas-city-to-build-600mw-campus/" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Johnson County Post reported the Digital Realty campus would be De Soto's second data center, that the land is already zoned for data centers so no public hearing is required for site plan review, and that Digital Realty committed to fund over $300 million in power transmission upgrades.", "source": "https://johnsoncountypost.com/2026/06/29/de-soto-digital-realty-data-center-289786/" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The New Lede reported on De Soto residents organizing against data center development, including a national Facebook group 'Say NO to data centers' with 175,000 members run by De Soto-based resident Dally Holloway.", "source": "https://www.thenewlede.org/2026/07/kansas-ai-data-center-opposition/" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Digital Realty held a community information session from 5-7 pm at DYM Event Space in De Soto; residents attended with questions about water usage, noise, and the approval process, and some noted the company was more transparent than other Kansas data center developers.", "source": "https://www.desotoks.us/498/Digital-Realty-Data-Center" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "kind": "filing", "summary": "On its Q2 2026 earnings call, Digital Realty referenced its expansion into the Kansas City metro with 600 MW of utility power beginning to ramp in early 2028 and a long-term runway of up to 2 GW.", "source": "https://finance.biggo.com/news/US_DLR_2026-07-23" }, { "date": "2026-08-01", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Digital Realty submitted a site plan application for the Astra North campus to De Soto, with the Planning Commission expected to review it in August 2026; city staff review is underway.", "source": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/data-centers/de-soto-reviewing-site-application-for-what-could-be-citys-second-data-center-project" } ] }, { "id": "posey-county-boberg-hoenert-in", "name": "Posey County data center (Boberg/Hoenert Roads)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Posey County (Boberg & Hoenert Roads, near Mount Vernon)", "state": "IN", "lat": 38.02, "lon": -87.87, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-04", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Awaiting decision", "days_to_hearing": -13, "note": "Commissioners stated at an Aug 4, 2026 meeting in Mount Vernon that they will vote no on the proposed data center near Boberg and Hoenert Roads, while continuing to evaluate proposals elsewhere in the county. The developer is unnamed; commissioners disclosed they signed an NDA despite no official proposal. Residents submitted hundreds of opposition letters and requested a two-year moratorium; no formal vote has been reported.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/08/04/posey-co-commissioners-vote-no-proposed-data-center-near-boberg-hoenert-rd/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Approximately 100 Posey County residents packed the Alexandrian Public Library in Mount Vernon to oppose a potential data center at Boberg and Hoenert Roads; organizers Melanie McDowell and Kristyn Tromley led the meeting and residents asked the county to extend the existing solar/wind moratorium to cover data centers.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/06/05/posey-co-residents-pack-meeting-over-potential-data-center-development/" }, { "date": "2026-07-09", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Posey County area planning commission held a four-hour public meeting to discuss setting ordinances for data centers after continued public outcry; committee said it would revise draft ordinances and hold another special meeting.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/07/09/another-meeting-being-held-after-public-outcry-against-potential-data-center-posey-co/" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Posey County Board of Zoning Appeals and Area Plan Commission met in Mount Vernon for nearly four hours to review proposed zoning ordinance revisions for data centers; APC President Joe Marvel said four groups had inquired about zoning rules and that a moratorium must come from the county commission, not zoning boards.", "source": "https://www.thecooldown.com/green-tech/posey-county-indiana-residents-oppose-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "At a Tuesday commissioners meeting, Commission President Bill Collins disclosed that commissioners signed a non-disclosure agreement with an unnamed development company regarding a potential data center; he stated they have had nothing formally proposed to them yet. Residents including geologist Penny Padget raised concerns about water depletion and requested a two-year moratorium.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/07/21/amidst-data-center-concerns-posey-co-commissioners-reveal-theyve-signed-an-nda/" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "WNIN public radio reported that Posey County Commissioners signed an NDA with an unnamed data center developer; farmer David Esche said he was approached about his land and turned down the offer. Some residents suggested the retired A.B. Brown Generating Station site as an alternative location with river water access.", "source": "https://news.wnin.org/2026-07-22/posey-commissioners-sign-nda-with-data-center-developer" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Bullet (WWBL) reported that Posey County commissioners signed an NDA with a development company and that Commissioner Bill Collins said no developments have been formally proposed; the Area Plan Commission scheduled a special session for Monday evening to discuss data centers.", "source": "https://www.wwbl.com/2026/07/22/posey-county-commissioners-sign-nda-with-development-company/" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Posey County Area Plan Commission held a special meeting at the Hovey House in Mount Vernon that reached capacity; attendees in red 'Protect Posey County' and 'No Data Center' shirts commented on proposed amendments to the county's Unified Development Ordinance for data centers.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/07/27/posey-county-area-plan-commission-holds-special-meeting-possible-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "At a Monday special meeting, the Posey County Area Plan Commission revised its draft data center ordinance: redefined minor data centers as 100,000 sq ft or less, set maximum building height at 30 feet after fire department input about lack of ladder trucks, and increased property setbacks to 1,000 feet from non-industrial-zoned properties.", "source": "https://www.aol.com/articles/key-updates-posey-county-data-090750000.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-31", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "14News reported that farmers near Boberg and Hoenert Roads, including 75-year-old Dennis Herrenbruck (whose family has farmed the land since 1849), were approached by an unnamed major tech company to purchase their farmland for a data center; Herrenbruck refused, saying there is not enough money to buy his land.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/07/31/posey-co-farmers-approached-sell-land-tech-company-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Commissioners met at Hovey House in Mount Vernon; residents packed the room and delivered hundreds of opposition letters. Commissioners said they will vote no on the Boberg/Hoenert Roads data center but are still looking at proposals in other areas.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/08/04/posey-co-commissioners-vote-no-proposed-data-center-near-boberg-hoenert-rd/" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Posey County government posted notice of an Area Plan Commission special meeting scheduled for August 18, 2026 at 5:30 PM at the Posey County 4-H Community Center to continue discussion of data center ordinance amendments.", "source": "https://www.poseycountyin.gov/notice-of-area-plan-commission-special-meeting-august-18-2026-at-530pm-at-posey-county-4h-community-center/" } ] }, { "id": "project-zora-warrick-county-in", "name": "Project Zora", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Northern Warrick County (reclaimed mine land)", "state": "IN", "lat": 38.09, "lon": -87.27, "size_mw": "", "acres": 300, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Developer controls roughly 1,200 acres of reclaimed mine land in northern Warrick County; the preliminary concept would develop about 300 acres and leave 900 as buffer. County officials met the Project Zora development team on July 30, 2026, emphasizing no votes, commitments, or NDAs were signed and that the developer's capacity/cost claims are unverified. The end user is expected to be publicly identified by end of 2026, with no permit applications before January 2027; commissioners held an Aug 11, 2026 special meeting on data-center zoning-code amendments.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/07/31/warrick-county-commissioners-schedule-special-meeting-data-center-zoning/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-12-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Local media reported that Sourcecolo, a Utah-based data center consulting firm, was scheduled to present an informational presentation on data centers to the Warrick County Area Plan Commission on December 8, 2025; the company had already contacted CenterPoint utility about energy generation capacity, and a 'Just Say No to Data Centers' Facebook event drew nearly 80 interested attendees.", "source": "https://bluewaterhealthyliving.com/news/national-news/indiana/company-looking-to-build-data-center-in-warrick-county-meeting-set/" }, { "date": "2025-12-08", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Sourcecolo data center presentation to the Warrick County APC was postponed from December 8 to February 9, 2026, to allow board members and county officials time to conduct their own research and prepare questions; APC Executive Director Molly Barnhill said the February meeting would be informational only.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/meeting-data-centers-warrick-county-152347204.html" }, { "date": "2026-05-21", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Warrick County APC scheduled a public hearing for June 8 to discuss proposed ordinance regulations establishing definitions and regulations for small, medium, and large data centers; background noted the Sourcecolo presentation had been postponed multiple times since late 2025.", "source": "https://103gbfrocks.com/warrick-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Nearly 200 residents attended a 3.5-hour Warrick County APC public hearing on a proposed data center ordinance classifying facilities as small (under 10,000 sq ft), medium (10,001-40,000 sq ft), and large (over 40,000 sq ft), with large data centers not a permitted use; the board voted 5-2 to table the ordinance for four months.", "source": "https://www.pdclarion.com/warrick_news/news/county-tables-data-center-ordinance-after-lengthy-hearing/article_962cda90-d37a-5dfc-afb9-29bc82c75399.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "At the same APC meeting, the board voted 4-3 to draft an additional ordinance placing a moratorium on all data center projects through December 2026, to be forwarded to the County Commissioners as a recommendation.", "source": "https://news.wnin.org/2026-07-14/data-center-vote-warrick-area-plan-commission-tables-own-ordinance-halts-projects-in-2026" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Wisdom 92.1 (WZDM) reported on data center opposition in Warrick County following the approximately 200-person APC hearing, noting residents' concerns about water use, noise, pollution, and loss of farmland, while proponents emphasized jobs and apprenticeship opportunities in the construction trades.", "source": "https://www.wzdm.com/2026/07/15/data-centers-face-opposition-in-warrick-county/" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Warrick County officials and Economic Development representatives met with the Project Zora development team; no votes, commitments, or NDAs signed. Developer described control of ~1,200 acres of reclaimed mine land with ~300 acres proposed for development.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/07/31/warrick-county-commissioners-schedule-special-meeting-data-center-zoning/" }, { "date": "2026-07-31", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Warrick County Commissioners announced a special public meeting for August 11 at the Friedman Park Event Center in Newburgh to consider the APC's recommendation on amending the zoning code for data centers; commissioners disclosed the Project Zora developer expects to identify the end user by end of 2026 and will not submit permit applications before January 2027.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/07/31/warrick-county-commissioners-schedule-special-meeting-data-center-zoning/" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "At a Monday APC meeting, Warrick County residents pushed back against Project Zora as details emerged about the proposed data center on 1,200 acres of reclaimed mine land; commissioners confirmed they refused to sign a non-disclosure agreement with the developers and that no formal application or site review had been submitted.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/08/11/warrick-county-residents-push-back-potential-data-center-area-planning-meeting/" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "Warrick County Commissioners unanimously voted to enact a 180-day moratorium pausing all data center development, stating the pause would allow time for research and regulation development; residents at the meeting expressed concerns about water usage, noise, light pollution, and wildlife disruption, with some calling for a permanent ban rather than a temporary pause.", "source": "https://www.14news.com/2026/08/11/warrick-commissioners-vote-moratorium-pause-data-center-development/" } ] }, { "id": "aws-new-carlisle-in", "name": "AWS Northern Indiana expansion (New Carlisle)", "operator": "Amazon (AWS)", "owner": "Amazon", "tenant": "AWS", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "New Carlisle (St. Joseph County)", "state": "IN", "lat": 41.7, "lon": -86.51, "size_mw": 2400, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Amazon plans a $15B investment in new Northern Indiana data center campuses, additional to the $11B investment announced the prior year in St. Joseph County, where its New Carlisle data center already operates. Amazon secures 2.4 GW for its needs (3 GW total new grid capacity) and, through NIPSCO Generation LLC arrangements, will pay to use existing power lines and cover new power plant costs. Amazon says the expansion creates 1,100+ direct high-skilled jobs.", "source": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-15-billion-indiana-data-centers", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": null, "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Amazon announced a $15B plan for new Northern Indiana data center campuses on top of the earlier $11B St. Joseph County investment, with 2.4 GW of power secured via a NIPSCO cost-coverage arrangement. (Amazon's page carries no publication date; the announcement date is not asserted here.)", "source": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-15-billion-indiana-data-centers" }, { "date": "2023-11-09", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "St. Joseph County approved a development facilitation agreement with shell company Razor5 LLC to evaluate 840 acres of farmland near New Carlisle for light-industrial use; Razor5 deposited $1 million in escrow for survey rights.", "source": "https://www.wndu.com/2023/11/09/agreement-could-bring-another-big-development-new-carlisle-area/" }, { "date": "2024-02-22", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "St. Joseph County Plan Commission recommended rezoning 640 acres south of the Indiana Enterprise Center from agricultural to industrial for the Razor5 project; a county council vote was scheduled for the following week.", "source": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2024-02-22/st-joseph-county-leaders-move-forward-with-multibillion-dollar-data-center-project" }, { "date": "2024-04-10", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Razor5 LLC presented preliminary plans to the St. Joseph County Council showing a potential total project investment of approximately $11 billion and filed a real property tax abatement application; the company behind Razor5 had not yet been publicly identified.", "source": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/razor5-development-project-billion-investment-jobs-full-time-potential-general-motors-gm-samsung-battery-plant-land-county-council-state-road-2-st-joseph-indiana" }, { "date": "2024-04-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Holcomb announced that Amazon Web Services would invest $11 billion to build a data center campus at the Indiana Enterprise Center near New Carlisle, creating at least 1,000 jobs — the largest capital investment in Indiana history.", "source": "https://events.in.gov/event/gov-holcomb-announces-amazon-web-services-plans-to-invest-11b-to-create-a-new-data-center-campus-in-northern-indiana" }, { "date": "2024-08-13", "kind": "vote", "summary": "St. Joseph County Council voted 7-2 to approve a 10-year 50% property tax abatement and a 35-year enterprise technology exemption (85% on data center equipment) for Amazon; the package included a $143 million community enhancement agreement for parks, schools, fire departments, and infrastructure.", "source": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/incentives-approved-for-amazon-data-center-project" }, { "date": "2024-09-30", "kind": "construction", "summary": "AWS held a ceremonial groundbreaking at the Century Center in South Bend for its $11 billion data center campus on 870 acres near New Carlisle; construction was already underway, with the first four of 16 planned buildings targeted for completion by end of 2024.", "source": "https://www.wndu.com/2024/09/30/amazon-holds-groundbreaking-ceremony-new-data-center-new-carlisle/" }, { "date": "2025-04-30", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "More than 100 people attended an IDEM public hearing in New Carlisle on Amazon's Section 401 water quality certification application to fill approximately 10 acres of wetlands and reroute streams in the Kankakee River watershed; the Hoosier Environmental Council argued the proposed mitigation was insufficient.", "source": "https://www.hecweb.org/2025/05/08/wetland-loss-and-data-center-clash-at-idem-public-hearing/" }, { "date": "2025-08-13", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "IDEM cited Amazon for impacting nearly one acre of wetlands without authorization at the New Carlisle campus, ordered construction in state waters to cease, and required Amazon to withdraw its January 2025 permit application and resubmit with an additional 30% mitigation requirement.", "source": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/wetland-impact-idem-sends-letter-halts-some-work-over-amazons-data-center-construction-impact-indiana-department-environmental-management-application-process-unauthorized-impact-st-joseph-county" }, { "date": "2025-08-14", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Amazon announced plans to resubmit its IDEM wetland permit application after acknowledging its contractor Walbridge had impacted wetlands without authorization in late summer 2024; Amazon had not notified IDEM of the incident until May 2025.", "source": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2025-08-14/amazon-looking-to-resubmit-idem-application-after-contractors-unauthorized-wetland-impact" }, { "date": "2025-09-24", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission approved NiSource's petition to create NIPSCO Generation LLC (GenCo), a first-in-the-nation subsidiary utility to own, build, and manage generation assets exclusively for data centers in Northern Indiana, shielding existing NIPSCO retail customers from related costs.", "source": "https://www.nisource.com/news/article/nisource-achieves-iurc-regulatory-approval-for-genco-strategy" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Amazon announced that Project Rainier, its $11 billion data center campus in New Carlisle dedicated to training Anthropic's Claude AI models on approximately 500,000 Trainium2 chips, was now operational; CNBC reported it as the company's biggest AI data center.", "source": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/amazons-project-rainier-starts-operations-create-jobs-ai-billion-dollar-project-near-new-carlisle-st-joseph-county-indiana" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Amazon announced an additional $15 billion investment to build new data center campuses in Northern Indiana, adding up to 3 GW of capacity; NIPSCO would supply power under a 15-year contract beginning January 2027, with GenCo planning two 1.3 GW gas plants and 400 MW of battery storage.", "source": "https://www.wndu.com/2025/11/24/amazon-announces-15-billion-investment-data-center-campuses-northern-indiana/" }, { "date": "2026-06-24", "kind": "report", "summary": "Four Republican St. Joseph County Council members sent a letter to Amazon requesting voluntary contributions toward homeowner property tax relief, noting AWS had nearly $38 million in abated property taxes in the first half of 2026 alone.", "source": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-06-24/council-members-asking-amazon-to-pay-despite-tax-abatement" }, { "date": "2026-07-10", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Indiana Citizen reported that the New Carlisle campus had 935 full-time employees as of December 2025 (average $40.99/hour), with construction traffic more than doubling the town's population daily at peak; Amazon requested permanent filling of over 9 acres of wetlands and rerouting of 5,000 feet of streams.", "source": "https://indianacitizen.org/uncertain-future-new-carlisle-offer-lessons-to-other-communities-as-data-centers-arrive/" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "kind": "construction", "summary": "WNDU reported that AWS investment in the St. Joseph County campus had surpassed $13.8 billion, with approximately 18 of 30 planned buildings operational and over 1,000 people hired; a planned diverging diamond interchange at SR 2 and Larrison Boulevard had not yet begun construction.", "source": "https://www.wndu.com/2026/07/23/amazon-web-services-investment-st-joseph-county-data-center-campus-surpasses-138-billion/" } ] }, { "id": "project-flex-lyon-township-mi", "name": "Project Flex", "operator": "Verrus", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Lyon Township (Oakland County)", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.51, "lon": -83.65, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-24", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 7, "note": "Verrus (with Walbridge as general contractor) is developing the Project Flex data center on Milford Road in Lyon Township. The Planning Commission gave initial approval on Sept 8, 2025; final site-plan approval review is anticipated at the commission's Aug 24, 2026 meeting. Verrus is offering a $10M community benefits package and its attorney has warned of legal action if approval is further delayed; residents organized as 'No Data Center Lyon Township' oppose the project.", "source": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/oakland-county/project-flex-data-center-eyes-final-lyon-township-approval-amid-pushback-from-nearby-residents", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-08-07", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Walbridge submitted the Project Flex site plan application to Lyon Township planning authorities for the 1.8-million-square-foot, 172-acre data center campus.", "source": "https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/project-profiles/lyon-township-data-center-project-oakland-county-location-map-developers-contractors-investors-latest-updates" }, { "date": "2025-09-08", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Lyon Township Planning Commission gave initial approval to Project Flex.", "source": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/oakland-county/project-flex-data-center-eyes-final-lyon-township-approval-amid-pushback-from-nearby-residents" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "protest", "summary": "In December 2025 a Facebook opposition group titled 'NO DATA CENTER in Lyon Township' grew to roughly 2,000 members, citing concerns about electricity infrastructure, water usage, and environmental impacts.", "source": "https://www.blackridgeresearch.com/project-profiles/lyon-township-data-center-project-oakland-county-location-map-developers-contractors-investors-latest-updates" }, { "date": "2025-12-11", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Lyon Township issued an official press release/statement addressing questions about the Project Flex data center site plan.", "source": "https://bluewaterhealthyliving.com/news/local-news/michigan/1-8-million-square-foot-data-center-approved-for-172-acres-in-lyon-township/" }, { "date": "2026-01-07", "kind": "report", "summary": "Consulting firm Kimley-Horn completed a noise study for Project Flex, a condition of the site-plan approval.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/01/lyon-township-data-center-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-01-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Lyon Township issued a statement indicating the Planning Commission may be revisiting the conditional site-plan approval, saying final approval depends on independent review of the sound study and energy audit.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/01/lyon-township-data-center-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "kind": "protest", "summary": "About 125 residents attended a Lyon Township Planning Commission meeting to voice opposition to the 1.8-million-square-foot data center.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/01/lyon-township-data-center-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Lyon Township held a study/informational meeting on the Project Flex data center; residents staged a protest outside before the meeting.", "source": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/data-centers/lyon-township-holds-study-meeting-on-data-center-project-residents-protest-plan" }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Lyon Township Board of Trustees enacted a six-month moratorium on new data centers and facilities over 100,000 square feet, running through September 8, 2026, while it reviews ordinances.", "source": "https://www.whmi.com/news/article/lyon-twp-board-enacts-six-month-moratorium-on-new-data-center-projects" }, { "date": "2026-04-27", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The Oakland County Election Commission approved recall petition language targeting all seven Lyon Township trustees, an effort organizers tied to opposition to Project Flex.", "source": "https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2026/04/29/residents-fight-back-data-center-controversy-sparks-recall-attempt-against-lyon-township-leaders/" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "kind": "filing", "summary": "An attorney for Verrus submitted a Final Site Plan response letter arguing the project meets township codes and warning of legal action if approval is further delayed.", "source": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/oakland-county/project-flex-data-center-eyes-final-lyon-township-approval-amid-pushback-from-nearby-residents" }, { "date": "2026-06-08", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "At a Lyon Township Planning Commission meeting, dozens of residents, including State Sen. Jim Runestad, spoke during public comment opposing Project Flex.", "source": "https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/residents-oppose-data-center-lyon-townhship/" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "In July 2026 Lyon Township postponed a decision on the data center, including whether to accept a $10 million community-benefits offer from Verrus.", "source": "https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2026/08/13/are-data-centers-the-roads-of-the-future-inside-the-ai-infrastructure-debate/" }, { "date": "2026-08-24", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Final approval review anticipated at the Lyon Township Planning Commission meeting.", "source": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/oakland-county/project-flex-data-center-eyes-final-lyon-township-approval-amid-pushback-from-nearby-residents" } ] }, { "id": "terawulf-cayuga-lansing-ny", "name": "TeraWulf Cayuga data center (former Cayuga Power Plant)", "operator": "TeraWulf", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Lansing (Tompkins County)", "state": "NY", "lat": 42.57, "lon": -76.53, "size_mw": 300, "acres": 125, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-04-27", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Awaiting decision", "days_to_hearing": -112, "note": "TeraWulf leases 183 acres of the 434-acre former Cayuga Power Plant site on Cayuga Lake in Lansing, NY, proposing ~125 acres of development: Phase 1 of 150 MW across three buildings plus a Phase 2 of another 150 MW. On April 27, 2026 the Lansing Planning Board deemed the site-plan application incomplete and requested lease details, construction-traffic data, and landscaping clarification; environmental groups' lawsuit over the Zoning Board's permit interpretation survived a standing challenge on April 29.", "source": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/regional_news/terawulf-s-proposed-data-center-faces-local-delays-pushback/article_8949eab1-47fd-46df-87ec-841b76a6527b.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-08-14", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Concurrent with the August 14, 2025 lease announcement, TeraWulf reported securing a multi-billion-dollar investment from Google tied to its expansion, with the Lansing site projecting about $400 million in redevelopment investment, roughly 500 temporary construction jobs, and 100 permanent positions.", "source": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/tompkins_county/data-center-developer-secures-long-term-lease-of-cayuga-power-plant/article_af47439f-e785-4519-9018-6ad0a9de5048.html" }, { "date": "2025-09-22", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "On September 22, 2025 the Lansing Town Board held a public hearing on a proposed year-long development moratorium that would have paused major construction while the town rewrote its zoning laws; the final vote was deferred to a later meeting.", "source": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/tompkins_county/data-center-developer-secures-long-term-lease-of-cayuga-power-plant/article_af47439f-e785-4519-9018-6ad0a9de5048.html" }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "kind": "vote", "summary": "On November 5, 2025 the Lansing Town Board voted 3-2 not to withdraw its proposed construction moratorium, before reversing course later that month.", "source": "https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2025/12/lansing-board-withdraws-ordinance-that-would-have-stalled-terawulf-data-center" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "As reported November 14, 2025, a letter from TeraWulf's representatives called for withdrawal of the proposed moratorium and demanded the immediate resignation of Town Supervisor Ruth Groff and board member Joseph Wetmore, alleging Open Meetings Law, FOIL, and Lobbying Act violations.", "source": "https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2025/11/tensions-over-terawulf-data-center-in-tompkins-county-grow-with-threatened-lawsuit" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "kind": "vote", "summary": "On November 19, 2025 the Lansing Town Board unanimously voted to withdraw its proposed one-year land-use moratorium, without discussion or explanation, clearing a path for the TeraWulf project to advance.", "source": "https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2025/12/lansing-board-withdraws-ordinance-that-would-have-stalled-terawulf-data-center" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "kind": "vote", "summary": "On December 22, 2025 the Town of Lansing Zoning Board of Appeals voted 3-2 to classify TeraWulf's Cayuga site as 'general processing,' allowing the data center to proceed without additional rezoning or variances; it was the company's third appeal after prior rejections of 'scientific research laboratory' and 'warehouse' classifications.", "source": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/terawulf-secures-zoning-approval-ny-153335651.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "On January 30, 2026, Cayuga Lake Environmental Action Now (CLEAN) and FLX Strong filed an Article 78 petition in New York State Supreme Court against the Lansing Zoning Board of Appeals and TeraWulf, seeking to annul the ZBA's December 2025 'general processing' classification as containing errors of law and procedural violations.", "source": "https://ithacavoice.org/2026/01/local-groups-file-suit-against-terawulf-lansing-zoning-board-over-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-04-27", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Lansing Planning Board reviewed TeraWulf's site-plan application, deemed it incomplete, and requested additional documentation (lease details, construction traffic data, landscaping clarification).", "source": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/regional_news/terawulf-s-proposed-data-center-faces-local-delays-pushback/article_8949eab1-47fd-46df-87ec-841b76a6527b.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-29", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Court ruled that petitioners in the environmental groups' January lawsuit challenging the Zoning Board's permit interpretation have standing to proceed; arguments scheduled for June 18, 2026.", "source": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/regional_news/terawulf-s-proposed-data-center-faces-local-delays-pushback/article_8949eab1-47fd-46df-87ec-841b76a6527b.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-17", "kind": "protest", "summary": "On June 17, 2026 a coalition of Finger Lakes organizations held a press event outside Lansing town hall to deliver the 'Reject the Development of an AI Data Center on Cayuga Lake' petition, which had gathered roughly 20,000 signatures (about 17,000 from New York State residents).", "source": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/regional_news/cayuga-lake-residents-deliver-petition-against-proposed-terawulf-data-center/article_be2ce31f-0ea9-4f1c-aff2-d695d3c7ad15.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-25", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Opposition groups No Data Center FLX and FLX Strong hosted a public presentation on June 25, 2026 at the First Unitarian Society in Ithaca about data-center harms and the Lansing proposal.", "source": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/regional_news/cayuga-lake-residents-deliver-petition-against-proposed-terawulf-data-center/article_be2ce31f-0ea9-4f1c-aff2-d695d3c7ad15.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "As reported July 14, 2026, Gov. Kathy Hochul signed Executive Order No. 62 establishing a statewide moratorium halting state permitting for data centers of 50+ MW pending a Department of Public Service environmental review; the order exempts local-government permits, and TeraWulf said it does not change its Lansing plans.", "source": "https://ithacavoice.org/2026/07/terawulf-data-center-hochul-executive-order/" } ] }, { "id": "dickerson-atmosphere-montgomery-md", "name": "Dickerson Data Center Campus (Atmosphere)", "operator": "Atmosphere Data Centers", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Dickerson (Montgomery County)", "state": "MD", "lat": 39.26, "lon": -77.42, "size_mw": "", "acres": 110, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-09-10", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 24, "note": "Atmosphere Data Centers (which took over the project from Terra Innovations, whose initial conditional-use application dates to January 2024) proposes a five-building data center campus on 110 acres at the decommissioned Dickerson Generating Station coal plant site; a major modification to the conditional use was filed in December 2025 and amended plans are on Montgomery Planning's development database. On 2026-07-28 the Montgomery County Council approved an 18-month moratorium on new data center approvals that encompasses this proposal; Office of Zoning and Administrative Appeals hearings had been scheduled for Sept 10-11, 2026.", "source": "https://www.sugarloafcitizens.org/issues-blog/lets-hit-pause-on-dickerson-data-center", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-12-04", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "As reported December 4, 2025, the county hearing examiner had granted Terra Energy conditional use approval (case CU 24-13) for a data center complex at the Dickerson site, with the number and square footage of buildings left to future modifications.", "source": "https://www.mocoalliance.org/news/terra-energys-sketch-plan-for-data-center-complex-in-dickerson-gains-conditional-use-approval" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "kind": "protest", "summary": "A community forum on data centers was held in Rockville amid the debate over the Dickerson proposal, around the time County Executive Elrich first raised the possibility of a moratorium.", "source": "https://www.thebanner.com/economy/growth-development/data-centers-dickerson-county-council-election-energy-TXJMAPPO4VH5HGXFSAW2DI64VQ/" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "At a County Council hearing on data centers, approximately 30 speakers testified and 218 written testimonies were submitted; Atmosphere's proposal is described as a 300-megawatt campus on 110 acres seeking a Potomac River withdrawal cap of 500,000 gallons per day.", "source": "https://www.bisnow.com/washington-dc/news/data-center-community-relations/next-door-to-data-center-alley-a-community-wrestles-with-guardrails-as-the-asset-class-encroaches-133590" }, { "date": "2026-05-26", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The Final Statement of Case and Operations in case CU 24-13(a)(A) for the Atmosphere Dickerson data center amendment is dated May 26, 2026, per the OZAH case record.", "source": "https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/office-zoning-administrative-hearings/hearings/cu-24-13aa-atmosphere-dickerson-property-owner-llc-conditional-use-holder-terra-energy-llc-amendment-major-modification" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Atmosphere CEO Chuck McBride issued a statement saying the company respects the county's desire to take time to evaluate data center policies and appreciates the opportunity for public discussion.", "source": "https://www.thebanner.com/politics-power/local-government/dickerson-data-center-moratorium-montgomery-county-YQCEJFXPONCWBOHV2RSNUKWO6A/" }, { "date": "2026-06-13", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "County Executive Marc Elrich announced a six-month moratorium on data center permits by executive order at a Friday afternoon news conference, saying it creates time to establish clear rules before applications move through permitting.", "source": "https://wtop.com/maryland/2026/06/montgomery-county-rolls-out-a-6-month-moratorium-on-permits-for-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "County Executive Marc Elrich, at his weekly media briefing, acknowledged that Atmosphere Data Centers had filed an appeal of his data center moratorium with the county's Office of Zoning and Administrative Hearings.", "source": "https://www.thebanner.com/politics-power/local-government/dickerson-data-center-moratorium-montgomery-county-YQCEJFXPONCWBOHV2RSNUKWO6A/" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Montgomery County Council approved an 18-month moratorium halting new data center approvals and applications, encompassing the Atmosphere proposal for a 110-acre, 5-building campus in Dickerson.", "source": "https://www.sugarloafcitizens.org/issues-blog/lets-hit-pause-on-dickerson-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "After the Council passed the 18-month moratorium, Atmosphere CEO Chuck McBride said the company was disappointed and would take time to fully evaluate the Council's action.", "source": "https://www.bisnow.com/washington-dc/news/data-center-community-relations/montgomery-county-halts-data-center-permits-135592" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "County Planning Board review of the project scheduled for July 30, 2026.", "source": "https://www.sugarloafcitizens.org/issues-blog/lets-hit-pause-on-dickerson-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-09-10", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Office of Zoning and Administrative Appeals hearings on the conditional-use modification scheduled for Sept 10-11, 2026.", "source": "https://www.sugarloafcitizens.org/issues-blog/lets-hit-pause-on-dickerson-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-11-12", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Office of Zoning and Administrative Hearings lists the hearing on case CU 24-13(a)(A) (Atmosphere Dickerson Property Owner, LLC; conditional use holder Terra Energy, LLC) as scheduled for Thursday and Friday, November 12 and 13, 2026, at 9:30 a.m.", "source": "https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/office-zoning-administrative-hearings/hearings/cu-24-13aa-atmosphere-dickerson-property-owner-llc-conditional-use-holder-terra-energy-llc-amendment-major-modification" } ] }, { "id": "stamp-double-reed-alabama-ny", "name": "Project Double Reed (Stream US Data Centers at STAMP)", "operator": "Stream Data Centers", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Stream US Data Centers LLC", "locality": "Alabama (Genesee County)", "state": "NY", "lat": 43.1, "lon": -78.39, "size_mw": 600, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-03", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Awaiting decision", "days_to_hearing": -14, "note": "Stream US Data Centers proposes a $19.46 billion, three-building, roughly 600 MW data center campus at the STAMP site in the Town of Alabama, Genesee County. The Town Planning Board reviewed site-plan conditions (annual noise monitoring, heat-island mitigation, a dedicated code enforcement officer) and was expected to vote July 6, but both July meetings were cancelled after GCEDC, the SEQRA lead agency, could not complete environmental-review documentation; the next scheduled Planning Board meeting was Aug 3, 2026. GCEDC's CEO says the project keeps moving unless New York's passed-but-unsigned statewide data center moratorium becomes law.", "source": "https://videonewsservice.net/index.php/2026/06/17/genesee-county-alabama-planning-board-expected-to-vote-july-6th-on-data-center-site-plan-approval/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-02-03", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A GCEDC public hearing was held February 3, 2025 on the original Stream/Project Double Reed incentive proposal at STAMP, ahead of staff bringing a recommendation to the STAMP committee and full board.", "source": "https://orleanshub.com/gcedc-staff-recommend-project-double-reed-data-center-project-at-stamp/" }, { "date": "2025-03-06", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The GCEDC Board of Directors approved the original 900,000-square-foot, 250-megawatt Project Double Reed data center plan for Stream U.S. Data Centers at STAMP on March 6, 2025.", "source": "https://www.wxxinews.org/local-news/2025-09-18/genesee-county-stamp-site-data-center-on-hold-as-expansion-gets-pursued" }, { "date": "2025-07-13", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "The Tonawanda Seneca Nation and the Sierra Club filed suit in New York State Supreme Court alleging GCEDC violated SEQRA by awarding $472 million in subsidies to Stream U.S. Data Centers without conducting a full environmental review or requiring detailed project plans.", "source": "https://nativenewsonline.net/environment/tonawanda-seneca-nation-and-sierra-club-file-litigation-challenging-environmental-review-process-of-massive-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "The GCEDC board voted to withdraw the State Environmental Quality Review determination for the approved 900,000-square-foot project after Stream said it had identified an opportunity to secure additional capacity and increase the project's scale, with Stream to submit an amended, larger application; a Tonawanda Seneca chief called the withdrawal a win.", "source": "https://www.wxxinews.org/local-news/2025-09-18/genesee-county-stamp-site-data-center-on-hold-as-expansion-gets-pursued" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Stream submitted a revised GCEDC SEQR application dated February 18, 2026 increasing the campus to a $19.46 billion, roughly 500 MW, 2.2 million-square-foot three-building project on about 90 acres, with roughly 125 permanent jobs.", "source": "https://servercountry.org/data/projects/stream-data-centers-stamp-campus-ny/" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "At a March 31, 2026 meeting, a Wendel Companies engineer walked the Town of Alabama Planning Board through the Stream site plan (water, sanitary sewer, noise studies, generators, roads, emergency services, parking); the board made no decisions and scheduled a public hearing for April 20 at the Alabama Fire Department.", "source": "https://videonewsservice.net/index.php/2026/03/31/genesee-county-alabama-planning-board-tackles-data-center-site-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-05-04", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Alabama Planning Board held a public hearing on the $19.46 billion Stream project at the Alabama Fire Hall with almost 75 speakers, a majority opposed over noise, water, wetlands and impacts near the Tonawanda Seneca Nation, while some trades union representatives supported it; Stream design manager Colm Curran presented the project.", "source": "https://videonewsservice.net/index.php/2026/05/05/genesee-county-town-of-alabama-planning-board-continues-to-study-the-site-plan-for-stream-u-s-data-centers-proposed-19-46-billion-project/" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "On June 2, 2026, Wendel Companies engineers updated the Alabama Planning Board on draft site-plan conditions dated May 26, 2026 covering annual noise readings, construction traffic routes, a heat-island memorandum, stormwater, grading, utilities and safety; the board chair said there was no deadline for a decision.", "source": "https://videonewsservice.net/index.php/2026/06/02/genesee-county-engineers-update-the-alabama-planning-board-on-potential-conditions-when-considering-approval-of-the-proposed-19-46-billion-stream-u-s-data-centers-project/" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Alabama Planning Board met for over 3.5 hours on the Stream site plan amid resident opposition; conditions discussed included lifetime annual noise monitoring and a one-year construction-start deadline, with a site-plan approval vote expected July 6.", "source": "https://videonewsservice.net/index.php/2026/06/17/genesee-county-alabama-planning-board-expected-to-vote-july-6th-on-data-center-site-plan-approval/" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Town supervisor announced the July 6 and July 20 Planning Board meetings were cancelled - GCEDC could not complete SEQRA documentation in time - with the next regular meeting set for Aug 3, 2026.", "source": "https://videonewsservice.net/index.php/2026/07/02/genesee-county-alabama-town-supervisor-advises-july-planning-board-meetings-have-been-cancelled/" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "The Tonawanda Seneca Nation and the Sierra Club filed a lawsuit in New York State Supreme Court seeking to invalidate the zoning agreement between the Town of Alabama and the GCEDC that underpins development at the STAMP industrial park.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/politics/articles/tonawanda-seneca-nation-sierra-club-040100049.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Governor Kathy Hochul signed an executive order on July 14, 2026 establishing New York's first statewide moratorium of up to one year, pausing the Department of Environmental Conservation from issuing discretionary environmental permits for new hyperscale data centers while the state builds a regulatory framework and Community Investment Framework.", "source": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/first-statewide-moratorium-new-hyperscale-data-centers-launched-governor-kathy-hochul" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "On July 29, 2026 Governor Hochul held a roundtable in Henrietta defending the one-year data center moratorium she signed July 14, saying New York does not need to be first but wants to be the first to get it right and that developers should bear infrastructure costs; coverage tied the pause to Stream's proposed $19.5 billion STAMP campus in the Town of Alabama.", "source": "https://rbj.net/2026/07/29/hochul-data-center-moratorium-power-concerns-henrietta/" } ] }, { "id": "powder-mill-works-lawrence-pa", "name": "Stonebridge Associates data center campus at Powder Mill Works", "operator": "Stonebridge Associates", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "North Beaver & Mahoning townships (Lawrence County)", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.99, "lon": -80.43, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-05", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Awaiting decision", "days_to_hearing": -12, "note": "Maryland-based Stonebridge Associates has applied to build a data center campus at the Powder Mill Works commercial development site spanning North Beaver and Mahoning townships in Lawrence County, PA. The application was rejected administratively because a required $3,000 Lawrence County escrow check was missing, and back-to-back zoning hearings in early August 2026 argued over whether the application was validly filed - which determines whether older April or newer June zoning rules apply. The zoning board deferred its ruling, expected within 45 days.", "source": "https://www.aol.com/articles/zoning-hearing-addresses-data-center-022942000.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-04-14", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Mahoning Township Board of Supervisors passed a data center zoning ordinance restricting data centers to industrial districts, despite significant resident opposition at a packed public hearing; supervisors also authorized a noise and vibration study.", "source": "https://www.wfmj.com/news/ohio-pennsylvania-news/mahoning-township-residents-outraged-over-too-vague-data-center-ordinance/article_27b4ae53-b635-4cfb-9351-594865882efa.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "kind": "filing", "summary": "S.S. Penn LLC (Stonebridge affiliate) delivered a box of preliminary land development plans to Mahoning Township for a 15- to 16-building data center campus on 568-569 acres at the Powder Mill Works site, along with checks to Mahoning Township and Lawrence County but missing the required $3,000 county escrow fee.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/second-hearing-addresses-lawrence-county-032650770.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-24", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Mahoning Township Board of Supervisors passed three additional ordinances regulating data centers, power generation, and battery storage in industrial districts, tightening setback, noise, and vibration restrictions beyond the April ordinance.", "source": "https://www.wfmj.com/news/local-news/several-ordinances-passed-in-mahoning-township-to-regulate-zoning-for-data-centers/article_8f3196ac-900b-43d1-a455-5678d1645534.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-27", "kind": "filing", "summary": "New Castle News reported the preliminary land development plan by S.S. Penn LLC for 16 buildings on 569 acres at the Powder Mill Works site; planning commission reviews were scheduled for early July in both townships and Lawrence County.", "source": "https://www.ncnewsonline.com/news/data-center-proposed-for-north-beaver-mahoning/article_3488d704-85df-4801-94ad-71b06241b459.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Stonebridge principal Douglas Firstenberg presented data center plans to approximately 40 residents at a North Beaver Township planning commission meeting, projecting 400-500 permanent jobs, over $1 billion investment, and $10 million annual tax revenue for Mahoning Township.", "source": "https://www.ncnewsonline.com/news/local_news/stonebridge-presents-data-center-plans-details/article_5dd3c006-0eb3-466f-92fb-c5241f737d3e.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Attorney Louis Perrotta, representing both townships, announced he would file motions to quash lawsuits brought by S.S. Penn LLC challenging the timing of revised zoning ordinance amendments; a hearing was set before Judge Bradley Olson in Lawrence County Common Pleas Court.", "source": "https://www.ncnewsonline.com/news/local_news/attorney-to-file-motions-against-data-center-lawsuits/article_a39b337a-43b8-47e2-9aa7-1126e6a49def.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Data Center Dynamics reported Stonebridge plans to invest over $15 billion on the 16-building campus at the former dynamite factory site, with Penn Power providing electricity and a six-year build-out; a petition against the project had gathered 170 signatures.", "source": "https://www.idcnova.com/news/Stonebridge-Proposes-15B-Data-Center-Campus-on-Former-Dynamite-Factory-Site-in-Pennsylvania" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "WFMJ reported Stonebridge is suing both North Beaver and Mahoning townships, arguing zoning restrictions adopted after it submitted its plans should not apply under the pending-ordinance doctrine; township solicitor Perrotta contended the application was incomplete and underfunded.", "source": "https://www.wfmj.com/news/lawsuit-tests-zoning-rules-for-proposed-data-center-in-lawrence-county/article_2cea0194-cbaa-4715-b110-bcdbf7e08378.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Approximately 150 residents packed a Stonebridge public meeting in New Castle, chanting opposition; Firstenberg outlined 16 buildings over six years, 3,000 construction and 400 permanent jobs, a 2029 construction start, and potential tenants Meta, Oracle, and Amazon AWS (none confirmed).", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/residents-pack-meeting-oppose-proposed-021025527.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "WFMJ reported residents voiced strong frustration at the Stonebridge public presentation in New Castle, with attendees demanding design plans and criticizing the company's claims about health and environmental impacts.", "source": "https://www.wfmj.com/news/local-news/pennsylvania-residents-voice-frustration-over-data-center-proposal-in-beaver-mahoning-townships/article_9c20510f-c384-4811-9369-5d28647fb25d.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "North Beaver Township held a zoning hearing on the Stonebridge application, focusing on whether fees were paid correctly and whether the application was timely; Stonebridge lawyer Shawn Gallagher said if the June regulations apply rather than April's, the company 'might not have a project.'", "source": "https://www.aol.com/articles/zoning-hearing-addresses-data-center-022942000.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Second zoning hearing (Mahoning Township) on whether Stonebridge's application was filed correctly and on time; the filing had been rejected over a missing $3,000 county escrow fee, and the board deferred its decision, indicating a ruling within 45 days.", "source": "https://www.aol.com/articles/zoning-hearing-addresses-data-center-022942000.html" } ] }, { "id": "hanover-township-starpointe-pa", "name": "Prime Data Centers — Starpointe Business Park campus", "operator": "Prime Data Centers", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Prime Data Centers LLC", "locality": "Hanover Township (Washington County)", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.35, "lon": -80.44, "size_mw": 450, "acres": 126, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-31", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 14, "note": "Prime Data Centers filed a conditional-use application in May 2026 for a seven-building, ~1.7 million sq ft data center campus with an attached behind-the-meter 450 MW gas-fired power plant on roughly 126 acres of reclaimed strip-mine land in the Starpointe Business Park (land owned by ALTIAN Development LLC), near the Pavilion at Starlake. The Aug. 5 conditional-use hearing drew 200+ residents; about three dozen won party status, and residents' attorneys argued the application belongs before the zoning hearing board rather than the supervisors, so the hearing was continued to Aug. 31 without Prime presenting.", "source": "https://www.observer-reporter.com/news/local-news/2026/aug/07/hanover-township-continues-starpointe-data-center-meeting/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": null, "kind": "filing", "summary": "Prime Data Centers LLC filed a conditional-use application in May 2026 for a seven-building data center with an attached power generation facility in the Starpointe Business Park.", "source": "https://www.observer-reporter.com/news/local-news/2026/aug/07/hanover-township-continues-starpointe-data-center-meeting/" }, { "date": "2026-03-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Hanover Township adopted an ordinance regulating data center development during a meeting in March 2026, before Prime Data Centers LLC submitted its Starpointe application.", "source": "https://www.observer-reporter.com/news/local-news/2026/aug/05/hanover-township-to-hold-hearing-on-starpointe-data-center-application/" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "CBS Pittsburgh reported that residents were mounting an 11th-hour fight against the proposed Starpointe data center ahead of the Aug. 5 hearing, citing health concerns from infrasound, noise and emissions and criticizing the township's data center ordinance as insufficiently protective on setbacks and noise.", "source": "https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/hanover-township-washington-county-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Conditional-use hearing before Hanover Township supervisors drew hundreds of residents; roughly three dozen were granted party standing, and residents' attorneys argued the zoning hearing board must first determine the data center's comparable use, so the hearing was continued to Aug. 31.", "source": "https://www.wesanews.org/environment-energy/2026-08-07/washington-county-data-center-draws-hundreds-hanover-township" }, { "date": "2026-08-31", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Continued conditional-use hearing scheduled for 6 p.m. at the Hanover VFD Firehall.", "source": "https://www.observer-reporter.com/news/local-news/2026/aug/07/hanover-township-continues-starpointe-data-center-meeting/" } ] }, { "id": "plymouth-township-conshohocken-road-pa", "name": "900 Conshohocken Road data center (former Cleveland-Cliffs steel mill)", "operator": "", "owner": "Brian O'Neill (developer)", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "900 Conshohocken Road LLC", "locality": "Plymouth Township (Montgomery County)", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.11, "lon": -75.29, "size_mw": "", "acres": 66, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-17", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 0, "note": "900 Conshohocken Road LLC, an entity of developer Brian O'Neill, seeks a special exception from Plymouth Township's zoning hearing board to convert the recently closed Cleveland-Cliffs steel mill — 10 existing buildings totaling about 2 million sq ft on 66 acres along the Schuylkill River — into a data center. The Aug. 6 hearing nearly filled a 750-seat auditorium; Conshohocken Borough was granted party status while Norristown was denied. The board set a procedural-only session for Aug. 17, with testimony continuing in September; an opposition petition has topped 4,000 signatures.", "source": "https://morethanthecurve.com/almost-full-house-for-conshohocken-data-center-hearing-before-plymouth-townships-zoning-hearing-board/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-10-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Plymouth Township Planning Agency voted 4-0 not to recommend a special exception to allow a data center at 900 Conshohocken Road.", "source": "https://morethanthecurve.com/plymouth-townships-planning-agency-votes-4-0-to-not-recommend-data-center-on-conshohocken-steel-plant-site/" }, { "date": "2025-10-20", "kind": "protest", "summary": "A resident petition opposing the proposal had reached more than 400 signatures, led by Patricia Smith, citing environmental, proximity, and utility-cost concerns; the article noted the Cleveland-Cliffs mill was scheduled to close the following month.", "source": "https://www.bisnow.com/philadelphia/news/data-center-development/conshohocken-pushback-cleveland-cliffs-steel-mill-131443" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "A zoning hearing ended abruptly Monday night when the developer withdrew its application; the township solicitor said the applicant lacked legal standing because the agreement of sale had not been finalized.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/conshohocken-ai-data-center-proposal-zoning-20260505.html" }, { "date": "2026-05-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Plymouth Township announced it had received a resubmitted zoning application from an entity tied to developer Brian O'Neill seeking a special exception for a data center in the Heavy Industrial district at 900 Conshohocken Road.", "source": "https://morethanthecurve.com/zoning-application-for-data-center-at-former-steel-plant-in-conshohocken-submitted-to-plymouth-township/" }, { "date": "2026-06-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Plymouth Township Council issued a formal statement setting out its perspective on the proposed 900 Conshohocken Road data center and the zoning proceedings, and noted the public hearing set for June 25 at Colonial Middle School.", "source": "https://www.plymouthtownship.org/township-council-issues-statement-regarding-proposed-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-06-25", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The zoning hearing kicked off at Colonial Middle School focused on procedural matters; party status was granted to Plymouth Township, the property owner's representatives, nearby residents, and the Borough of Conshohocken Authority, with no testimony taken.", "source": "https://morethanthecurve.com/zoning-hearing-for-proposed-data-center-in-conshohocken-kicks-off-in-plymouth-township/" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Council Chair Lynne Viscio accused developer Brian O'Neill of bullying, saying the township would not be bullied or intimidated; O'Neill called the accusations a 'bold-faced lie,' and he challenged the validity of the township's zoning ordinance.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/conshohocken-ai-data-center-brian-oneill-king-of-prussia-20260728.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Zoning hearing board session at Colonial Middle School drew a nearly full 750-seat auditorium; the applicant's engineer began testimony comparing the data center to permitted heavy-industrial uses, and party-status requests from neighboring municipalities and residents were taken up.", "source": "https://morethanthecurve.com/almost-full-house-for-conshohocken-data-center-hearing-before-plymouth-townships-zoning-hearing-board/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "At the Zoning Hearing Board session, residents booed and cursed as a witness testified data centers resemble manufacturing; the board rejected several legal motions filed by opponents and indicated it would continue the case in September.", "source": "https://whyy.org/articles/conshohocken-data-center-plymouth-township-pushback/" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Hearing continued to Aug. 17 for procedural matters only, with no witness testimony; further testimony to be scheduled.", "source": "https://morethanthecurve.com/almost-full-house-for-conshohocken-data-center-hearing-before-plymouth-townships-zoning-hearing-board/" } ] }, { "id": "aws-salem-township-pa", "name": "AWS Salem Township campus (Susquehanna nuclear plant)", "operator": "Amazon (AWS)", "owner": "Amazon (AWS)", "tenant": "Amazon (AWS)", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Salem Township (Luzerne County)", "state": "PA", "lat": 41.06, "lon": -76.2, "size_mw": 960, "acres": "", "announced": "2025-06-09", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Proposed", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "One of two initial sites in Amazon's announced $20B+ Pennsylvania data-center investment: a campus alongside the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station nuclear plant, where majority owner Talen Energy agreed to supply 960 MW. The original behind-the-meter connection drew FERC scrutiny and was blocked in 2024. The 960 MW figure is the contracted power supply, not built capacity.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/business/amazon-data-centers-pennsylvania-20250609.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-03-06", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Talen Energy disclosed in an investor presentation that AWS acquired the 1,200-acre Cumulus data center campus co-located with the Susquehanna nuclear plant for $650 million ($350M at closing, $300M escrowed pending zoning milestones), with plans to develop up to 960 MW.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/33038288/aws-eyes-960-mw-for-newly-acquired-nuclear-power-data-center-in-pennsylvania" }, { "date": "2024-05-28", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Salem Township supervisors voted to rezone approximately 1,582 acres into a new industrial Special Data Center Overlay District, enabling AWS to build up to 15 data center buildings; the township also agreed to a 10-year LERTA tax break at a 70 percent discount for Amazon.", "source": "https://www.phillyvoice.com/amazon-pennsylvania-data-center-salem-luzerne-county/" }, { "date": "2024-06-03", "kind": "filing", "summary": "PJM Interconnection filed with FERC for an amended interconnection service agreement to increase behind-the-meter power delivery from the Susquehanna nuclear plant to the co-located AWS data center from 300 MW to 480 MW.", "source": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/ferc-interconnection-isa-talen-amazon-data-center-susquehanna-exelon/731841/" }, { "date": "2024-06-24", "kind": "filing", "summary": "American Electric Power and Exelon filed a protest with FERC challenging the amended ISA, arguing the co-location deal could shift up to $140 million in annual transmission costs onto other PJM ratepayers.", "source": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/aep-exelon-pjm-interconnection-amazon-data-center-talen-ferc-isa/719869/" }, { "date": "2024-08-23", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Talen Energy announced that the $300 million escrowed portion of the Cumulus campus purchase price was released after completion of zoning milestones allowing development of the AWS campus to 960 MW.", "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/08/26/2935361/0/en/Talen-Energy-Announces-Receipt-of-Escrowed-Funds-for-Cumulus-Data-Center-Campus-Transaction.html" }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "FERC voted 2-1 to reject the amended interconnection service agreement that would have increased behind-the-meter power from Susquehanna to the AWS data center from 300 MW to 480 MW, finding PJM failed to justify the departure from its standard agreement.", "source": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/ferc-interconnection-isa-talen-amazon-data-center-susquehanna-exelon/731841/" }, { "date": "2024-12-23", "kind": "filing", "summary": "FERC issued an order deferring Talen Energy's November 20, 2024 rehearing request on the Susquehanna ISA rejection, stating it would address the request in a future order.", "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/12/23/3001345/0/en/Talen-Energy-Statement-on-FERC-Order-Deferring-its-Request-for-Rehearing-of-Susquehanna-ISA.html" }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Talen Energy filed suit in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit challenging FERC's November 2024 order rejecting the behind-the-meter interconnection agreement for the AWS data center at Susquehanna.", "source": "https://www.eenews.net/articles/talen-energy-sues-over-fercs-rejection-of-nuclear-powered-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-04-10", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "FERC upheld its rejection of the amended interconnection service agreement between PJM and Susquehanna Nuclear on rehearing, reaffirming its November 2024 order blocking expanded behind-the-meter power sales to the AWS data center.", "source": "https://www.ans.org/news/2025-04-16/article-6937/ferc-denies-talen-amazon-agreementagain/" }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Spotlight PA reported in June 2025 that Amazon's data centers qualify for Pennsylvania's sales tax exemption on data center equipment (enacted 2016, expanded 2021), with the state projecting $43 million in lost revenue for fiscal year 2025-26; critics noted no mandatory reporting of exempt transaction costs.", "source": "https://www.spotlightpa.org/news/2025/06/amazon-data-centers-pennsylvania-tax-break-energy-grid/" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Amazon and Gov. Shapiro announced at least $20 billion for data center campuses in Pennsylvania, with initial sites in Salem Township (alongside the Susquehanna nuclear plant, with Talen Energy agreeing to provide 960 MW) and Falls Township, creating at least 1,250 permanent jobs.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/business/amazon-data-centers-pennsylvania-20250609.html" }, { "date": "2025-06-11", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Talen Energy and Amazon finalized a restructured 17-year, $18 billion power purchase agreement supplying up to 1,920 MW from Susquehanna via a grid-connected front-of-meter retail structure, bypassing the rejected behind-the-meter model; deliveries to ramp to 840-1,200 MW by 2029 and 1,680-1,920 MW by 2032.", "source": "https://www.powermag.com/talen-amazon-launch-18b-nuclear-ppa-a-grid-connected-ipp-model-for-the-data-center-era/" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "FERC argued in an October 2025 brief to the Fifth Circuit that Talen's lawsuit should be dismissed as moot because the company had already contracted to abandon the behind-the-meter co-location arrangement at issue in the appeal.", "source": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/updated-amazon-nuclear-power-deal-moots-lawsuit-ferc-argues" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "kind": "construction", "summary": "QTS (owned by Blackstone) completed acquisition of approximately 1,700 acres from 96 Salem Township landowners for over $500 million, planning a 12-to-17 building data center campus adjacent to the AWS site using water-free cooling technology.", "source": "https://pennsnortheast.com/news/article/qts-plans-580m-sustainable-data-center-in-salem-township" } ] }, { "id": "aws-falls-township-pa", "name": "AWS Falls Township campus (Keystone Trade Center)", "operator": "Amazon (AWS)", "owner": "NorthPoint Development (Keystone Trade Center)", "tenant": "Amazon (AWS)", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Falls Township (Bucks County)", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.17, "lon": -74.79, "size_mw": "", "acres": 247, "announced": "2025-06-09", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Second initial site of Amazon's $20B+ Pennsylvania investment: a data center at NorthPoint Development's Keystone Trade Center (1,800-acre former U.S. Steel Fairless Works site), including conversion of a planned 1M sq ft distribution building on a 247-acre parcel at 1 Ben Fairless Drive and a broader ~2M sq ft, 10-structure digital infrastructure campus. Falls Township supervisors approved revised preliminary/final land development plans for the data center use in March 2025.", "source": "https://www.fallstwp.com/resources/news/article/?id=10070", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-06-09", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Falls Township announced Amazon will open a data center at the NorthPoint Development Keystone Trade Center site as part of Amazon's $20 billion Pennsylvania investment, with 1,250 jobs expected locally.", "source": "https://www.fallstwp.com/resources/news/article/?id=10070" }, { "date": null, "kind": "vote", "summary": "In March 2025, Falls Township supervisors approved revised preliminary and final land development plans converting the planned Building 6 distribution center at 1 Ben Fairless Drive to data center use.", "source": "https://www.fallstwp.com/resources/news/article/?id=10070" } ] }, { "id": "social-circle-data-center-complex-ga", "name": "Social Circle data center complex (Fairplay Drive / Roy Malcom Road tracts)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Social Circle (Walton County)", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.66, "lon": -83.72, "size_mw": "", "acres": 450, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "2026-02-09", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "A data center complex assembled from three tracts totaling more than 450 acres on the southeast side of Fairplay Drive and Roy Malcom Road, from Social Circle Parkway to Hawkins Academy Road. The Social Circle Planning Commission voted unanimously at a called April 2026 meeting to recommend annexation, rezoning, special-use permitting and a future land use map change for the final 123-acre tract at 1402 Roy Malcom Road (concept plan: two buildings of about 248,600 sq ft each); the city council then approved all four requests 3-0 at a meeting reported May 1, 2026. Engineering firm Thomas & Hutton represents the property owner; project representatives say an unnamed 'end user' is already lined up and construction could begin in fall 2026.", "source": "https://www.covnews.com/news/cities/social-circle-planning-commission-recommends-latest-data-center-request/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-09-16", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Council approved a special-use permit for a data center on a 181-acre tract along Fairplay Drive at Social Circle Parkway; councilmembers deadlocked 2-2 and Mayor David Keener broke the tie in favor. At the same meeting the council imposed a moratorium on new data center requests.", "source": "https://www.covnews.com/news/cities/social-circle-planning-commission-recommends-latest-data-center-request/" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The data center moratorium ended when the council approved comprehensive new data center regulations, including noise and lighting limits, emergency drills, time limits on special-use permits, and special-use permitting even in heavy industrial zoning.", "source": "https://www.covnews.com/news/cities/social-circle-council-members-unanimously-approve-new-data-center-complex/" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Annexation, rezoning, special-use and future land use map change requests were filed for the 123-acre tract at 1402 Roy Malcom Road, the first such filing considered under the city's new data center regulations.", "source": "https://www.covnews.com/news/cities/social-circle-planning-commission-recommends-latest-data-center-request/" } ] }, { "id": "project-red-project-yellow-hood-county-tx", "name": "Project Red and Project Yellow", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "National CRE Holdings LLC; Greenland Capital LLC", "locality": "Hood County (Granbury area)", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.43, "lon": -97.83, "size_mw": "", "acres": 677, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Two proposed data center campuses covering 677 acres on the grounds of the existing Wolf Hollow power generating complex in Hood County. District Judge Bryan Bufkin of the 355th Judicial District Court granted the county's plea to the jurisdiction and dismissed with prejudice the developers' suit arguing the projects were automatically approved because the county missed a 30-day statutory deadline; the judge found the submissions did not meet the state's definition of 'development plans.' Commissioners had twice delayed voting on the projects pending more disclosure and compliance with new county development regulations. Reporting identifies National CRE Holdings LLC as a Starwood Capital Group entity and Greenland Capital LLC as the owner of MARA Holdings, which already operates two bitcoin mining sites in the county.", "source": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-07-20/hood-county-judge-dismisses-lawsuit-seeking-automatic-approval-of-proposed-data-centers", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-02-10", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Hood County Commissioners Court rejected a proposed six-month moratorium on new data center and industrial permits in a 3-2 vote; County Judge Massingill and Commissioners Andrews and Wilson voted against, Commissioners Samuelson and Eagle voted in favor.", "source": "https://texasscorecard.com/local/hood-county-rejects-citizen-pleas-for-moratorium-on-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "State Sen. Paul Bettencourt and State Rep. Jared Patterson sent a letter to Attorney General Ken Paxton shortly before the moratorium vote urging him to investigate counties seeking data center moratoriums, arguing counties lack constitutional authority to issue them.", "source": "https://texasscorecard.com/local/lawmakers-respond-to-hood-county-data-center-controversy/" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Hood County Commissioners Court rejected a second data center moratorium proposal in a 3-2 vote with the same split; commissioners voted instead to request a formal opinion from Attorney General Ken Paxton on whether the county has legal authority to enact such a ban.", "source": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-02-25/data-center-moratorium-texas-hood-county-ken-paxton" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Hood County Commissioners unanimously adopted amended Section One Development Permit Regulations requiring data center developers to demonstrate committed water resources, submit complete power generation concept plans, certify compliance with the Lone Star Infrastructure Protection Act, and limit building coverage to 10% of a property (down from 50%).", "source": "https://texasscorecard.com/local/hood-county-rejects-data-center-concept-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Hood County Commissioners unanimously voted to postpone action on the Project Red and Project Yellow concept plans pending receipt of additional information; the meeting revealed MARA Holdings' connection to both developments through a joint venture with Starwood, and residents raised concerns about environmental impacts and noise from existing MARA bitcoin mining operations.", "source": "https://texasscorecard.com/local/hood-county-commissioners-postpone-further-action-on-two-data-center-projects/" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Texas Tribune reported that Hood County faces eight proposed data center projects spanning over 7,600 acres, including the 677-acre Project Red and Project Yellow on grounds neighboring the Wolf Hollow power plants; commissioners had twice delayed voting on those two projects pending more disclosure, prompting the developers to sue claiming automatic approval.", "source": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/06/02/texas-data-centers-hood-county-local-control-rural-water-power/" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "kind": "filing", "summary": "National CRE Holdings LLC and Greenland Capital LLC filed notice of appeal of Judge Bufkin's dismissal to the Second Court of Appeals.", "source": "https://texasscorecard.com/local/data-center-developers-appeal-hood-county-judges-ruling-rejecting-automatic-approval-argument/" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "District Judge Bryan Bufkin of the 355th Judicial District Court granted Hood County's plea to the jurisdiction and dismissed with prejudice the lawsuit by National CRE Holdings LLC and Greenland Capital LLC, ruling their concept plan submissions did not meet the statutory definition of 'development plans' that would trigger automatic approval under the 30-day deadline.", "source": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-07-20/hood-county-judge-dismisses-lawsuit-seeking-automatic-approval-of-proposed-data-centers" } ] }, { "id": "vantage-frontier-shackelford-tx", "name": "Vantage Frontier", "operator": "Vantage Data Centers", "owner": "Vantage Data Centers", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Shackelford County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.73, "lon": -99.35, "size_mw": 1400, "acres": 1200, "announced": "2025-08-19", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Proposed", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Vantage Data Centers' largest campus and investment to date: a $25 billion, 1.4 GW AI campus on 1,200 acres in Shackelford County, Texas, comprising 10 data centers totaling 3.7 million square feet. Construction was already underway at announcement, with the first building scheduled for delivery in the second half of 2026 and more than 5,000 construction and operations jobs projected. Vantage says the campus uses liquid cooling with a closed-loop chiller system requiring minimal water. No tenant is identified in the announcement.", "source": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-unveils-plans-for-frontier-a-25b-mega-campus-in-texas-to-meet-unprecedented-ai-demand/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-07-21", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Shackelford County Commissioners Court unanimously approved creation of Reinvestment Zone 2025-1, accepted Vantage's Chapter 312 tax abatement application, and declared intent to enter a formal agreement providing $10 million annual payments in lieu of property taxes for 10 years, plus $150,000 annually in charitable contributions.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/new-data-center-expected-to-create-250-full-time-jobs-in-shackelford-county" }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Albany News reported that Shackelford County commissioners approved the reinvestment zone and tax abatement application at a special meeting, with the formal agreement contingent on Vantage completing its land purchase within 30 days; up to 6,500 construction workers and 250 permanent jobs with $25 million annual payroll were projected.", "source": "https://www.thealbanynews.net/news/data-center-plans-move-forward-shackelford-county" }, { "date": "2025-07-31", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KTAB Abilene reported County Judge John Viertel confirmed Vantage's $10 million annual payment deal, called it a significant uptick in the county's budget, and noted water concerns from residents regarding initial sourcing from Clear Fork Brazos River or Hubbard Creek Reservoir for the closed-circuit cooling system.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/1-200-acre-data-center-001913881.html" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Vantage unveiled Frontier, a $25 billion, 1.4 GW, 1,200-acre, 10-building AI campus in Shackelford County, Texas, with construction underway and first delivery targeted for H2 2026.", "source": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-unveils-plans-for-frontier-a-25b-mega-campus-in-texas-to-meet-unprecedented-ai-demand/" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank announced five new Stargate data center sites, identifying Shackelford County, Texas as one of three Oracle-partnered locations, as part of the $500 billion Stargate initiative targeting nearly 7 GW of new AI compute capacity.", "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/23/openai-is-building-five-new-stargate-data-centers-with-oracle-and-softbank/" }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Data Center Frontier reported the Shackelford County site as an extension of the Abilene area hosting Vantage's Frontier project, one of two Texas Stargate sites (alongside Milam County), both within ERCOT territory, as part of the push toward 10 GW total Stargate infrastructure.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/machine-learning/article/55319132/scaling-stargate-openais-five-new-us-data-centers-push-toward-10-gw-ai-infrastructure" }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "The Albany News reported the Shackelford County data center received official confirmation as the Frontier Campus for Stargate, with Oracle's Mahesh Thiagarajan stating commitment to the Shackelford County community; the campus was specified as 700 acres with 1,600+ full-time positions upon completion.", "source": "https://www.thealbanynews.net/news/shackelford-data-center-named-official-stargate-ai-campus" }, { "date": "2025-10-24", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Construction Owners reported that VoltaGrid will power the Frontier campus off-grid with 210 Jenbacher gas generators (197 prime, 13 backup) producing 700 MW in phase one, with TCEQ approval documented, representing one of the largest microgrid deployments in U.S. history.", "source": "https://www.constructionowners.com/news/oracle-and-openai-to-power-new-texas-data-center-off-the-grid" }, { "date": "2025-12-12", "kind": "permit", "summary": "VoltaGrid LLC submitted an application to TCEQ for Permit 182467, PSD Permit PSDTX1692, and GHG PSD Permit GHGPSDTX266 to construct an electric power generation facility using catalytically controlled four-stroke lean-burn engines at 299 FM 604, Abilene, Shackelford County.", "source": "https://www.tceq.texas.gov/downloads/permitting/air/bilingual/pending-permit-notices/182467-nori-english.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Vantage Data Centers held a groundbreaking ceremony for the Frontier campus in Shackelford County as part of Oracle and OpenAI's Stargate expansion, with Kiewit confirmed as general contractor and the first facility scheduled for H2 2026 delivery and full completion by 2028.", "source": "https://w.media/vantage-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-data-center-campus-in-texas/" }, { "date": "2026-05-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KTXS reported Hamby residents seeking clarity on the Frontier campus water use; resident Lacie Rivera said residents were not consulted beforehand and called for a public meeting, while the City of Abilene declined on-camera interviews despite multiple requests.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/its-a-lot-of-unanswered-questions-residents-seek-clarity-on-ai-center-water-use" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Vantage Data Centers TX307 LLC registered TDLR project TABS2026024102 for a new 398,117 sq ft data center building (Building 7) at 246 PR 1604, Abilene, Shackelford County, with an estimated cost of $1.15 billion, construction start November 2026, and completion April 2028; Kiewit listed as contractor.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Print/TABS2026024102" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KTXS reported community concerns about a second proposed data center (Project North by Bolt Data and Energy) in Shackelford County, with residents questioning whether long-term benefits outweigh costs and citing heavy truck traffic from existing Frontier construction between Abilene and Hamby.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/do-we-need-another-one-proposed-2nd-data-center-draws-concerns-in-shackelford-county" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KTXS reported County Judge Viertel responded to backlash over the second proposed data center, acknowledging residents' overall view is resistance with water as the most prominent and legitimate concern, and saying any agreement would require accountability provisions.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/brownwood/shackelford-county-judge-responds-to-backlash-over-second-proposed-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "report", "summary": "The Texas Tribune reported Governor Abbott announced a moratorium on new data center grid connections pending PUCT and ERCOT audits of over 1,800 queued projects; the freeze does not apply to data centers with on-site power generation such as Frontier's behind-the-meter microgrid.", "source": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/08/03/texas-data-center-project-audit-greg-abbott/" } ] }, { "id": "aws-madison-county-ms", "name": "AWS Madison County data center campuses", "operator": "Amazon Web Services", "owner": "Amazon", "tenant": "Amazon Web Services", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Madison County", "state": "MS", "lat": 32.63, "lon": -90.03, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "2024-01-25", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Proposed", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "AWS announced on 2024-01-25 a $10 billion investment and at least 1,000 jobs to build data center complexes in two Madison County industrial parks, then the largest capital investment in Mississippi history. On 2026-04-09 Amazon announced an additional $11 billion Madison County expansion and 700 more jobs, part of a $25 billion statewide total (also covering $3 billion in Warren County/Vicksburg and $1 billion at the former Delphi plant in Clinton, Hinds County) and more than 2,000 jobs. No per-campus megawatt or acreage figure is given in the sources fetched.", "source": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/amazon-continues-mississippi-expansion-announcing-plans-to-invest-a-total-of-25-billion-across-the-magnolia-state/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-01-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Mississippi Development Authority announced AWS would invest $10 billion to establish data center complexes in two Madison County industrial parks, creating at least 1,000 jobs.", "source": "https://mississippi.org/news/amazon-web-services-to-invest-record-shattering-10-billion/" }, { "date": "2026-04-09", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Tate Reeves announced Amazon would add $11 billion and 700 jobs in Madison County, bringing Amazon's planned Mississippi investment to $25 billion and 2,000+ jobs.", "source": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/amazon-continues-mississippi-expansion-announcing-plans-to-invest-a-total-of-25-billion-across-the-magnolia-state/" } ] }, { "id": "monticello-tech-monticello-mn", "name": "Monticello Tech data center campus", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Monticello Tech", "locality": "Monticello (Wright County)", "state": "MN", "lat": 45.31, "lon": -93.79, "size_mw": "", "acres": 547, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "2026-07-07", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "In review", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Monticello Tech, led by Frattalone Companies CEO Nick Frattalone, filed a land-use application with the City of Monticello, Minnesota on 2026-07-07 seeking rezoning to a Data Center Planned Unit Development district plus preliminary plat and conditional use permit approvals for a site south of 85th Street NE and east of Highway 25. The application describes 547 acres (364 developable), up to 3 million sq ft, as many as 8 principal buildings, about 75,000 gallons/day of water, and a connection to Xcel Energy's 345 kV system; the developer projects about $7 million in annual property tax at full buildout, with construction possibly starting Q1 2028. The eventual operator is not identified. City staff had until 2026-08-21 to determine whether the application is complete; Minnesota law then allows a 60-day review, extendable to 120 days.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/monticello-tech-data-center-proposal-comes-into-focus/article_b494d885-bf62-477f-bbdf-d2de13154a2d.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-08-19", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Monticello Planning Commission opened a public hearing on a proposed data center zoning ordinance (DCPUD) at the Mississippi Room of the Monticello Community Center, drawing large crowds.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/future-of-data-centers-fuels-debate/article_2c3cd0dd-7fe5-475d-8968-2b007c0c25cf.html" }, { "date": "2025-09-02", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Monticello Planning Commission held a continued public hearing on the DCPUD zoning ordinance; the hearing closed without a vote and the ordinance was tabled.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/future-of-data-centers-fuels-debate/article_2c3cd0dd-7fe5-475d-8968-2b007c0c25cf.html" }, { "date": "2025-11-01", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "In November 2025, the City of Monticello published the Draft Alternative Urban Areawide Review (AUAR) for a 550-acre industrial area and opened a 30-day public comment period running November 18 through December 18, 2025.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/what-monticello-s-adopted-auar-actually-says/article_738f12be-2c47-4844-bca2-04d1f7369f50.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Monticello City Council unanimously adopted the Final AUAR and Mitigation Plan for the 550-acre Monticello Industrial area, covering two development scenarios including a 3-million-square-foot technology campus.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/council-adopts-auar-planning-study-for-possible-data-center/article_df3d6460-7c9e-442d-b460-f1d3585d63cc.html" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Monticello Planning Commission unanimously recommended approval of the DCPUD (Data Center Planned Unit Development) zoning ordinance to the City Council.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/data-center-debate-enters-next-phase-in-monticello/article_6d6960fc-0d4b-4814-be7c-0832496d10f8.html" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "The Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy (MCEA) filed suit in Wright County District Court (Case No. 86-CV-26-1130) against the City of Monticello and Monticello Tech LLC, challenging the adequacy of the AUAR environmental review.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/environmental-group-files-lawsuit-challenging-monticello-data-center-review/article_d5ffa609-757b-485d-b8b4-ef8e3ead2694.html" }, { "date": "2026-03-08", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Close to 500 Monticello residents gathered at a local park to sign a statutory citizen petition seeking additional environmental review of the proposed Monticello Tech data center project.", "source": "https://www.fox9.com/news/monticello-residents-rally-against-proposed-data-centers-march-2026" }, { "date": "2026-04-27", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Monticello City Council approved the DCPUD zoning ordinance in a 4-1 vote, establishing setback, screening, infrastructure, and environmental standards for data center development; Council Member Charlotte Gabler cast the sole dissenting vote.", "source": "https://krwc1360.com/monticello-city-council-approves-ordinance-providing-guidelines-for-potential-data-center-development/" }, { "date": "2026-04-28", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "MPR News reported on the newly approved Monticello DCPUD ordinance, noting data centers face new restrictions while the ordinance opens the door to building in Monticello.", "source": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/04/28/monticello-ordinance-data-centers-face-new-restrictions-open-door-to-building" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Wright County District Court Judge Suzanne Bollman issued a scheduling order in the MCEA v. Monticello lawsuit, setting discovery to conclude by October 15, 2026 and a pretrial conference for December 29, 2026.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/judge-sets-timeline-in-monticello-data-center-lawsuit/article_a681759f-9fbb-4717-b4aa-f15583f7ecb3.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Monticello Times reported that Monticello Tech was targeting a July application for its proposed data center site, with the city confirming no formal application had yet been submitted and pre-application discussions were ongoing.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/monticello-tech-eyes-july-application-for-proposed-data-center-site/article_e5557e00-cf36-48f4-80ab-7ff0bab30ea5.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-07", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Monticello Tech submitted its formal data center application to the City of Monticello, Minnesota, ahead of the Planning Commission's tentative Aug. 4 agenda.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/monticello-tech-submits-data-center-application/article_6ab432e3-3863-4b4b-b61d-b2b3c61f74b5.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The City of Monticello issued a nine-page letter deeming Monticello Tech's July 6 land-use applications incomplete, citing inconsistencies in applicant information, missing survey certifications, incomplete project narratives, and absent engineering and environmental documentation.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/monticello-tech-data-center-application-deemed-incomplete-by-city/article_47789552-a5f5-41f2-9b01-4e7cfa79d820.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Monticello Tech submitted a revised application with hundreds of pages of engineering plans and technical studies, detailing a 547-acre campus (364 acres developable) with up to 3 million sq ft across eight buildings, air-cooled design using approximately 75,000 gallons of water daily, and an estimated $73.5 million in infrastructure costs funded by the developer.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/monticello_times/monticello-tech-data-center-proposal-comes-into-focus/article_b494d885-bf62-477f-bbdf-d2de13154a2d.html" } ] }, { "id": "antelope-data-campus-iron-county-ut", "name": "Antelope Data Campus (Project Antelope)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Pronghorn Development LLC", "locality": "Iron County (near Cedar City)", "state": "UT", "lat": 37.68, "lon": -113.06, "size_mw": "", "acres": 640, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-06-04", "decided_date": "2026-06-04", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Iron County Planning Commission unanimously approved a conditional use permit on 2026-06-04 for Pronghorn Development LLC's five-building campus (up to 6.75M sq ft, with an on-site natural gas plant of up to 1.5 GW) on 640 acres along Antelope Springs Road, about 8 miles west of Cedar City, with 62 conditions covering water rights, wastewater, noise, lighting and site restoration. The application was vested before a county moratorium on new data center applications adopted the month prior; additional permits are still required before construction. Buildout is proposed in phases over 8-10 years.", "source": "https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/planning-commission-approves-conditional-use-permit-for-proposed-iron-county-data-center/article_0a818ae9-8496-4e3e-87e0-53a09ee256c5.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-03-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Iron County Planning Commission held a public hearing in March 2025 on proposed Ordinance 2025-4, which would add Chapter 17.37 to the county land use code and amend the Table of Uses and Definitions to create provisions for permitting data centers.", "source": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1240381.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Iron County Planning Commission held a public hearing on April 3, 2025 at Festival Hall in Parowan to receive public comment on proposed data center zoning amendments (Ordinance 2025-4).", "source": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1249719.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-11-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Pronghorn Development LLC submitted a conditional use permit application in November 2025 for the 640-acre Antelope Data Campus, months after the county amended its zoning ordinance to allow data centers.", "source": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51507699/iron-county-planning-commission-approves-conditional-use-permit-for-antelope-data-campus" }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "kind": "public-comment", "summary": "Iron County posted a public notice for a conditional use permit for a data center and data center power plant on 640 acres, scheduling a Planning Commission informational session for March 5 at Festival Hall in Cedar City (no action to be taken).", "source": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/sitemap/notice/1061399.html" }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "SUU News reported growing resident concerns ahead of the March 5 hearing, citing drought fears, potential utility price increases, and loss of farmland from the proposed 640-acre data center.", "source": "https://suunews.net/2026/03/04/residents-concerned-as-iron-county-proposes-to-build-an-ai-data-center-in-iron-county/" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Approximately 350 residents packed Festival Hall in Cedar City for a Planning Commission hearing on the Antelope Data Center; over three hours of public comment were heard, with only one of more than 15 speakers expressing support, and concerns focused on water, air quality, noise, and wildlife.", "source": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51463149/planning-commission-considers-ai-data-center-near-cedar-city" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KUTV reported the Antelope Data Center could bring 670 direct jobs and reduce Iron County property tax rates by approximately 55%; Commissioner Mike Bleak said he shifted from skepticism to support after touring existing facilities.", "source": "https://kutv.com/news/local/proposed-ai-data-center-could-bring-670-jobs-to-cedar-city-area" }, { "date": "2026-04-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Baxtel reported plans had emerged for the 640-acre Antelope Data Center with five buildings totaling 1.35 million sq ft and an on-site 1.5 GW natural gas power plant; no formal action or public hearing occurred at a late-March Planning Commission meeting.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/news/plans-emerge-for-640-acre-data-center-in-iron-county-utah" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "Iron County Commission adopted a 180-day moratorium (Ordinance 2026-13) on new data center, power plant, and solar plant applications to review zoning regulations; the existing Pronghorn application was exempted because it had already been deemed complete.", "source": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51503330/iron-county-presses-pause-on-new-ai-data-center-proposals-to-review-current-regulations" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KJZZ reported the Antelope Data Center faced an uncertain path ahead of the June 4 Planning Commission vote; the commission could approve, deny, modify conditions, or continue the item, and Commissioner Bleak noted the project could still be several years from breaking ground.", "source": "https://kjzz.com/news/local/antelope-data-center-faces-uncertain-path-at-thursday-meeting" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Iron County Planning Commission unanimously approved a conditional use permit for the Antelope Data Campus with 62 conditions; the application was vested under existing ordinance ahead of the county's data center moratorium.", "source": "https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/planning-commission-approves-conditional-use-permit-for-proposed-iron-county-data-center/article_0a818ae9-8496-4e3e-87e0-53a09ee256c5.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-05", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Utah Public Radio reported the Iron County Planning Commission unanimously approved the data center's conditional permit one week after the county paused all new applications; construction is planned over 8 to 10 years, and a 480-page impact report is publicly available.", "source": "https://www.upr.org/utah-news/2026-06-05/iron-county-cedar-city-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-06-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Salt Lake Tribune reported the Iron County Planning Commission approved the conditional use permit for the Antelope Data Center, which would include a 1.5-gigawatt natural gas power plant approximately 15 miles northwest of Cedar City.", "source": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/06/06/iron-county-planning-commission/" }, { "date": "2026-06-07", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KSL reported the unanimous approval of the Antelope Data Campus CUP for up to five buildings on 640 acres with phased construction over 8-10 years; Pronghorn Development stated the permit 'validates the trust we've built with our neighbors.'", "source": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51507699/iron-county-planning-commission-approves-conditional-use-permit-for-antelope-data-campus" }, { "date": "2026-06-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Iron County Today reported the approval followed months of debate and a packed March public hearing; conditions included dozens of protections, and Planning Commission Chair Erick Cox said they did their 'very best to protect the people in Iron County.'", "source": "https://ironcountytoday.com/2026/06/08/after-months-of-debate-antelope-data-center-moves-forward-in-southern-utah/" }, { "date": "2026-06-10", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Pronghorn Development issued a press release via Utah Policy announcing it secured the conditional use permit for the 1.5 GW Antelope Data Campus, projecting thousands of construction jobs, hundreds of permanent positions, and billions in economic impact.", "source": "https://utahpolicy.com/news-release/77674-pronghorn-development-secures-conditional-use-permit-for-antelope-data-campus-in-iron-county" }, { "date": "2026-06-10", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Spectrum & Daily News (SUNews) reported the approval cleared a major hurdle but noted additional permits and regulatory approvals are still required before construction can begin; Governor Cox's Executive Order 2026-03 was signed days before the June 4 vote.", "source": "https://www.sunews.net/post/cedar-city-area-data-center-clears-major-hurdle-amid-statewide-debate" } ] }, { "id": "stratos-box-elder-ut", "name": "Stratos", "operator": "O'Leary Digital", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Box Elder County (near Brigham City)", "state": "UT", "lat": 41.51, "lon": -112.02, "size_mw": 1100, "acres": 40000, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "O'Leary Digital, chaired by Kevin O'Leary, proposes the Stratos campus in unincorporated Box Elder County near Brigham City: eleven 100 MW data center buildings plus a 7.5-9 GW natural gas plant and a 500 MW solar array on roughly 40,000 acres across three sites. Renderings were released 2026-05-19; the county commission approved an interlocal agreement with the Military Installation Development Authority in early May 2026. State environmental permitting could take about two years, with a 30-day public comment period and hearing required, and over 40 protests have been filed on its water rights application.", "source": "https://www.eastidahonews.com/2026/05/renderings-show-vision-for-massive-data-center-proposed-in-utah-but-permits-could-take-years/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-04-24", "kind": "vote", "summary": "MIDA's board of directors approved four resolutions and a tax ordinance creating the Stratos Project Area, before Box Elder County had formally consented; critics later alleged MIDA also signed a development agreement the same morning.", "source": "https://www.fox13now.com/news/local-news/box-elder-county/mida-violated-state-law-in-approval-process-of-box-elder-county-data-center-group-claims" }, { "date": "2026-05-04", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Box Elder County Commission approved Resolutions 26-11 and 26-12 consenting to the MIDA Stratos Project Area and an interlocal agreement, at a contentious meeting at the county fairgrounds in Tremonton with hundreds of opponents present and sheriff's deputies controlling the crowd.", "source": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/05/04/utah-data-center-final-vote-box/" }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "The holder of an 1904-vintage water right withdrew a change application seeking to convert 1,900 acre-feet from agricultural to industrial use for the Stratos project, after more than 3,700 formal protests were filed at $15 each; the developer stated it fully intends to refile.", "source": "https://www.kuer.org/business-economy/2026-05-06/utah-project-stratos-box-elder-data-center-water-rights-protest" }, { "date": "2026-05-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Utah House Speaker Mike Schultz said he did not attend the meeting Kevin O'Leary described on Fox News and only learned of the project in early April 2026; the Deseret News reported the project's estimated cost exceeds $100 billion.", "source": "https://www.deseret.com/utah/2026/05/12/everything-about-utah-stratos-project-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-05-14", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Approximately 400 to 500 people rallied at the Utah Capitol against the Stratos project, delivering an opposition letter signed by over 7,500 people calling on Governor Cox, House Speaker Schultz, and Senate President Adams to order independent water and fiscal studies.", "source": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51497801/hundreds-gather-at-capitol-to-rally-against-box-elder-data-center-proposal" }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Grist reported the project would raise Utah's carbon emissions by 64 percent and that a physics professor calculated 16 gigawatts of waste heat could spike Hansel Valley nighttime temperatures by as much as 28 degrees Fahrenheit.", "source": "https://grist.org/business/utah-data-center-salt-lake-hyperscale-box-elder/" }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "O'Leary Digital released renderings of the proposed Stratos campus in Box Elder County; state environmental approvals were estimated at roughly two years, with air monitoring required for one year before a permit application.", "source": "https://www.eastidahonews.com/2026/05/renderings-show-vision-for-massive-data-center-proposed-in-utah-but-permits-could-take-years/" }, { "date": "2026-05-23", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Hundreds of Utahns rallied at the state Capitol a second time demanding a halt to the Box Elder data center plan, calling on state leaders to protect water, air, and land.", "source": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/05/23/kevin-olearys-proposed-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "kind": "denial", "summary": "Box Elder County Attorney Stephen Hadfield rejected three referendum applications challenging the May 4 commission vote, ruling the resolutions were irrevocable administrative actions rather than newly created laws and thus not referable to voters.", "source": "https://www.kuer.org/politics-government/2026-05-28/box-elder-county-rejects-data-center-referendums-but-opponents-arent-giving-up" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Governor Spencer Cox declared the Stratos project will 'never' run solely on natural gas, stating the first phase would use gas but subsequent phases should use nuclear, geothermal, and solar power.", "source": "https://grist.org/accountability/data-center-natural-gas-utah-cox-box-elder-stratos/" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Alliance for a Better Utah and five Box Elder County residents filed suit in Utah's 3rd District Court challenging MIDA's constitutionality and seeking to void the Stratos approval, also alleging Senate President Adams had a conflict of interest from a $135,000 PAC donation.", "source": "https://betterutah.org/alliance-for-a-better-utah-box-elder-county-residents-file-lawsuit-against-midas-approval-of-the-stratos-data-center-project/" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Box Elder Accountability Referendum (BEAR) filed an appeal in Utah 1st District Court in Brigham City challenging the county attorney's rejection of referendum applications on Resolutions 26-11 and 26-12, arguing the approvals were legislative acts subject to voter referendum.", "source": "https://www.cachevalleydaily.com/news/stratos-project-opponents-file-promised-referendum-appeal-with-utah-first-district-court/article_d89e1640-d5cb-4ad6-814a-b90a9fec4c11.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "O'Leary agreed to cut the project area from roughly 40,000 acres to 20,000 acres, removing the Locomotive Springs and I-84 parcels and keeping only the Hansel Valley parcel, with 10,000 acres designated as open space.", "source": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51506884/kevin-oleary-agrees-to-cut-box-elder-county-data-center-project-area-in-half" }, { "date": "2026-06-10", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "Box Elder County commissioners unanimously approved a 180-day moratorium on new data centers and power plants on unincorporated land, but explicitly exempted the Stratos project whose land-use authority had been transferred to MIDA for 50 years.", "source": "https://www.upr.org/utah-news/2026-06-17/box-elder-data-center-moratorium-stratos" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Kevin O'Leary said design work on the Stratos data center is 'full steam ahead' while MIDA remains on 'pause' awaiting permit requests for the project.", "source": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/07/29/oleary-box-elder-county-data/" } ] }, { "id": "qts-cedar-rapids-ia", "name": "QTS Cedar Rapids Data Center Campus", "operator": "QTS Data Centers", "owner": "Blackstone", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "QTS Cedar Rapids LLC", "locality": "Cedar Rapids (Linn County)", "state": "IA", "lat": 41.98, "lon": -91.67, "size_mw": "", "acres": 612, "announced": "2025-02-12", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2025-01-28", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "QTS (a Blackstone portfolio company) is building a seven-building campus on 612 acres of Alliant Energy's Big Cedar Industrial Center; the Cedar Rapids City Council approved the development agreement with QTS Cedar Rapids LLC on 2025-01-28 with a minimum $750M investment, later announced by QTS as a $10B campus. The agreement includes up to $18M over 20 years to a Community Betterment Fund, tax increment financing rebates, and water-free cooling; the development agreement requires construction to begin within three years and finish within six.", "source": "https://cedar-rapids.org/news_detail_T6_R2180.php", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-01-28", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Cedar Rapids City Council approved a development agreement with QTS Cedar Rapids LLC for a minimum $750 million data center on 612 acres of the Big Cedar Industrial Center.", "source": "https://www.kcrg.com/2025/02/13/qts-build-data-center-cedar-rapids/" }, { "date": "2025-02-12", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "The City of Cedar Rapids, Alliant Energy and QTS announced the data center campus, described by the mayor as the largest economic development investment in the city's history.", "source": "https://cedar-rapids.org/news_detail_T6_R2180.php" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "QTS announced the Cedar Rapids campus as a $10 billion, seven-building development with water-free cooling and carbon-free energy sourcing in partnership with Alliant Energy.", "source": "https://q.com/news/qts-announces-new-world-class-data-center-campus-in-cedar-rapids/" } ] }, { "id": "red-oak-compass-campus", "name": "Compass Datacenters Red Oak campus", "operator": "Compass Datacenters", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Red Oak (Ellis County)", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.52, "lon": -96.8, "size_mw": "", "acres": 830, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-05-11", "decided_date": "2026-05-12", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Red Oak City Council voted 4-1 to rezone ~830 acres of agricultural land ~20 miles south of Dallas to a planned development for a Compass data center campus of nearly a dozen buildings plus substations, after a marathon May 11 meeting that ran past midnight with 150+ residents present and ~1,600 petition signatures against; the planning and zoning board had recommended denial in late April. Conditions include lighting shields, decibel limits, a cryptocurrency-mining ban, closed-loop cooling with no city water draw, and $72 million in electric grid reinforcements; a 10-year, $2.82 million tax abatement passed on a separate 4-1 vote.", "source": "https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/red-oak-data-center-meets-community-resistance-40674118/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2020-01-29", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Compass Datacenters announced it purchased 225 acres in Red Oak, Texas for a second Dallas-area campus capable of delivering 350+ MW of IT load, with a 6 MW facility scheduled for Q2 2020 delivery.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/compass-datacenters-adds-second-dallas-area-campus-300994816.html" }, { "date": "2023-05-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Compass Datacenters acquired 375 additional acres of vacant agricultural land in Red Oak, with plans to construct up to sixteen buildings on the new property, which a broker called potentially one of the largest campuses in the country.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/news/acquisition-of-375-acres-in-red-oak-texas-by-compass-datacenters" }, { "date": "2023-11-05", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Ellis County and the City of Red Oak partnered with Compass Datacenters on a tax abatement for Phase 2 construction of the Red Oak campus, which would double production capacity.", "source": "https://www.focusdailynews.com/county-partners-with-compass-datacenters-for-phase-2-construction-of-red-oak-campus/" }, { "date": "2023-11-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Schneider Electric and Compass Datacenters announced a $3 billion five-year partnership to manufacture prefabricated modular data centers, including a 110,000 sq ft integration facility to be built adjacent to the Red Oak campus.", "source": "https://www.manufacturingdive.com/news/schneider-electric-compass-datacenters-expand-partnership/699594/" }, { "date": "2024-06-20", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Schneider Electric held a ribbon cutting for its 105,000 sq ft data center integration facility adjacent to the Compass Red Oak campus, expected to create over 200 jobs and produce 240 power centers in 2025.", "source": "https://www.elliscountypress.com/news/compass-datacenter-holds-ribbon-cutting-ceremony" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Compass Datacenters secured a $326 million refinancing (maturing 2050) on five fully leased hyperscale data centers at its Red Oak campus totaling 180 MW, with three additional facilities planned at a combined $300 million construction budget.", "source": "https://www.connectcre.com/stories/compass-datacenters-lands-refi-on-5-red-oak-facilities-to-add-three-more/" }, { "date": "2026-04-27", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Red Oak's Planning and Zoning Commission voted 3-2 to recommend denial of the rezoning request for the proposed 830-acre Compass data center campus after a lengthy hearing with large community turnout.", "source": "https://www.elliscountypress.com/news/red-oak-rezones-land-data-center-campus-despite-protests" }, { "date": "2026-05-11", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Over 150 residents packed Red Oak City Hall (capacity 136, with 70+ waiting outside) for a marathon council meeting on the 830-acre Compass rezoning; public comment ran past 10 p.m. and the meeting lasted nearly five hours.", "source": "https://www.audacy.com/krld/news/local/red-oak-residents-pack-city-council-meeting-to-protest-proposed-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-05-12", "kind": "vote", "summary": "City council approved the rezoning 4-1 around midnight following the May 11 meeting, with a separate 4-1 vote approving a tax abatement; over 150 residents attended and the council held an hour-long executive session before voting.", "source": "https://www.fox4news.com/news/red-oak-data-center-city-council-protest" }, { "date": "2026-05-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KERA reported that on the same day Red Oak approved the Compass rezoning, Somervell County commissioners voted unanimously on a non-binding resolution to restrict future data centers, highlighting a regional divide over data center growth.", "source": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-05-12/oppose-expand-votes-in-2-north-texas-communities-highlight-a-divide-over-data-center-growth" }, { "date": "2026-05-26", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "At least eight Red Oak residents received code violation notices for posting 'No Data Center' yard signs; after CBS Texas coverage, the city acknowledged citing the wrong code and closed all related cases.", "source": "https://www.cbsnews.com/texas/news/red-oak-yard-sign-dispute-data-center-opposition/" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Compass Datacenters announced a $15 million commitment to build a new Ellis County animal shelter, calling itself a '100-year neighbor'; the grant requires approval by the Ellis County Commissioners Court.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/compass-datacenters-commits-15-million-to-build-new-ellis-county-animal-shelter-answering-the-communitys-urgent-call-302787879.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "Compass Datacenters withdrew its county tax abatement request for the proposed 890-acre Red Oak property before the June 23 Ellis County Commissioners Court meeting, with CEO Chris Crosby citing growing community 'noise' around the project.", "source": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-07-06/data-center-developer-compass-ellis-county-animal-shelter-pushback" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Compass Datacenters and Texas State Technical College held a ribbon cutting for a $12.6 million, 40,000 sq ft training facility on the Red Oak campus for the MEI Data Center Pathway Program, a 12-week curriculum for career changers.", "source": "https://www.compassdatacenters.com/news/compass-datacenters-donates-training-facility-to-texas-state-technical-college/" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Waxahachie Sun reported that the nonprofit Say NO MORE Data Centers (rebranding as Save Our Red Oak) is financing a legal challenge to Red Oak data centers through car show fundraisers and has retained legal counsel.", "source": "https://www.waxahachiesun.com/news/red-oak-nonprofit-finances-legal-challenge-to-data-centers-with-car-shows/article_c1103834-b121-4f63-90da-465feb16cbe4.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "CRE Daily reported Red Oak has seven data center sites at various stages with a projected $13 billion total investment expected to quadruple the city's taxable land value; Google, Compass, and DataBank each received 10-year tax breaks.", "source": "https://www.credaily.com/briefs/red-oak-faces-data-center-boom-amid-resident-backlash/" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "NBC DFW reported Red Oak residents are petitioning the state for a data center moratorium and that the Texas Senate Finance Committee examined tax incentives and oversight of the state's 138 data centers.", "source": "https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/red-oak-residents-renew-opposition-as-texas-reviews-data-center-boom/4054858/" } ] }, { "id": "bastrop-bcg-cedar-creek-campus", "name": "BCG Cedar Creek Campus", "operator": "BlackChamber Group", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Black Chamber Partners", "locality": "Cedar Creek (Bastrop County)", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.09, "lon": -97.5, "size_mw": "", "acres": 2842, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-24", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 7, "note": "Black Chamber Partners (a BlackChamber Group affiliate) and co-developer Pacifico Energy plan a 2,842-acre data center campus at 382 Earl Callahan Road near Cedar Creek with a 710 MW gas-fired energy facility, a ~$2.2 billion investment with two 100% county tax-abatement applications under review; construction is estimated for September 2026 through October 2028. Neighboring property owners filed motions July 20 asking TCEQ to overturn two construction stormwater permits issued in mid-July.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/bastrop-cedar-creek/government/bastrop-county-residents-challenge-tceq-data-center-permits-as-officials-table-request-for-more-authority/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-06-18", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Pacifico's engineer submitted two mass-grading permit applications to Bastrop County (one for the data center campus, one for the power facility), both in preliminary review.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/bastrop-cedar-creek/business/new-22b-cedar-creek-data-center-project-abatements-under-review/" }, { "date": "2026-06-24", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Pacifico Cedar Creek LLC filed an application with the Texas Comptroller for a JETI (Jobs, Energy, Technology and Innovation Act) agreement, listing a $2.2 billion investment, 25 permanent jobs and $6.2 million in annual payroll.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/bastrop-cedar-creek/business/new-22b-cedar-creek-data-center-project-abatements-under-review/" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Community Impact published its first detailed report on the proposed 2,842-acre, $2.2 billion Cedar Creek data center and 710 MW gas power campus near Earl Callahan Road, with two 100% county tax-abatement applications under review.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/bastrop-cedar-creek/business/new-22b-cedar-creek-data-center-project-abatements-under-review/" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Neighboring property owners (the Jenkins and Lewis families) filed motions asking TCEQ to overturn two construction stormwater permits issued to Black Chamber and Pacifico Energy for the BCG Cedar Creek Campus.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/bastrop-cedar-creek/government/bastrop-county-residents-challenge-tceq-data-center-permits-as-officials-table-request-for-more-authority/" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "protest", "summary": "More than 100 residents attended a town hall at Bastrop's Hampton Inn and Suites, organized by the League of Independent Voters of Texas, calling for guardrails on data center development including the Cedar Creek projects; attorney Nick Lealos proposed a 'Bastrop Bill of Rights' framework.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/bastrop-cedar-creek/government/bastrop-county-residents-organize-for-data-center-transparency-local-guardrails/" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A Bastrop County Commissioners Court public hearing was scheduled on proposed tax-abatement guidelines that would require companies to disclose environmental impacts and create at least 25 local jobs.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/bastrop-cedar-creek/government/bastrop-county-residents-organize-for-data-center-transparency-local-guardrails/" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Cool Down published a national report on bipartisan backlash against AI data centers in Bastrop County, noting Texas has overtaken Virginia as the world's largest data center market, with over 700 facilities potentially added in the next decade.", "source": "https://www.thecooldown.com/green-tech/ai-data-centers-bastrop-county-residents-concerns/" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Elgin Courier reported on the community-led town hall calling for greater data center oversight in Bastrop County, noting that the Pacifico Energy data center proposal remained under county review alongside the EdgeConneX campuses.", "source": "https://www.elgincourier.com/article/4795,community-led-town-hall-calls-for-data-center-oversight" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Bastrop County commissioners tabled a resolution requesting expanded county authority over large-scale industrial projects; it returns at the Aug 24 meeting, 9 a.m., Bastrop County Courthouse.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/bastrop-cedar-creek/government/bastrop-county-residents-challenge-tceq-data-center-permits-as-officials-table-request-for-more-authority/" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Community Impact reported that the Black Chamber stormwater permit lists an estimated construction period of September 1, 2026 through October 1, 2028 for the 304-acre BCG Cedar Creek Campus portion of the 2,842-acre development, and that TCEQ generally has 45 days to act on the motions to overturn or they are denied by default.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/bastrop-cedar-creek/government/bastrop-county-residents-challenge-tceq-data-center-permits-as-officials-table-request-for-more-authority/" } ] }, { "id": "amazon-fort-stockton-pecos", "name": "Amazon Fort Stockton campus", "operator": "Amazon Web Services", "owner": "Amazon", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Amazon Data Services", "locality": "Fort Stockton (Pecos County)", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.89, "lon": -102.88, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Amazon Data Services filed TDLR registrations for three data center buildings (A, B, C; 189,060 sq ft and ~$300 million each) at a site 11 miles north of Fort Stockton, with construction scheduled August-December 2026, part of an August 2026 filing wave totaling 16 buildings and at least $4.8 billion across Fort Stockton, Floydada, and Amazon's existing Boling (Wharton County) campus. Amazon confirmed it is financing the GW Ranch gas plant being developed by Pacifico Energy in Pecos County (35 turbines, 7.65 GW) to power the campus; its permitted emissions of over 30 million metric tonnes of GHG per year would exceed any single source currently operating in the US.", "source": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/texas/amazon-files-plans-for-new-data-center-buildings-in-texas-across-three-sites", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-08-20", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Pacifico Energy announced the GW Ranch project, an off-grid power generation campus on 8,000+ acres in Pecos County combining natural gas turbines and battery storage to deliver 5 GW for hyperscale data centers, with 1 GW targeted for 2028 and full capacity by 2030.", "source": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/pacifico-energy-announces-gw-ranch-130000590.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Pacifico Energy announced it secured a TCEQ air permit for 7.65 GW of gas-fired power generation at GW Ranch, described as the largest air permit granted in the United States, with Phase 1 to deliver 1 GW in the first half of 2027.", "source": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/pacifico-energy-secures-7-65-120000106.html" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Big Bend Sentinel reported a massive AI data center campus coming to Pecos County on Highway 18 north of Fort Stockton, with Pecos County Judge Joe Shuster and Economic Development Director Remie Ramos expressing support for the project's economic benefits.", "source": "https://bigbendsentinel.com/2026/02/04/massive-ai-data-center-coming-to-pecos-county/" }, { "date": "2026-06-22", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Pecos County Commissioners Court held a public hearing to designate and establish the GW Ranch Reinvestment Zone under Texas Tax Code Chapter 312 and considered approving a tax abatement agreement with Pacifico GW LLC.", "source": "https://www.co.pecos.tx.us/commissioners-court-regular-session-agenda-6222026/" }, { "date": "2026-07-24", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Airbus satellite imagery captured on this date showed land clearing already underway at the GW Ranch site north of Fort Stockton, as reported by Cleanview on August 7.", "source": "https://www.distilled.earth/p/scoop-amazon-is-behind-one-of-the" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Greg Abbott announced a moratorium on new data center approvals pending an ERCOT and PUCT audit of energy, water, and community impacts; off-grid projects like Amazon's Pecos County campus were noted as largely unaffected since they bypass grid interconnection.", "source": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/08/03/texas-data-center-project-audit-greg-abbott/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "RFD-TV reported that Floyd County commissioners plan to use a Chapter 312 tax abatement agreement to impose conditions on a proposed Amazon data center campus valued at over $1 billion in Floydada, part of the same August 2026 Amazon filing wave that includes the Fort Stockton campus.", "source": "https://www.rfdtv.com/texas-county-uses-tax-incentives-to-steer-data-center-development" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Amazon Data Services' TDLR filings for three 189,060 sq ft, ~$300M data center buildings 11 miles north of Fort Stockton were reported, with construction scheduled August-December 2026.", "source": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/texas/amazon-files-plans-for-new-data-center-buildings-in-texas-across-three-sites" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The New Republic reported that Amazon's GW Ranch gas plant in Pecos County, permitted for 33 million tons of CO2 annually, would be the biggest single pollution source in the United States, exceeding the nation's largest coal power plant.", "source": "https://newrepublic.com/post/214111/amazon-data-center-biggest-pollution-source-entire-country" }, { "date": "2026-08-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Amazon confirmed it is financing the 7.65 GW, 35-turbine GW Ranch gas plant (developer Pacifico Energy) in Pecos County to power its new data center campus there, per reporting on Cleanview's analysis connecting Amazon's construction permits to the plant.", "source": "https://techxplore.com/news/2026-08-amazon-massive-private-gas-centers.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The San Antonio Current reported the Amazon campus on 8,400 acres along Highway 18, approximately 17 miles north of Fort Stockton, could become the nation's largest polluter, noting concerns about proximity to Big Bend National Park and Amazon's net-zero 2040 pledge.", "source": "https://www.sacurrent.com/news/texas-news/amazons-new-texas-data-center-campus-could-become-nations-largest-polluter/" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "E&E News by Politico reported on Amazon's off-grid gas plant in Pecos County, quoting Environment Texas executive director Luke Metzger warning that data centers will 'build gas plants and increase climate and local air pollution' rather than using cleaner grid electricity.", "source": "https://www.eenews.net/articles/amazon-to-run-west-texas-data-center-on-massive-gas-plant-2/" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Fort Stockton Pioneer published a report on community debate over the data center proposal's impact on Fort Stockton land, water, and future growth.", "source": "https://www.fortstocktonpioneer.com/news/data-center-proposal-sparks-debate-over-fort-stockton-land-water-and-future-growth" } ] }, { "id": "amazon-floydada-floyd", "name": "Amazon Floydada campus", "operator": "Amazon Web Services", "owner": "Amazon", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Amazon Data Services", "locality": "Floydada (Floyd County)", "state": "TX", "lat": 33.98, "lon": -101.34, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Amazon Data Services filed TDLR registrations for three data center buildings (B, C, D; 189,060 sq ft and ~$300 million each) near Floydada, about 45 miles northeast of Lubbock, with construction planned August 2026 through April 2027. The filings were part of an August 2026 wave totaling 16 buildings and at least $4.8 billion across Floydada, a new Fort Stockton (Pecos County) campus, and six added buildings at Amazon's existing Boling (Wharton County) campus.", "source": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/texas/amazon-files-plans-for-new-data-center-buildings-in-texas-across-three-sites", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "All Ag News reported that Floyd County commissioners plan to use a Chapter 312 tax-abatement agreement as leverage over the proposed Amazon data center campus, citing limited regulatory and zoning authority over private property as the reason for turning to incentive conditions to protect water and power resources.", "source": "https://www.allagnews.com/texas-county-uses-incentives-to-steer-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "RFD-TV reported that Floyd County commissioners are considering a Chapter 312 tax-abatement agreement for the proposed Amazon campus (valued at over $1 billion, seven buildings across ~485 acres), with conditions requiring air-cooled systems to reduce groundwater demand and on-site electricity generation to avoid competing with local homes, farms, and businesses during shortages.", "source": "https://www.rfdtv.com/texas-county-uses-tax-incentives-to-steer-data-center-development" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Amazon Data Services' TDLR filings for three 189,060 sq ft, ~$300M data center buildings near Floydada were reported, with construction planned August 2026-April 2027.", "source": "https://usdatacenterprojects.com/texas/amazon-files-plans-for-new-data-center-buildings-in-texas-across-three-sites" } ] }, { "id": "pahrump-manse-technology-campus", "name": "Manse Technology Campus (formerly Project Blackjack)", "operator": "Gigawatt Development", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Pahrump (Nye County)", "state": "NV", "lat": 36.21, "lon": -115.98, "size_mw": "", "acres": 900, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-18", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 1, "note": "Gigawatt Development proposes a ~900-acre, multi-phase technology campus south of Carpenter Canyon Road along SR-160 at the south end of Pahrump Valley, pledging closed-loop cooling using under 300 acre-feet of water per year (~1.5% of the Pahrump Basin's annual yield) on water rights it already owns, with no tax abatements sought; the application predates the county's June 2026 temporary moratorium on new data center applications. The 'August vote' was on Nye County Bill 2026-11, a proposed ban on data centers in communities without elected town boards: at the Aug 4 commission meeting it did not come to a vote, and commissioners instead moved toward putting the question to voters, with a possible special election (earliest January 2027) to be discussed Aug 18.", "source": "https://pvtimes.com/news/manse-tech-campus-aiming-to-assuage-community-concerns-189023/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-07-15", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Manse Technology Campus LLC was formed as a Nevada limited liability company, the entity behind Gigawatt Development's proposed Pahrump data center campus.", "source": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/opinion-big-pahrump-data-center-proposal-turns-heads-of-skeptical-residents" }, { "date": "2026-07-18", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Several dozen Pahrump residents rallied at the intersection of Highway 160 and Highway 372 as part of the AI Data Center National Day of Protest, citing concerns about the town's sole-source aquifer, electricity costs, and noise.", "source": "https://pvtimes.com/news/pahrump-participates-in-data-center-day-of-protest-188971/" }, { "date": "2026-07-18", "kind": "report", "summary": "Pahrump resident Justyne Lobello hosted an 'AI and Data Centers: 101' educational presentation at the Pahrump Community Library at 1 p.m., drawing a large crowd of concerned residents amid the proposed data center development.", "source": "https://pvtimes.com/news/ai-and-data-centers-101-draws-a-crown-of-concerned-residents-189026/" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Manse Technology issued a press release announcing project details, describing an estimated $18.4 billion technology campus with no property tax abatements proposed.", "source": "https://pvtimes.com/news/manse-tech-campus-aiming-to-assuage-community-concerns-189023/" }, { "date": "2026-07-25", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Nye County held a town hall/forum on the proposed Manse Technology Campus at the commission building in Pahrump; a large crowd attended inside and outside the venue, with residents opposing the project chiefly over water use.", "source": "https://www.fox5vegas.com/2026/07/26/nye-county-holds-town-hall-proposed-manse-technology-campus-pahrump/" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Manse Technology Campus team scheduled a public informational meeting for August 3 at 6 p.m. at the Pahrump Nugget Events Center to present the project and take questions.", "source": "https://pvtimes.com/news/manse-tech-campus-aiming-to-assuage-community-concerns-189023/" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Nye County Bill 2026-11, a proposed ban on data centers in areas without elected town boards, did not come to a vote; Commissioner Jabbour successfully moved to pursue a ballot question instead, with a possible special election to be discussed Aug 18. Over 3,400 people signed a petition supporting the ban and hundreds attended, most speaking against data center development.", "source": "https://pvtimes.com/news/data-center-ban-fails-189362/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Nye County Water District Governing Board held a roughly two-and-a-half-hour discussion on August 6 featuring a presentation on the proposed Manse Technology Campus by Russ Meads of Double M Construction.", "source": "https://pvtimes.com/news/manse-tech-rep-speaks-at-water-board-meeting-189459/" } ] }, { "id": "yerington-monarch-data-center", "name": "Monarch Data Center", "operator": "Copia Power", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Yerington (Lyon County)", "state": "NV", "lat": 38.99, "lon": -119.16, "size_mw": 1000, "acres": 505, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-06", "decided_date": "2026-08-06", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Lyon County commissioners voted 3-1 (Commissioner Hockaday opposed; Commissioner Cassinelli abstained) to approve the planned unit development rezoning for Copia Power's ~505-acre, 4.6 million sq ft, 1,000 MW Monarch campus in Mason Valley north of Yerington, which includes a 500 MW natural-gas backup plant and battery energy storage, after 6+ hours of comment from a mostly opposed crowd of nearly 300. The approval covers zoning only: final PUD/design approval, Nevada Division of Environmental Protection and State Engineer permits, and completion of Copia's land purchase remain, and tribal members vowed legal action over cultural resources and sacred sites.", "source": "https://www.2news.com/news/local/lyon-county-commissioners-vote-to-allow-new-data-center-north-of-yerington/article_e6d9be35-1f2a-4203-8536-a0ef70fdab53.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-07-14", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Lyon County Planning Commission voted 4-3 (Loomis, Irvin, Allan opposed) to advance the Monarch project to county commissioners; over 200 people participated and a strong majority spoke against it, including tribal members citing lack of Paiute consultation.", "source": "https://www.kolotv.com/2026/07/15/lyon-county-planning-commission-approves-monarch-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Lyon County commissioners approved the planned unit development rezoning 3-1 with one abstention after more than six hours of discussion with dozens of opposing commenters; final PUD filing (one-year deadline), state permits, and environmental approvals remain before construction.", "source": "https://www.2news.com/news/local/lyon-county-commissioners-vote-to-allow-new-data-center-north-of-yerington/article_e6d9be35-1f2a-4203-8536-a0ef70fdab53.html" } ] }, { "id": "socorro-green-data-nm-tech", "name": "Green Data Socorro campus (New Mexico Tech land)", "operator": "Green Data Centers", "owner": "New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (proposed site)", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Socorro (Socorro County)", "state": "NM", "lat": 34.06, "lon": -106.89, "size_mw": 2000, "acres": 10000, "announced": "2026-03-25", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-06-02", "outcome": "withdrawn", "stage": "Withdrawn", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Green Data Centers CEO Jason Bak proposed a 10,000-acre campus on New Mexico Tech land west of M Mountain and north of Highway 60 outside Socorro, powered by a 10 GW solar array delivering ~2 GW of base-load power, with atmospheric water generation for a water-neutral design; it was unveiled March 25, 2026 at a Socorro Electric Cooperative board meeting. After a raucous May town hall, New Mexico Tech announced June 2 it would not move forward, saying it lacks sufficient contiguous, undeveloped parcels for the ~16-square-mile footprint. Socorro County commissioners then unanimously adopted a one-year moratorium on data centers and supporting infrastructure on June 9.", "source": "https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/socorro-county-commissioners-ok-one-year-data-center-moratorium/article_81a27012-a315-49da-a97c-9a7b32af440d.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-03-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Green Data Centers CEO Jason Bak presented the proposed 10,000-acre project at a Socorro Electric Co-op board meeting, in collaboration with New Mexico Tech.", "source": "https://www.dchieftain.com/news/data-center-company-proposes-large-scale-project-in-socorro/3017863" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "New Mexico Tech announced it would not move forward with the proposed data center, citing insufficient contiguous, undeveloped parcels for the project's footprint.", "source": "https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/socorro-county-commissioners-ok-one-year-data-center-moratorium/article_81a27012-a315-49da-a97c-9a7b32af440d.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Socorro County commissioners unanimously adopted a one-year moratorium on development of data centers and supporting infrastructure, and opened applications for a committee to evaluate potential regulations.", "source": "https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/socorro-county-commissioners-ok-one-year-data-center-moratorium/article_81a27012-a315-49da-a97c-9a7b32af440d.html" } ] }, { "id": "rockingham-old-cheraw-data-center", "name": "Terra Nexus data center campus (316 Old Cheraw Highway)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Terra Nexus Land Fund I, LLC", "locality": "Rockingham (Richmond County)", "state": "NC", "lat": 34.94, "lon": -79.77, "size_mw": "", "acres": 165, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Terra Nexus Land Fund I, LLC asked Rockingham to rezone ~165 acres at 316 Old Cheraw Highway from high-density residential (R-7) to conditional light industrial for a $1.2B, ~30-job data center campus — Richmond County's third. The Planning Board unanimously recommended approval on Aug 4; a City Council public hearing must precede any vote, but fetched coverage (as of Aug 13) gives no confirmed hearing date.", "source": "https://www.yourdailyjournal.com/news/265529/rockingham-council-to-hold-public-hearing-on-data-center-rezoning", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-05-13", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Rockingham City Council unanimously approved the voluntary annexation and rezoning of 69.23 acres on Old Cheraw Highway (the Clontz property) from rural residential to high-density residential for a planned housing subdivision by Sage Equity.", "source": "https://www.newsbreak.com/the-richmond-observer-513357/4011122557444-rockingham-city-council-approves-annexation-rezoning-request-for-housing-development" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Ben and Amber Moss petitioned Rockingham to annex their adjacent 93.305-acre parcel on Old Cheraw Highway, citing interest from an entity planning a residential subdivision.", "source": "https://www.newsbreak.com/the-richmond-observer-513357/4225820200600-moss-requests-annexation-by-rockingham-public-hearing-set-for-next-meeting" }, { "date": "2025-10-14", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Rockingham City Council approved the annexation and rezoning of the Moss property (93.305 acres on Old Cheraw Highway) from rural residential (R-20) to high-density residential (R-7).", "source": "https://www.yourdailyjournal.com/news/265529/rockingham-council-to-hold-public-hearing-on-data-center-rezoning" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Rockingham Planning Board reviewed Terra Nexus Land Fund I, LLC's request to rezone ~165 acres at 316 Old Cheraw Highway from high-density residential to conditional light industrial and unanimously recommended that the City Council approve it.", "source": "https://www.yourdailyjournal.com/news/265529/rockingham-council-to-hold-public-hearing-on-data-center-rezoning" }, { "date": "2026-08-09", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Richmond County commissioners responded to resident data center concerns; Commissioner Andy Grooms noted the Old Cheraw Highway site falls under Rockingham city jurisdiction and said the county has no authority over it, adding he does not want additional data centers.", "source": "https://www.yourdailyjournal.com/news/265469/county-commissioners-respond-to-data-center-concerns" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "WSOC-TV reported neighbors are split on the proposed third data center for Richmond County at Old Cheraw Highway; NC state Rep. Ben Moss, who once owned the land, called for transparency and public discussion before any decision.", "source": "https://www.wsoctv.com/news/local/neighbors-split-proposed-third-data-center-richmond-county/IO6COLUUHFHBFAUPRYC3VDNO3M/" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Richmond County Daily Journal reported that the Rockingham City Council will schedule a public hearing on the Terra Nexus conditional rezoning request; city council cannot vote until after the hearing is held.", "source": "https://www.yourdailyjournal.com/news/265529/rockingham-council-to-hold-public-hearing-on-data-center-rezoning" } ] }, { "id": "marietta-powers-ferry-data-center", "name": "1155 Powers Ferry Place data center (Prime Storage site)", "operator": "", "owner": "Prime Group Holdings", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Marietta (Cobb County)", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.95, "lon": -84.55, "size_mw": 18, "acres": 11, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-08-12", "decided_date": "2026-08-12", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Marietta City Council voted 5-2 on Aug 12, 2026 to approve rezoning for an 18 MW, 90,000 sq ft data center at Prime Storage's ~11-acre Powers Ferry Place property near I-75 and Delk Road — the city's second data center. Conditions include silencers on coolers/generators, an independent sound study, no connection to municipal water, and Prime Storage agreeing not to build data centers at its other Marietta sites. The application predated the six-month moratorium the council passed July 8.", "source": "https://eastcobbnews.com/marietta-city-council-approves-data-center-off-delk-road/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-07-01", "kind": "endorsement", "summary": "The Cobb Chamber of Commerce approved the Prime Group data center project in July 2026, according to Atlanta News First.", "source": "https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/08/13/marietta-city-council-approves-zoning-second-data-center-heated-meeting/" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "East Cobb News reported that a request to rezone 10.7 acres at 1155 Powers Ferry Place to allow an 18-megawatt data center in the existing Prime Storage building, with about 21,570 square feet of mission-critical space, was set to be heard by the city; the applicant's name was blacked out on the zoning application.", "source": "https://eastcobbnews.com/marietta-to-hear-data-center-proposal-off-delk-road/" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The council passed a six-month moratorium on new data center applications (through Dec. 31, 2026); the 18 MW Powers Ferry Place application, filed before the freeze took effect, was not covered by it.", "source": "https://dmnews.com/dmn-r-marietta-georgia-just-approved-a-second-data-center-in-a-5-2-vote-despite-a-six-month-moratorium-the-council-passed-last-month-because-the-18-megawatt-application-was-filed-before-the-freeze-too/" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "vote", "summary": "At the July 8 council meeting, Councilwoman Cheryl Richardson moved to table the Powers Ferry Place data center proposal, citing noise and asking for a sound and light study plus additional buffer space; the proposal was tabled until August 12.", "source": "https://www.ngacan.org/post/the-data-center-fight-isn-t-over-what-really-happened-at-marietta-city-council-on-wednesday-july-8" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Atlanta Press Collective reported the Marietta Planning Commission voted 4-3 to recommend approval of the 1155 Powers Ferry Place data center rezoning, a shift from previous data center approvals that had passed unanimously, amid growing community opposition.", "source": "https://atlpresscollective.com/2026/07/08/powers-ferry-road-marietta-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "CRE Daily reported residents pushing back on Prime Group's plan, noting the Marietta Planning Commission had endorsed the project about a week before the council delayed its decision and imposed a six-month moratorium through December 31.", "source": "https://www.credaily.com/briefs/marietta-residents-push-back-on-prime-group-data-center-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Community organizers, including the group Marietta BLU, scheduled a town hall for July 28 near the proposed data center site.", "source": "https://www.ngacan.org/post/the-data-center-fight-isn-t-over-what-really-happened-at-marietta-city-council-on-wednesday-july-8" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "kind": "vote", "summary": "After more than two hours of public comment at a capacity meeting, the council approved the rezoning 5-2, with conditions including silencers, an independent sound study, site monitoring, and no municipal water/electricity connection.", "source": "https://eastcobbnews.com/marietta-city-council-approves-data-center-off-delk-road/" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "kind": "protest", "summary": "During the Marietta City Council meeting some protesters were escorted out by police, and residents raised concerns about noise and environmental pollution, especially to the nearby Rottenwood Creek.", "source": "https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/08/13/marietta-city-council-approves-zoning-second-data-center-heated-meeting/" } ] }, { "id": "lovejoy-panhandle-road-data-center", "name": "Stillwater data center campus (Panhandle Road)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "The Stillwater Group, LLC", "locality": "Lovejoy (Clayton County)", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.44, "lon": -84.31, "size_mw": 1250, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-08-06", "outcome": "withdrawn", "stage": "Withdrawn", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Stillwater Development's 15-building, 3.5 million sq ft campus at 11760 Panhandle Road — 1.25 GW at full build, sited across from Michelle Obama Elementary and Eddie White Middle school traffic — was withdrawn at an Aug 6, 2026 council meeting after strong community opposition; plans were first filed in December 2025. The developer is pivoting to residential development, and Mayor Marci Fluellyn said the city will begin updating its zoning to prohibit data centers.", "source": "https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/08/07/proposal-clayton-county-data-center-withdrawn/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "The proposal for a 15-building, 3.5 million sq ft, 1.25 GW data center campus at 11760 Panhandle Road was withdrawn at a Lovejoy council meeting; developers are pursuing residential development for the site instead.", "source": "https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/08/07/proposal-clayton-county-data-center-withdrawn/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Lovejoy's mayor and council voted unanimously to proceed with rescinding the project's permit; Mayor Fluellyn said a withdrawal from the DRI process would follow the next day.", "source": "https://www.news-daily.com/news/lovejoy-city-council-votes-no-on-panhandle-road-data-center/article_0255fdbc-1aee-4eb8-80f0-5110031c4733.html" } ] }, { "id": "mason-county-hyperscale-campus", "name": "Mason County hyperscale data center campus", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Mason County", "state": "KY", "lat": 38.6, "lon": -83.82, "size_mw": "", "acres": 2080, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "2026-03-25", "decided_date": "2026-05-22", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "The Mason County Fiscal Court gave final approval on May 22, 2026 to rezone 28 properties (2,080 acres, A-2 agricultural to I-3 industrial) outside Maysville for a hyperscale data center campus; the application's development plan shows six data center buildings, three utility substations, and 15 detention ponds on ~1,975 net acres. The developer's identity remains undisclosed, and a legal challenge by residents group We Are Mason County was pending at approval.", "source": "https://www.weku.org/the-commonwealth/2026-05-26/mason-county-gives-final-approval-on-rezoning-properties-for-data-center-construction", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-03-25", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The joint planning commission scheduled public hearings for March 25-26 at Maysville Community and Technical College on the zoning map amendment to take 2,080 acres from A-2 agricultural to I-3 industrial for a six-building hyperscale data center campus with three substations.", "source": "https://www.maysville-online.com/news/214311/hyperscale-data-center-zoning-map-amendment-application-submitted" }, { "date": "2026-05-22", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Mason County Fiscal Court gave final approval to rezone the 28 properties outside Maysville for data center construction; the company behind the project remains undisclosed and a We Are Mason County lawsuit over the process was pending.", "source": "https://www.weku.org/the-commonwealth/2026-05-26/mason-county-gives-final-approval-on-rezoning-properties-for-data-center-construction" } ] }, { "id": "mitchell-county-baconton-power-plant", "name": "Baconton power generation facility (data-center-linked, NextEra-linked)", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Baconton (Mitchell County)", "state": "GA", "lat": 31.38, "lon": -84.16, "size_mw": 1500, "acres": 300, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-06-29", "outcome": "approved", "stage": "Approved", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "On June 29, 2026 Mitchell County commissioners rezoned ~300 acres of agricultural land to industrial near Baconton, clearing the way for a 1,500 MW power generation facility linked in reporting to NextEra Energy and described by residents as intended to supply data centers across southwest Georgia — the rezoned project is a power plant, not a data center itself (size_mw is generation capacity). Residents are pursuing a referendum on the rezoning, a one-year data center moratorium petition, and recalls of commissioners.", "source": "https://www.wctv.tv/2026/08/13/enough-is-enough-mitchell-county-residents-push-recall-commissioners-after-controversial-data-center-rezoning/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-06-29", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Mitchell County commissioners voted to rezone approximately 300 acres of agricultural land to industrial near Baconton, enabling a 1,500-megawatt power generation facility linked to NextEra Energy.", "source": "https://www.wctv.tv/2026/08/13/enough-is-enough-mitchell-county-residents-push-recall-commissioners-after-controversial-data-center-rezoning/" }, { "date": "2026-07-18", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "About 400 residents gathered at the American Legion to sign two petitions: a referendum on the power-generating facility and a one-year moratorium on all proposed data centers.", "source": "https://www.walb.com/2026/07/18/mitchell-county-residents-gather-sign-petitions-stop-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Recall organizers submitted the first 100 required signatures against District 5 Commissioner David Griner, the first formal step under Georgia's recall law.", "source": "https://www.wctv.tv/2026/08/13/enough-is-enough-mitchell-county-residents-push-recall-commissioners-after-controversial-data-center-rezoning/" } ] }, { "id": "cave-city-doyle-avenue-data-center", "name": "Cave City data center (Kentucky Industrial Alliance)", "operator": "", "owner": "Kentucky Industrial Alliance LLC", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Kentucky Industrial Alliance LLC", "locality": "Cave City (Barren County)", "state": "KY", "lat": 37.14, "lon": -85.96, "size_mw": "", "acres": 381, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "2026-05-11", "hearing_date": "2026-07-20", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Awaiting decision", "days_to_hearing": -28, "note": "Kentucky Industrial Alliance LLC proposes a data center on a 381-acre project site within its 600+ acres at 2001 Doyle Avenue, about 10 miles from Mammoth Cave National Park; it submitted an application May 11, 2026, and sued the city on June 8 after Cave City adopted a one-year moratorium. The city moved to dismiss on June 29, arguing no actual development plan was ever filed; a July 20 preliminary-injunction hearing was scheduled. Residents fear runoff through the karst into the Mammoth Cave system.", "source": "https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/louisville/news/2026/07/18/cave-city-residents-push-back-on-proposed-data-center-near-mammoth-cave", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-09-11", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Cave City Council approved the ordinance annexing approximately 245 acres of the former Branstetter property into the city limits, the land later tied to the proposed data center.", "source": "https://www.wcluradio.com/2026/07/07/second-lawsuit-seeks-to-void-cave-city-annexation-tied-to-proposed-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Joint City-County Planning Commission unanimously approved proposed data center regulations during a public hearing and forwarded them to the Cave City Council.", "source": "https://www.barrenside.com/court-fight-begins-over-cave-city-data-center-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-05-11", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Kentucky Industrial Alliance LLC submitted a development application for a data center on its 600+ acre property at 2001 Doyle Avenue in Cave City.", "source": "https://www.wnky.com/lawsuit-reveals-cave-city-data-center-proposal/" }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Cave City held the first of two special meetings regarding data centers.", "source": "https://www.wbko.com/2026/06/09/developer-sues-cave-city-over-data-center-zoning-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-05-20", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Cave City held a second special meeting and subsequently enacted a 12-month moratorium on data centers.", "source": "https://www.wbko.com/2026/06/09/developer-sues-cave-city-over-data-center-zoning-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-06-08", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Kentucky Industrial Alliance LLC sued Cave City, the City Council, and the Joint City-County Planning Commission in Barren County Circuit Court, arguing the one-year data center moratorium violates due process.", "source": "https://www.wcluradio.com/2026/07/07/cave-city-moves-to-toss-lawsuit-over-data-center-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Cave City Council voted to hire outside legal counsel to defend against Kentucky Industrial Alliance's lawsuit.", "source": "https://www.wbko.com/2026/06/09/developer-sues-cave-city-over-data-center-zoning-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Cave City's attorneys filed a motion to dismiss, arguing the company never submitted an actual development plan under city ordinances.", "source": "https://www.wcluradio.com/2026/07/07/cave-city-moves-to-toss-lawsuit-over-data-center-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Kentucky Industrial Alliance filed a second lawsuit in Barren Circuit Court seeking to void Cave City's September 2024 annexation of about 245 acres, alleging the Shaw Cemetery parcel's owner did not consent as required by KRS 81A.412(1).", "source": "https://www.wcluradio.com/2026/07/07/second-lawsuit-seeks-to-void-cave-city-annexation-tied-to-proposed-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The Joint City-County Planning Commission filed its response in the moratorium suit, stating no development plan accompanied the application and that it would take no further action until the litigation concludes.", "source": "https://glasgownews1.com/2026/07/07/cave-city-moves-to-toss-lawsuit-over-data-center-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-07-18", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Cave City residents held a protest against the proposed hyperscale data center near Mammoth Cave National Park.", "source": "https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/louisville/news/2026/07/18/cave-city-residents-push-back-on-proposed-data-center-near-mammoth-cave" }, { "date": "2026-07-18", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Attorney Thomas Davis filed the Joint City-County Planning Commission's response to the annexation lawsuit, requesting dismissal with prejudice so the commission could decide applications under its rules and applicable state law.", "source": "https://bgdailynews.com/2026/07/21/joint-city-county-planning-commission-responds-to-lawsuit-over-data-center-land/" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A Barren County Circuit Court hearing was scheduled on Kentucky Industrial Alliance's request for a preliminary injunction to temporarily block enforcement of the moratorium.", "source": "https://www.wcluradio.com/2026/07/07/cave-city-moves-to-toss-lawsuit-over-data-center-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A community town hall on the proposed data center was scheduled for July 21 at Austin Tracy Elementary School.", "source": "https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/louisville/news/2026/07/18/cave-city-residents-push-back-on-proposed-data-center-near-mammoth-cave" } ] }, { "id": "stokes-county-project-delta", "name": "Project Delta", "operator": "Engineered Land Solutions (ELS)", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Walnut Cove (Stokes County)", "state": "NC", "lat": 36.3, "lon": -80.14, "size_mw": "", "acres": 1800, "announced": "2025-11-01", "rezoning_filed": "2026-07-20", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "In review", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Hyperscale data center on 1,800 acres near Dan River; 998 acres developable, rest is floodplain. Originally approved by commissioners Jan 2026 but rescinded in April after a lawsuit (SCSJ/SELC) challenged the public hearing notice. ELS reapplied in late July 2026. Planning board voted 5-2 to recommend denial on Aug 14, 2026. Commissioners make the final decision. Closed-loop cooling and possible on-site generation planned.", "source": "http://www.thestokesnews.com/news/data-center-zoning-discussed-by-planning-board-denied-but-with-conditions/article_41f32903-1409-4a58-a955-7677c306befe.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-11-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Project Delta hyperscale data center proposed near Walnut Cove.", "source": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/news/2026/01/12/stokes-county-proposed-data-center-creates-backlash" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Stokes County planning board recommended denial of the Project Delta rezoning for the first time, in December 2025, before commissioners later approved it anyway.", "source": "https://www.publicradioeast.org/2026-08-14/planning-board-again-recommends-denial-of-stokes-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Stokes County commissioners approve rezoning despite planning board denial and public opposition.", "source": "https://www.wfmynews2.com/article/news/local/stokes-county-commissioners-approve-data-center-despite-public-opposition-walnut-cove-project-delta/83-ba56506c-6a1a-4806-9627-391061df6ce5" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Community groups and residents file lawsuit challenging the rezoning (SCSJ/SELC).", "source": "https://www.selc.org/press-release/community-groups-residents-file-lawsuit-over-stokes-county-data-center-rezoning/" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Commissioners vote to rescind January rezoning approval after lawsuit revealed notice violations.", "source": "https://myfox8.com/news/north-carolina/stokes/stokes-county-votes-to-start-proposed-data-center-development-over-again-after-lawsuit/" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Engineered Land Solutions held a community information session on Project Delta on June 4, 2026, according to the Southern Coalition for Social Justice.", "source": "https://southerncoalition.org/resource/stokes-county-and-data-centers-explainer/" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Engineered Land Solutions held a second community information session on Project Delta on July 8, 2026, per the Southern Coalition for Social Justice.", "source": "https://southerncoalition.org/resource/stokes-county-and-data-centers-explainer/" }, { "date": "2026-07-09", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Stokes County planning board voted 6-1 to recommend a six-month moratorium on data center development to give the county time to study impacts.", "source": "https://southerncoalition.org/community-celebrates-stokes-county-planning-board-recommends-data-center-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Stokes County commissioners voted 3-2 to reject the planning board's recommended six-month data center moratorium and approved text amendments regulating data centers in the county.", "source": "https://www.wfdd.org/politics-government/2026-07-14/stokes-commission-rejects-six-month-data-center-moratorium" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "filing", "summary": "ELS submits new conditional use application for Project Delta.", "source": "https://myfox8.com/news/north-carolina/stokes/stokes-county-board-of-commissioners-speaks-out-after-voting-to-start-proposed-data-center-development-over-again-after-lawsuit/" }, { "date": "2026-08-14", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Planning board votes 5-2 to recommend denial of Project Delta conditional use application.", "source": "https://www.publicradioeast.org/2026-08-14/planning-board-again-recommends-denial-of-stokes-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Stokes County commissioners are scheduled to hold a public hearing on September 8, 2026 to make the final decision on the Project Delta rezoning.", "source": "https://www.publicradioeast.org/2026-08-14/planning-board-again-recommends-denial-of-stokes-data-center" } ] }, { "id": "smithfield-gateway-data-center", "name": "Smithfield Gateway Data Center", "operator": "DEPG Mosier Associates LP / DEPG of Shawnee II LP", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "DEPG Mosier Associates LP", "locality": "Smithfield Township (Monroe County)", "state": "PA", "lat": 41.0, "lon": -75.18, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "2026-05-06", "hearing_date": "2026-08-12", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Awaiting decision", "days_to_hearing": -5, "note": "Two 250,000 sq ft data center buildings proposed at Smithfield Gateway behind St. Luke's and Wawa on Route 209. Developer filed a curative amendment application; township initiated a 180-day review period starting May 6, 2026. Township is proposing a new H-1 (Heavy Industrial) Zoning District where data centers would be the only permitted conditional use, removing them from ED and M-1 districts. Board of Supervisors held public hearing and vote on Aug 12, 2026.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/odp/gatewaydc/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-10-22", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The township held a public hearing on its data center ordinance on October 22, 2025, and the ordinance passed.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/otp/datacenter/" }, { "date": "2025-11-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "In November 2025 DEPG submitted the initial sketch plan application and supporting documents for the Smithfield Gateway data center (Phases 1B, 2A, and 2B).", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/odp/gatewaydc/" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "In December 2025 the Township Engineer issued Sketch Plan Review No. 1 after the applicant submitted a conceptual site plan, grading plans, and cross-section plans.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/odp/gatewaydc/" }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The applicant resubmitted revised sketch plan materials, including revised conceptual plans, preliminary renderings, a sound study, and response letters to the Township Engineer.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/odp/gatewaydc/" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The Township Engineer issued Sketch Plan Review No. 2 for the Smithfield Gateway data center sketch plan.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/odp/gatewaydc/" }, { "date": "2026-02-14", "kind": "protest", "summary": "A Change.org petition titled 'Stop the massive data center in Stroudsburg, PA' opposing the Smithfield Gateway Project was launched, citing energy use, deforestation, noise and light pollution, and questioning promised job benefits.", "source": "https://www.change.org/p/stop-the-massive-data-center-in-stroudsburg-pa" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "DataCenterDynamics reported the Smithfield Gateway project, discussed by the Planning Commission in mid-February, would consist of two 250,000 sq ft data centers linked to Legend Properties with no disclosed end-user, and that an opposition petition had passed 800 signatures.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-could-come-to-stroudsburg-pennsylvania/" }, { "date": "2026-04-03", "kind": "filing", "summary": "DEPG Mosier Associates LP and DEPG of Shawnee II LP submitted the conditional use application for a two-building data center at Smithfield Gateway, including a statement of purpose, conditional use plan, environmental impact summary, traffic statement, and sound emissions study.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/odp/gatewaydc/" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The township scheduled an April 22, 2026 6:00 p.m. hearing on a data center ordinance amendment.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/otp/datacenter/" }, { "date": "2026-05-06", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Curative amendment application filed; 180-day MPC review period begins.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/otp/dcca/" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "In June 2026 the Township Engineer (T&M Associates) issued Review No. 1 on the data center conditional use application.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/odp/gatewaydc/" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The township scheduled a Board of Supervisors meeting for June 3, 2026 at 6:00 p.m. at J.T. Lambert Intermediate School to discuss data center ordinance updates.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/otp/datacenter/" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The applicant resubmitted the conditional use application with revised documents, including conditional use plans, a Kaplin-Stewart resubmission letter, traffic memorandum, acoustical evaluation, emergency response plan, detailed load study report, and water and sewer letters.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/odp/gatewaydc/" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Board of Supervisors public hearing and curative amendment vote at JT Lambert Intermediate School.", "source": "https://monroecountypa.com/event/2026/08/board-supervisors-meeting-smithfield-township-curative-amendment-data-center-vote" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Fox56 covered the public hearing at J.T. Lambert Intermediate School where residents voiced opposition to the proposed data center zoning, quoting resident Joel Raffaeli saying the community could come up with something better.", "source": "https://fox56.com/news/local/smithfield-board-of-supervisors-vote-on-data-center-zoning-ordinance" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Township newsletter states the Planning Commission will review the conditional use application for the proposed data center and vote on a recommendation to the Board of Supervisors on Thursday, August 13 at 7:00 p.m.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/news/august-2026-newsletter/" }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Township newsletter announces the Board of Supervisors will open the conditional use hearing on the proposed data center on Wednesday, September 9 at 6:00 p.m. at J.T. Lambert Intermediate School, where party status requests are due.", "source": "https://smithfieldtownship.com/news/august-2026-newsletter/" } ] }, { "id": "energence-utah-duchesne-county", "name": "Energence Utah Digital Infrastructure Campus", "operator": "Senmiao Technology / Energence Utah LLC", "owner": "Energence Utah LLC", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Energence Utah LLC", "locality": "Duchesne County", "state": "UT", "lat": 40.16, "lon": -110.4, "size_mw": 1200, "acres": 5046, "announced": "2026-08-11", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Proposed", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Massive 5,046-acre multi-use campus with 475-acre data center area (expandable to 1,000+ acres), 200-acre energy center, and ~1,440 acres of solar. Targets 100 MW by Year 2, 700 MW by Year 4, up to 1.2 GW firm / 1.9 GW total by Year 6. Senmiao Technology (NASDAQ: AIHS) entered a non-binding LOI for $5M staged investment for 51% equity in Energence Utah. Campus already has active conditional-use permits and 100,000 MMBTU/day gas commitment. Very early stage (LOI, not binding) and highly speculative given micro-cap sponsor.", "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/08/11/3342525/0/en/energence-utah-partnership-positions-senmiao-to-pursue-digital-infrastructure-development-with-100-mw-targeted-during-the-initial-two-year-development-phase.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-03-20", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Utah Inland Port Authority Board officially adopted the 2,780-acre Black Gold Project Area in Duchesne County and Roosevelt City, creating an economic development zone that the Energence Utah campus would later cite as its location.", "source": "https://www.basinnow.com/black-gold-project-area-officially-adopted-by-utah-inland-port-authority/" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Senmiao Technology enters LOI for $5M investment for 51% stake in Energence Utah; 100 MW targeted in initial 2-year phase.", "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/08/11/3342525/0/en/energence-utah-partnership-positions-senmiao-to-pursue-digital-infrastructure-development-with-100-mw-targeted-during-the-initial-two-year-development-phase.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Pulse 2.0 reported additional details from the LOI: the 5,046-acre campus already holds active conditional-use permits for the data campus, gas generation, energy storage, and solar PV, and has secured an initial natural gas commitment of 100,000 MMBTU per day, with Elio Energy Group serving as the development services provider.", "source": "https://pulse2.com/senmiao-proposes-5-million-investment-for-51-stake-in-energence-utah-as-data-center-campus-targets-1-2-gw-of-firm-capacity/" }, { "date": "2026-08-14", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Senmiao Technology filed its 10-Q with the SEC disclosing that starting in 2026 the company began evaluating expansion into AI infrastructure, appointed David Nichols as strategic advisor for power infrastructure and capital formation, and in July 2026 formed Nebula Matrix AI LLC (90% owned) with Constant Energy Construction Corp. to develop AI data centers in the U.S.", "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1711012/000121390026090099/ea0300866-10q_senmiao.htm" } ] }, { "id": "andover-twp-stickles-pond", "name": "Andover HPC Data Center", "operator": "", "owner": "National Land Developers", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Andover HPC Development", "locality": "Andover Township (Sussex County)", "state": "NJ", "lat": 40.98, "lon": -74.74, "size_mw": "", "acres": 97, "announced": "2025-12-01", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Proposed", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "National Land Developers registered Andover HPC Development in December 2025 at 248 Stickles Pond Road, a 97-acre former airport site. Andover Township first allowed data centers in a redevelopment zone along Route 206 (September 2025) and raised the height limit to 65 feet (April 2026), but after a chaotic May 2026 meeting with 300 residents, the township passed Ordinance 2026-13 banning data centers township-wide. No formal site plan was ever filed. National Land Developers sued in Sussex County Superior Court on July 10, 2026, challenging the ban.", "source": "https://wrnjradio.com/developer-files-lawsuit-challenging-andover-township-data-center-ordinance/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2021-09-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "In September 2021 the Township Committee adopted Resolution 2021-91, designating approximately 812 acres along the Route 206 corridor (43 tax lots, including the Stickles Pond Road parcel) as a Non-Condemnation Area in Need of Redevelopment.", "source": "https://www.insidernj.com/ai-data-center-sparks-sussex-collision/" }, { "date": "2024-01-01", "kind": "permit", "summary": "In 2024 the 97-acre property at 248 Stickles Pond Road received approval for a 660,000-square-foot warehouse development with little public opposition.", "source": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/new-jersey-town-to-ban-all-data-centers-after-chaotic-meeting" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "In August 2025 township officials first publicly discussed a potential data center at a committee meeting.", "source": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/old-new-jersey-airport-could-house-new-ai-data-center" }, { "date": "2025-09-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Township passes ordinance allowing data centers in Route 206 redevelopment zone.", "source": "https://www.tapinto.net/towns/newton/sections/sussex-county-news/articles/andover-residents-protest-data-center-proposed-for-stickles-pond-road" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Approximately 33 days after the September 2025 ordinance permitting data centers, the property owner satisfied a $1.28 million mortgage on the Stickles Pond Road parcel.", "source": "https://njtoday.news/2026/05/08/secret-andover-township-data-center-scheme-triggers-fireworks-amid-denials/" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Andover HPC Development LLC registered at 248 Stickles Pond Road address.", "source": "https://www.tapinto.net/towns/newton/sections/sussex-county-news/articles/andover-residents-protest-data-center-proposed-for-stickles-pond-road" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Township committee votes to raise height limit to 65 feet in redevelopment zone.", "source": "https://nj1015.com/andover-residents-protest-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Attorney Anand Dash, representing community group Andover Responsible Development (a fiscally sponsored member of the NJ Highlands Coalition), filed a legal notice challenging Ordinances 2025-15 and 2026-08 as violations of state Municipal Land Use Law, threatening suit if they were not rescinded by May 7.", "source": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/old-new-jersey-airport-could-house-new-ai-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Chaotic meeting with ~300 residents opposing data center; police confrontation.", "source": "https://nj1015.com/andover-residents-protest-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "kind": "vote", "summary": "At the same contentious meeting, the Township Committee voted 4-1 to introduce an ordinance creating additional data center standards including closed-loop water cooling, noise controls, and electric substation requirements; five days later they reversed course and introduced a ban instead.", "source": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/developer-sues-new-jersey-town-after-data-center-ban" }, { "date": "2026-05-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "NJTODAY reported that the township attorney confirmed preliminary PILOT financial discussions had taken place behind closed doors, and identified recently formed entities Bridge AIX LLC and Bridge AI Group LLC linked to the project through Delaware registrations.", "source": "https://njtoday.news/2026/05/08/secret-andover-township-data-center-scheme-triggers-fireworks-amid-denials/" }, { "date": "2026-05-09", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Mayor Tom Walsh posted a video statement saying the Township Committee had directed the township attorney to draft an ordinance repealing data centers as a permitted use.", "source": "https://www.aol.com/articles/public-pressure-andover-township-makes-201434231.html" }, { "date": "2026-05-12", "kind": "vote", "summary": "At a special meeting the Township Committee introduced Ordinance 2026-13, a township-wide data center ban that would repeal the two prior ordinances permitting them.", "source": "https://www.spartaindependent.com/news/local-news/andover-bans-data-centers-hardyston-could-be-next-FI5903755" }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Andover Township Land Use Board found Ordinance 2026-13 consistent with the township's master plan.", "source": "https://www.spartaindependent.com/news/local-news/andover-bans-data-centers-hardyston-could-be-next-FI5903755" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Township Committee unanimously adopted Ordinance 2026-13, prohibiting data centers as a use in all zones townshipwide.", "source": "https://www.spartaindependent.com/news/local-news/andover-bans-data-centers-hardyston-could-be-next-FI5903755" }, { "date": "2026-07-10", "kind": "filing", "summary": "National Land Developers files lawsuit in Sussex County Superior Court challenging Ordinance 2026-13 banning data centers.", "source": "https://wrnjradio.com/developer-files-lawsuit-challenging-andover-township-data-center-ordinance/" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Andover officials said they intend to vigorously defend the ordinance, have no interest in settling, and expect to file a response to the complaint within about 30 days.", "source": "https://wrnjradio.com/developer-files-lawsuit-challenging-andover-township-data-center-ordinance/" }, { "date": "2026-07-19", "kind": "report", "summary": "The Sussex County Democratic Committee issued a written statement criticizing township officials over the ordinance's vulnerability to the developer's lawsuit.", "source": "https://nj1015.com/nj-data-center-lawsuit-andover/" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Insider NJ reported Mayor Walsh stated the township has funding in place to defend the ordinance; Sussex County Republican chair Joseph LaBarbera denied Democratic allegations that the GOP was lobbying for data centers, calling the claim a deliberate lie.", "source": "https://www.insidernj.com/ai-data-center-sparks-sussex-collision/" } ] }, { "id": "east-vincent-pennhurst", "name": "Pennhurst Data Center Campus", "operator": "", "owner": "Penn Hurst Holdings DE LLC", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Penn Hurst Holdings DE LLC", "locality": "East Vincent Township (Chester County)", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.16, "lon": -75.58, "size_mw": "", "acres": 123, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-05-21", "outcome": "denied", "stage": "Denied", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Penn Hurst Holdings proposed a 1.9 million-square-foot data center campus on 123 acres of the historic Pennhurst State School and Hospital site. The East Vincent Township Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to deny the conditional use application on May 21, 2026. Penn Hurst Holdings appealed to Chester County Court of Common Pleas on June 26, arguing irreconcilable contradictions in the township's zoning code.", "source": "https://vista.today/2026/07/pennhurst-data-center-appeal-east-vincent/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-05-21", "kind": "vote", "summary": "East Vincent Board of Supervisors unanimously denies conditional use application for 1.9M sq ft data center.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/pennhurst-data-center-rejected-east-vincent-20260522.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Township issues written denial decision.", "source": "https://vista.today/2026/07/pennhurst-data-center-appeal-east-vincent/" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Penn Hurst Holdings files appeal to Chester County Court of Common Pleas.", "source": "https://vista.today/2026/07/pennhurst-data-center-appeal-east-vincent/" } ] }, { "id": "hoffman-estates-karis-plum-farms", "name": "Karis Critical Plum Farms Data Center", "operator": "Karis Critical", "owner": "Karis Critical", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Hoffman Estates (Cook County)", "state": "IL", "lat": 42.07, "lon": -88.13, "size_mw": "", "acres": 180, "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "2026-07-01", "outcome": "withdrawn", "stage": "Withdrawn", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Karis Critical acquired 180 acres known as Plum Farms at the northwest corner of Route 59 and Higgins Road for $45 million and sought rezoning for a data center. The village planning commission gave a negative recommendation in early June 2026. After weeks of community backlash, Karis notified the village on July 1 that it would withdraw the rezoning request. Governor Pritzker had also suspended state data center incentives. Karis has not indicated whether it will refile.", "source": "https://news.wttw.com/2026/07/01/developer-withdraws-rezoning-request-controversial-data-center-hoffman-estates", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-06-05", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Village planning commission votes against rezoning recommendation.", "source": "https://therealdeal.com/chicago/2026/06/05/village-planning-commission-gives-thumbs-down-to-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "Karis Critical withdraws rezoning request after community opposition.", "source": "https://news.wttw.com/2026/07/01/developer-withdraws-rezoning-request-controversial-data-center-hoffman-estates" } ] }, { "id": "platte-county-wy-site-layer-4", "name": "Site Layer 4 Data Center Campus", "operator": "Site Layer 4", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Wheatland (Platte County)", "state": "WY", "lat": 42.05, "lon": -104.95, "size_mw": "", "acres": 5344, "announced": "2026-07-13", "rezoning_filed": "2026-07-13", "hearing_date": "2026-08-26", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Hearing scheduled", "days_to_hearing": 9, "note": "Site Layer 4, a New York-based firm, has applied to rezone 5,344 acres of ranchland on the Lazy V Six Ranch northeast of Wheatland for a $26 billion data center campus with co-located utility-scale energy generation. The project promises 300 jobs and substantial tax revenue but neighbors are concerned about water, wildlife, and viewshed impacts. More than 400 public comments were received. Planning and Zoning Commission hearing rescheduled to August 26, 2026, with County Commissioners hearing on September 2.", "source": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/07/13/ranchlands-near-wheatland-eyed-for-26-billion-transformational-data-center/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-07-13", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Rezoning application revealed for 5,344-acre data center campus on Lazy V Six Ranch.", "source": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/07/13/ranchlands-near-wheatland-eyed-for-26-billion-transformational-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-08-26", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Planning and Zoning Commission public hearing at Agriplex, Wheatland.", "source": "https://www.plattecountywyoming.com/news/post/22935/" }, { "date": "2026-09-02", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Platte County Commissioners public hearing at Agriplex, Wheatland.", "source": "https://www.plattecountywyoming.com/news/post/22935/" } ] }, { "id": "tonganoxie-project-bluestem", "name": "Project Bluestem", "operator": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure", "owner": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Tonganoxie (Leavenworth County)", "state": "KS", "lat": 39.1, "lon": -95.09, "size_mw": 600, "acres": 1000, "announced": "2026-02-01", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Proposed", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure proposes Project Bluestem, a 600 MW hyperscale data center on approximately 1,000 acres of former Tailgate Ranch land south of Tonganoxie. The Leavenworth County Commission passed a 90-day moratorium on data center applications in May 2026, which expired in August. On August 5, commissioners voted 3-2 against extending the moratorium. On August 13, officials reversed course and directed planning and zoning to delay regulation recommendations until after a joint work session before the September meeting. No formal application has been submitted.", "source": "https://www2.ljworld.com/news/general-news/2026/aug/13/leavenworth-co-officials-reverse-course-slow-down-on-data-center-proposed-for-site-near-tonganoxie/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-03-18", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Leavenworth County residents pack public forum on proposed data center.", "source": "https://www.kctv5.com/2026/03/18/leavenworth-county-residents-pack-forum-over-proposed-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Coverage identified Cloverleaf Infrastructure as the developer of Project Bluestem, a conceptual 1,000-acre data center near Tonganoxie that could require up to 1.2 gigawatts of power and would receive a 100% sales and use tax abatement for 20 years, with no formal applications yet submitted.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/project-bluestem-paves-way-data-001118622.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-26", "kind": "protest", "summary": "The opposition group Citizens Against Bluestem held its inaugural meeting at the Tonganoxie VFW Post Home, drawing roughly 150 attendees; speakers included County Commissioner Mike Stieben and a Sierra Club representative.", "source": "https://www.tonganoxiemirror.com/top-news/2026/apr/29/tonganoxie-group-against-data-center-airs-concerns/" }, { "date": "2026-05-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Leavenworth County Commission passes 90-day moratorium on data center applications.", "source": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/kansas/leavenworth-county/leavenworth-county-commissioners-pass-90-day-moratorium-on-data-centers" }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "kind": "protest", "summary": "The Tongie Data Center Watch Dog Group planned to present a petition to the Tonganoxie City Council at 7 p.m. on Monday, May 19, seeking an 18-month moratorium on data center development.", "source": "https://www.kctv5.com/2026/05/16/tonganoxie-group-wants-pull-plug-ai-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "meeting", "summary": "Project Bluestem representatives held an open house at 304 Venue in Tonganoxie to address resident concerns about the proposed data center.", "source": "https://www.tonganoxiemirror.com/top-news/2026/jun/18/data-center-discussed-at-tonganoxie-city-council-meeting/" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Commission votes 3-2 against extending moratorium; moratorium expires.", "source": "https://www.tonganoxiemirror.com/news/2026/aug/12/leavenworth-county-commission-lifts-moratorium-on-data-center-by-3-2-vote/" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Officials reverse course, direct P&Z to delay recommendations until joint work session in September.", "source": "https://www2.ljworld.com/news/general-news/2026/aug/13/leavenworth-co-officials-reverse-course-slow-down-on-data-center-proposed-for-site-near-tonganoxie/" }, { "date": "2026-08-14", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "About 100 protesters organized by the Tongie Data Center WatchDog Group packed the Leavenworth County planning meeting, where the planning commission voted 8-1 to revisit data center regulations.", "source": "https://www.kcur.org/politics-elections-and-government/2026-08-14/leavenworth-county-kansas-data-center" } ] }, { "id": "muncy-twp-fishlips", "name": "Muncy Township Data Center", "operator": "", "owner": "DANKO Holdings II / Fishlips LLC", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Fishlips LLC", "locality": "Muncy Township (Lycoming County)", "state": "PA", "lat": 41.2, "lon": -76.78, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "2026-04-15", "rezoning_filed": "2026-04-28", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "In review", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "DANKO Holdings II / Fishlips LLC filed a zoning permit application on April 15, 2026, and a conditional use application on April 28, for three data center buildings along John Brady Drive near Yetter Road, about two miles east of the closed Lycoming Mall. The township failed to hold the required hearing within 60 days, and the developer published a legal notice in July claiming 'deemed approval' under the state Municipalities Planning Code. Supervisors imposed a nine-month moratorium on data center submissions in June 2026. The legal status of the deemed-approval claim is unresolved.", "source": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/07/legal-notice-claims-deemed-approval-for-muncy-township-data-center/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2026-04-15", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Zoning permit application filed by DANKO Holdings II / Fishlips LLC.", "source": "https://www.sungazette.com/uncategorized/2026/06/data-center-proposed-in-muncy-township/" }, { "date": "2026-04-28", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Conditional use application filed for three data center buildings.", "source": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/06/group-seeks-to-put-data-center-in-muncy-township/" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Township supervisors impose nine-month moratorium on data center submissions.", "source": "https://www.northcentralpa.com/business/neighbors-100-against-proposed-muncy-data-center/article_bec0e4a8-6ab8-4933-b96b-eacb2d0023ab.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Developer publishes legal notice claiming deemed approval due to township's failure to hold hearing within 60 days.", "source": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/07/legal-notice-claims-deemed-approval-for-muncy-township-data-center/" } ] }, { "id": "urbana-oh-thor-equities", "name": "Urbana Technology Hub", "operator": "Thor Equities", "owner": "Thor Equities", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "Urbana Investment Group LLC", "locality": "Urbana (Champaign County)", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.11, "lon": -83.75, "size_mw": "", "acres": 230, "announced": "2026-02-18", "rezoning_filed": "2026-02-13", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "In review", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Thor Equities assembled approximately 230 acres near Ohio 55 and US 68 for a 460,000 sq ft, $1B+ data center campus called the Urbana Technology Hub. A site plan application was submitted February 13 but deemed incomplete by city staff. The BZA unanimously denied Thor's appeal. The city council then adopted new zoning codes removing data centers as a permitted use in the M-1 manufacturing district. Thor Equities filed a federal lawsuit in the US District Court for the Southern District of Ohio. A charter amendment petition and mayor recall effort are also underway.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/urbana-bza-denies-appeal-on-proposed-data-center-site-plan/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-04-22", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Urbana City Council approved a zoning code modification permitting data centers in the M-1 Light Manufacturing District and annexed Thor Equities' property.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/05/21/process-ongoing-to-reverse-data-center-zoning/" }, { "date": "2025-08-22", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Urbana Owner I LLC (linked to Thor Equities) purchased a 47.6-acre parcel near the proposed site for $2,143,665.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/01/23/data-center-interest-confirmed-urbana-officials-address-residents-concerns/" }, { "date": "2025-11-01", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "In November 2025, city council approved a Community Reinvestment Area (CRA2) tax abatement agreement for the data center site after three readings.", "source": "https://www.wyso.org/environment-news/2026-06-23/urbana-backed-down-from-rules-paving-way-for-big-data-centers-now-a-developer-is-suing" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Highland55 Investments LLC purchased 85.6 acres southwest of Urbana for $3,210,712.50, the second major land assembly for the campus.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/01/23/data-center-interest-confirmed-urbana-officials-address-residents-concerns/" }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "City Director of Administration Spencer Mitchell publicly confirmed for the first time that a property owner had approached the city about developing a data center.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/01/23/data-center-interest-confirmed-urbana-officials-address-residents-concerns/" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Council members discussed data center concerns at a regular meeting and directed Law Director Feinstein to prepare moratorium legislation for the February 17 meeting.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/urbana-city-council-mulls-moratorium-for-potential-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Site plan application submitted by Choice One Engineering on behalf of Thor Equities; deemed incomplete by city staff.", "source": "https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/urbana-officials-release-public-notice-with-overview-timeline-of-proposed-data-center/MZ42L743BVE5PCILD3FHAHR5GU/" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "kind": "vote", "summary": "City council voted 5-2 to remove a proposed 12-month data center moratorium from the agenda; approximately 50 residents attended the meeting.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/data-center-talk-stirs-controversy-at-urbana-city-council-meeting/" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Data center plans revealed at city meeting.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/02/18/data-center-plans-revealed-at-city-meeting/" }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Thor Equities issued a public statement on the proposed data center, describing it as a $1 billion private investment and pledging water conservation, stable electric rates, and community investment.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/02/23/thor-equities-issues-statement-on-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Urbana City Council passed a 12-month moratorium on new data centers by a 6-1 vote, with Audra Bean the sole dissenter; about 40 residents spoke afterward mostly in support.", "source": "https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/urbana-city-council-passes-12-month-moratorium-on-data-centers/article_e14c275f-6fe9-5209-9c25-c841fe600c75.html" }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Ideastream reported the moratorium left the $1 billion proposal in limbo and identified CyrusOne as a project partner alongside Thor Equities; an online petition opposing the project had gathered over 4,000 signatures within two weeks.", "source": "https://www.ideastream.org/2026-03-04/urbana-passes-moratorium-on-new-data-centers-leaving-1b-proposal-in-limbo" }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Thor Equities formally appeals city's determination that application was incomplete.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/urbana-bza-denies-appeal-on-proposed-data-center-site-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "BZA unanimously denies Thor's appeal, upholding city determination that site plan application was incomplete.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/urbana-bza-denies-appeal-on-proposed-data-center-site-plan/" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Thor Equities launched a project information website, urbanaohiodatacenter.com, with a project overview, economic-benefit claims, and a contact form.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/39642/" }, { "date": "2026-05-01", "kind": "report", "summary": "Thor Equities publicized economic-impact figures for the project: over $1 billion investment, more than $5.8 million in annual local tax revenue, over 1,000 construction jobs, and 30 to 80 permanent positions.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/thor-equities-highlights-economic-impact-of-proposed-urbana-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-05-21", "kind": "vote", "summary": "City council adopts new zoning codes removing data centers as permitted use in M-1 district.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/05/21/process-ongoing-to-reverse-data-center-zoning/" }, { "date": "2026-06-05", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Thor Equities purchased approximately 97 acres from Organ Farms LLC for about $3.4 million, adding a southern access point from U.S. Highway 68 to the proposed campus.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/urbana-city-council-reverses-data-center-zoning-change/" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A public hearing was held on the proposed ordinance to reverse the 2025 zoning amendment and remove data centers as a permitted use in the M-1 district.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/urbana-city-council-reverses-data-center-zoning-change/" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "kind": "vote", "summary": "City council unanimously passed Ordinance 4635-26, restoring the pre-2025 zoning code and completing the removal of data centers as a permitted M-1 use; residents applauded the vote.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/urbana-city-council-reverses-data-center-zoning-change/" }, { "date": "2026-06-19", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Thor Equities files federal lawsuit against City of Urbana in US District Court, Southern District of Ohio.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/06/19/thor-sues-urbana-in-federal-court/" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "In July 2026, Thor Equities launched a direct mail, television, and digital advertising campaign aimed at Urbana residents, describing it as an educational effort to counter misinformation about the project.", "source": "https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/local/urbana-data-center-saga-continues-with-charter-amendment-mayor-recall-developer-campaign/article_3615a5d3-c607-524d-8b52-4f2a12435996.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-07", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Two Urbana residents launched petitions: Nicole Nawman began a charter-amendment petition to bar hyperscale data centers, and James Cropper began a petition to recall Mayor Bill Bean over alleged lack of transparency.", "source": "https://www.wyso.org/news/2026-07-15/two-urbana-residents-start-petitions-in-response-to-data-center-dispute" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "City Law Director Mark Feinstein submitted his resignation to Mayor Bean, effective August 7, 2026, citing a new legal opportunity and family priorities; the city began recruiting a replacement.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/local-news/city-of-urbana-announces-law-director-feinsteins-resignation/" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Nicole Nawman turned in the charter-amendment petition packet to the Champaign County Board of Elections, saying signatures well surpassed the required minimum.", "source": "https://www.wyso.org/news/2026-07-15/two-urbana-residents-start-petitions-in-response-to-data-center-dispute" }, { "date": "2026-07-17", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Champaign County Board of Elections reported the mayoral recall petitions collected enough valid signatures for the recall question to appear on the November 3 general election ballot.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/07/20/mayoral-recall-charter-amendment-on-nov-ballot/" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "A Champaign County Common Pleas judge ordered the city to provide a complete transcript of the April 13 BZA hearing and set briefing deadlines through October 2026; the ruling did not decide the merits of the case.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/featured-news/court-grants-thor-equities-request-in-urbana-data-center-case/" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Urbana City Council approved emergency Ordinance No. 4640-26, sending the proposed data-center-ban charter amendment to the November 3, 2026 ballot, suspending rules to meet the August 5 filing deadline.", "source": "https://www.peakofohio.com/featured-news/urbana-council-sends-proposed-data-center-ban-to-november-ballot/" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Three candidates filed petitions by the August 5 deadline to replace Mayor Bean if he is recalled; Eugene Fields Jr. and Nicole Nawman met the 169-signature threshold while Taylor Armstrong fell four signatures short.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/08/07/candidates-file-to-replace-mayor-bean/" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Champaign County Board of Elections forwarded the charter-amendment petition to the Ohio Secretary of State after finding a typographical error referencing Article VII instead of Article VIII, leaving its ballot status uncertain.", "source": "https://www.urbanacitizen.com/2026/08/07/charter-amendment-petition-contains-error/" } ] }, { "id": "colossus-2", "name": "Colossus 2", "operator": "SpaceXAI", "owner": "SpaceXAI", "tenant": "Anthropic, Cursor, SpaceXAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Memphis", "state": "TN", "lat": 35.07, "lon": -90.03, "size_mw": 946, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B200,B300. Epoch AI estimates ~946 MW.", "source": "https://www.wsj.com/tech/elon-musk-xai-memphis-tennessee-power-dec4c70d", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-07-22", "kind": "construction", "summary": "xAI announced it had begun installing computing infrastructure at its expanded Southwest Memphis data center on Tulane Road, called Colossus 2, saying 110,000 Nvidia GB200 GPUs were being installed.", "source": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2025/07/22/xai-begins-installing-computing-infrastructure-colossus-2/" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Earthjustice and the Southern Environmental Law Center announced they had sent xAI a 60-day Clean Air Act notice of intent to sue over unpermitted gas turbines in Southaven powering Colossus 2.", "source": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/naacp-threatens-lawsuit-over-xais-unpermitted-gas-turbines-in-mississippi" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality public hearing in Southaven on xAI's permit for 41 permanent gas turbines drew hundreds of attendees and, per the report, unanimous opposition from residents citing noise and air-pollution concerns.", "source": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/xai-faces-fierce-opposition-over-southaven-mississippi-power-plant-permit/" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Mississippi Environmental Quality Permit Board unanimously granted xAI affiliate MZX Tech an air permit to install 41 methane gas-fired turbines at its Southaven facility, over community opposition.", "source": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/mississippi-permit-board-grants-xais-request-for-41-southaven-gas-turbines-to-power-memphis-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "The Mississippi State Conference of the NAACP and the national NAACP, represented by SELC and Earthjustice, filed suit against xAI and its subsidiary MZX Tech in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi, alleging illegal operation of unpermitted gas turbines under the Clean Air Act.", "source": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/xai-sued-for-illegal-power-plant" }, { "date": "2026-05-06", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "The NAACP filed a request for a preliminary injunction asking the court to immediately halt xAI's unpermitted air pollution from what it called an illegal power plant, then powering Colossus 2 with 33 unpermitted gas turbines.", "source": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/naacp-asks-court-for-emergency-action-to-stop-illegal-air-pollution-from-xais-data-center-power-plant" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The U.S. Department of Justice moved to intervene in the NAACP lawsuit and asked the court to dismiss it, arguing that shutting off power to the Colossus 2 data center would harm national security because xAI's Grok supports Department of Defense military operations.", "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/06/17/trump-doj-xai-gas-turbines-memphis-national-security/" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "kind": "report", "summary": "Records obtained via public-records request (Trinity Consultants emails to Mississippi regulators) revealed xAI had operated 59 unpermitted gas turbines for Colossus 2, roughly double the 27 the company had publicly acknowledged in January, with at least 57 sited in Southaven, Mississippi.", "source": "https://thenextweb.com/news/xai-59-unpermitted-gas-turbines-memphis-southaven" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality issued an agreed order setting a retirement schedule for xAI's 69 temporary trailer-mounted turbines at the Southaven site, requiring decommissioning to begin August 18, 2026, with most units retired by April 2027 and the most recently added by July 14, 2027, after supply-chain delays to the 41 permanent turbines.", "source": "https://desotocountynews.com/mississippi-news/state-sets-dates-to-retire-temporary-xai-turbines-but-allows-some-to-go-past-original-deadline/" } ] }, { "id": "microsoft-fairwater-atlanta", "name": "Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta", "operator": "Microsoft", "owner": "Microsoft", "tenant": "OpenAI, Microsoft", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Fayetteville (Fayette County)", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.42, "lon": -84.46, "size_mw": 636, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Microsoft AI WAN. Chip types: B200. Epoch AI estimates ~636 MW.", "source": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p7aY9syz319IcEuyukgIIvzmhTNKRS6p/view?usp=sharing", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2022-06-30", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Fayetteville City Council voted 5-0 to annex and rezone 412 acres from R-70 residential to Business Park for a data center office park, with 18 rezoning conditions attached; approximately 24 residents spoke in opposition, some in tears.", "source": "https://thecitizen.com/2022/06/30/its-a-data-center-for-the-center-of-fayette/" }, { "date": "2022-08-15", "kind": "financing", "summary": "QTS purchased 615 acres in Fayetteville for $153.8 million (approximately $250,000 per acre) from the Fayette County Development Authority, brokered by CBRE, for what it called the world's largest multi-tenant data center campus.", "source": "https://www.connectcre.com/stories/qts-buys-154m-of-land-in-fayetteville-for-worlds-largest-data-center-campus/" }, { "date": "2022-09-19", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "QTS publicly announced Project Excalibur: a planned 6.6 million sq ft campus of 16 data center buildings plus 400,000 sq ft of office space on the 615-acre Fayetteville site, with construction to start in 2023 and full build-out by 2032, investing over $1 billion.", "source": "https://www.bisnow.com/atlanta/news/data-center/qts-project-excalibur-to-span-7m-sf-in-fayetteville-115472" }, { "date": "2023-02-28", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Fayetteville Planning and Zoning Commission approved the conceptual site plan and schematic building elevations for the Excalibur Data Center after a 5-6 month Development of Regional Impact review involving GDOT and the Georgia Department of Community Affairs.", "source": "https://www.fayette-news.net/government/fayetteville-planning-commission-approves-qts-site-plan-elevations/article_74353c8e-bd34-11ed-8c59-f769b4557cf4.html" }, { "date": "2023-04-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Land clearing began at the QTS Project Excalibur site in April 2023, per Epoch AI satellite imagery analysis.", "source": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/microsoft-fairwater-atlanta" }, { "date": "2023-06-15", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Fayetteville City Council unanimously approved a development agreement between the City and National Acquisition Company, LLC (QTS affiliate) for the 612-acre data center campus at 1435 Highway 54 West.", "source": "https://thecitizen.com/2023/06/19/fayetteville-approves-development-agreement-for-612-acre-qts-data-center-on-hwy-54-west/" }, { "date": "2024-03-19", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "The Fayette County Development Authority proposed 'Project Rita,' a 96 MW data center campus on 145.5 acres in Tyrone (adjacent to the QTS site), comprising two buildings totaling 490,000 sq ft with a requested Business Technology Park rezoning; the Town Council hearing was scheduled for March 21.", "source": "https://thecitizen.com/2024/03/19/now-its-tyrones-turn-for-a-big-data-center-project/" }, { "date": "2024-03-28", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Tyrone Town Council approved the rezoning for the Microsoft data center (Project Rita) on approximately 147 acres on North Highway 74, following Planning Commission and Town Council public hearings on February 22 and March 21 respectively.", "source": "https://www.tyronega.gov/datacenter" }, { "date": "2025-05-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "The first building on the QTS campus received its certificate of occupancy in May 2025, per the AJC, with a construction completion certificate issued September 25, 2025.", "source": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/11/microsofts-newest-ai-superfactory-opens-at-sprawling-fayetteville-campus/" }, { "date": "2025-05-15", "kind": "report", "summary": "Fayette County Water System sent a letter to QTS revealing that a water meter installed during a system-wide smart-meter upgrade had not been read electronically, resulting in approximately 13 million gallons of unrecorded usage and a retroactive bill of approximately $147,000; the issue was discovered after a neighbor reported low water pressure.", "source": "https://thecitizen.com/2026/05/11/behind-fayettes-qts-water-controversy-a-missed-meter-8000-workers-and-a-massive-construction-project/" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Microsoft's Fairwater 2 data center on the QTS campus began operations in October 2025, spanning more than 1 million sq ft and using closed-loop cooling described as consuming almost zero water.", "source": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/11/microsofts-newest-ai-superfactory-opens-at-sprawling-fayetteville-campus/" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella announced the Fayetteville facility as part of the world's first AI superfactory, connecting the Atlanta Fairwater 2 site with Fairwater 1 in Wisconsin across a single flat network to train AI models at planet scale.", "source": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/11/12/infinite-scale-the-architecture-behind-the-azure-ai-superfactory/" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "In January 2026 Fayetteville City Council passed a 90-day moratorium on new data center development applications while working to revise the Unified Development Ordinance; City Manager Ray Gibson stated 'we do not want anymore data centers in our community.'", "source": "https://www.fayette-news.net/news/fayetteville-passes-90-day-moratorium-for-data-center-developments/article_d3771825-8187-49fa-b117-ae54b4738ef3.html" }, { "date": "2026-02-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "WBRC reported on community impacts from the QTS/Microsoft campus, with resident Diana Dietz citing heavy truck traffic on residential roads, transmission lines through neighborhoods, and concerns over rising power and water bills; QTS stated it uses water-free cooling and is committed to paying its fair share of power costs.", "source": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/02/22/georgia-data-center-boom-what-its-like-have-one-your-community/" }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "Crow Holdings Development withdrew its appeal of a denied data center project on Highway 85 North in Fayetteville one day before the scheduled City Council hearing; the city had also enacted UDO changes on March 5 that made data centers no longer permissible.", "source": "https://thecitizen.com/2026/03/19/data-center-appeal-withdrawn-in-fayetteville-the-power-of-the-people/" }, { "date": "2026-06-08", "kind": "financing", "summary": "QTS Fayetteville I DC1-2, LLC began sounding out investors for $5.4 billion in new debt ($4.9 billion secured bond plus $500 million term loan) to finance expansion of the Fayetteville campus leased to Microsoft, under an updated green bond framework with a PUE threshold tightened from 1.5 to 1.4.", "source": "https://anthropocenefii.org/bond-spotlight/qts-fayetteville-microsoft-tied-data-centre-green-bond" } ] }, { "id": "anthropic-amazon-new-carlisle", "name": "Anthropic-Amazon New Carlisle", "operator": "Amazon", "owner": "Amazon", "tenant": "Anthropic", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "New Carlisle", "state": "IN", "lat": 41.7, "lon": -86.51, "size_mw": 910, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Project Rainier. Chip types: Trainium2. Epoch AI estimates ~910 MW.", "source": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BKiTFNUk2KDaUaiHG7fz0KlkNSBTHzbb/view?usp=sharing", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-11-09", "kind": "filing", "summary": "St. Joseph County Redevelopment Commission approved Resolution 2023-16, a development facilitation agreement between the Commission, the Indiana Economic Development Corporation, and Razor5 LLC for pre-development activities on 640 acres in the New Carlisle Economic Development Area.", "source": "https://www.sjcparks.org/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_11092023-1809" }, { "date": "2024-02-17", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Local media reported construction activity already underway on the Razor5 site near New Carlisle, including an electrical substation pad on 45 acres near Edison Road and excavation on the northern parcel, before the developer's identity was publicly confirmed.", "source": "https://hometownnewsnow.com/local-news/729629/mystery-project-near-new-carlisle-already-underway" }, { "date": "2024-02-20", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "St. Joseph County Area Plan Commission voted 6-1 to give a favorable recommendation for rezoning over 800 acres at 31000 State Road 2 from agricultural to industrial classification for the Razor5 project, sparking complaints from New Carlisle residents.", "source": "https://www.wndu.com/2024/02/21/new-rezoning-development-new-carlisle-sparks-complaints-residents/" }, { "date": "2024-03-12", "kind": "vote", "summary": "St. Joseph County Council voted 8-1 to rezone approximately 640 acres of agricultural land near New Carlisle to industrial use for the Razor5 LLC project, with Council Republican Joe Thomas casting the lone dissenting vote.", "source": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/development-zoning-vote-meeting-jobs-company-industrial-land-gm-samsung-electric-vehicle-battery-plant-ev-farm-state-road-2-larrison-granger-council-area-plan-commission-st-joseph-county-indiana" }, { "date": "2024-04-11", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Tax abatement proposal documents presented to the St. Joseph County Council revealed the Razor5 project would total $11 billion in investment across 640 acres and a secondary 280-acre parcel, projecting 400 full-time jobs at approximately $30 per hour.", "source": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2024-04-11/razor5-project-could-total-11-billion-in-investment-documents-say" }, { "date": "2024-04-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Eric Holcomb announced Amazon Web Services plans to invest $11 billion to build a data center campus near New Carlisle, the largest capital investment in Indiana history, with at least 1,000 jobs over 10 years; state incentives included up to $18.3 million in tax credits, $55 million in Hoosier Business Investment credits, and $7 million for State Road 2 improvements.", "source": "https://www.iedc.in.gov/events/news/details/2024/04/25/gov.-holcomb-announces-amazon-web-services-plans-to-invest-11b-to-create-a-new-data-center-campus-in-northern-indiana" }, { "date": "2024-05-28", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "St. Joseph County Council committee voted a favorable recommendation on the Amazon data center tax abatement declaratory resolution, advancing it to the full county council for a public hearing scheduled for June 11.", "source": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/amazon-data-center-tax-abatement-revenue-infrastructure-real-personal-property-investment-council-meeting-new-carlisle-st-joseph-county-indiana" }, { "date": "2024-08-13", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "St. Joseph County Council voted 7-2 to approve the Amazon data center incentive package: a 10-year 50% real property tax abatement on 870 acres, an 85% enterprise technology exemption on personal property for 35 years, and a community enhancement agreement valued at approximately $143 million.", "source": "https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/incentives-approved-for-amazon-data-center-project" }, { "date": "2024-09-30", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Amazon held a ceremonial groundbreaking for Project Rainier at Century Center in South Bend, attended by Governor Holcomb and AWS VP Kevin Miller; construction on the 870-acre site had already been underway for months prior to the ceremony.", "source": "https://www.wndu.com/2024/09/30/amazon-holds-groundbreaking-ceremony-new-data-center-new-carlisle/" }, { "date": "2025-09-01", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "In September 2025, the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission unanimously approved the creation of NIPSCO Generation LLC (GenCo), described as America's first data center-only utility subsidiary, to generate and sell electricity exclusively to hyperscale data centers including the Amazon New Carlisle campus.", "source": "https://www.circleofblue.org/2026/water-energy/inside-americas-first-data-center-only-utility/" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Amazon announced Project Rainier was operational in New Carlisle with seven data center buildings running approximately 500,000 Trainium2 chips dedicated to training Anthropic's Claude AI models, making it the largest known deployment of non-Nvidia compute in the world.", "source": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/amazons-project-rainier-starts-operations-create-jobs-ai-billion-dollar-project-near-new-carlisle-st-joseph-county-indiana" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Amazon announced an additional $15 billion investment in new data center campuses across northern Indiana, bringing total committed investment to approximately $26 billion, with a NIPSCO energy deal projected to save existing ratepayers $1 billion over 15 years.", "source": "https://www.wndu.com/2025/11/24/amazon-announces-15-billion-investment-data-center-campuses-northern-indiana/" }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "kind": "filing", "summary": "NIPSCO filed plans to supply up to 3 GW to Amazon data centers in northern Indiana through GenCo, which will build two 1.3-GW gas-fired power plants and a 400-MW battery storage system, with power deliveries beginning January 1, 2027, and ramping to 2.4 GW by end of 2032.", "source": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/nisource-nipsco-amazon-data-centers-indiana/806396/" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Four Republican members of the St. Joseph County Council sent Amazon a letter asking it to renegotiate its 35-year property tax abatement, citing Microsoft's national policy of forgoing local tax breaks and the region's inherent advantages including one of the nation's richest aquifers.", "source": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-03-30/council-members-ask-amazon-to-renegotiate-data-center-tax-break" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Amazon granted local media the first look at the New Carlisle data center campus administration building and workforce development programs; the first work-based learning cohort of 58 local graduates had completed training in machine learning and data center operations.", "source": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/first-look-at-amazons-new-carlisle-data-centers-administration-building-campus-11-billion-dollar-investment-recruit-workers-technical-careers-multiple-buildings" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "kind": "construction", "summary": "AWS announced its New Carlisle campus investment had reached $13.8 billion with 18 of approximately 30 planned buildings operational, over 1,000 employees hired (approximately 450 from St. Joseph County), and up to 4,000 construction workers on site during peak phases.", "source": "https://www.wndu.com/2026/07/23/amazon-web-services-investment-st-joseph-county-data-center-campus-surpasses-138-billion/" } ] }, { "id": "meta-prometheus", "name": "Meta Prometheus", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.08, "lon": -82.79, "size_mw": 562, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Prometheus. Chip types: B200. Epoch AI estimates ~562 MW.", "source": "https://engineering.fb.com/2025/09/29/data-infrastructure/metas-infrastructure-evolution-and-the-advent-of-ai/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2022-04-21", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta announced a further expansion of its New Albany data center campus, adding buildings that brought total investment in Ohio to more than $1.5 billion and supporting 300 operational jobs and 1,200 peak construction workers.", "source": "https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/meta-new-albany-data-center-announces-expansion-investment-over-billions-dollars-jobs-renewable-energy-stem-learning-central-ohio-thursday-4-21-2022" }, { "date": "2025-03-27", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Power Engineering reported that Will-Power (Williams Companies) had filed with the Ohio Power Siting Board for two behind-the-meter natural gas plants, Socrates North and Socrates South, each 200 MW, at Meta's New Albany International Business Park campus, with a planned in-service date of Q3 2026.", "source": "https://www.power-eng.com/news/onsite-gas-plants-proposed-for-data-centers-in-ohio/" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "kind": "approval", "summary": "The Ohio Power Siting Board approved the Socrates South Power Generation Project, a 200 MW behind-the-meter natural gas plant in Licking County to be built by Will-Power OH (a Williams Companies subsidiary) to serve exclusively Sidecat, part of Meta Platforms, on its 740-acre New Albany Business Park campus.", "source": "https://www.powermag.com/new-200-mw-gas-fired-plant-in-ohio-will-power-meta-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-06-11", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Power Engineering reported that construction on the Socrates South 200 MW natural gas plant serving Sidecat (Meta) in New Albany was planned to begin in June 2025 with expected completion in November 2026, detailing the turbine fleet including Solar Turbines Titan 250s, Siemens SGT400s, and Caterpillar reciprocating engines.", "source": "https://www.power-eng.com/onsite-power/onsite-gas-turbines-reciprocating-engines-to-power-meta-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-07-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced on Threads and Facebook that Meta's first AI supercluster, Prometheus, a 1-gigawatt data center in New Albany, Ohio, will come online in 2026, alongside a larger Hyperion cluster and hundreds of billions of dollars in compute investment.", "source": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/14/meta-zuckerberg-ai.html" }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "kind": "operational", "summary": "A Meta engineering blog post described Prometheus as a 1-gigawatt cluster spanning multiple traditional data center buildings plus weatherproof tents and adjacent colocation facilities, and said the buildout was currently underway.", "source": "https://engineering.fb.com/2025/09/29/data-infrastructure/metas-infrastructure-evolution-and-the-advent-of-ai/" }, { "date": "2025-11-01", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "In early November 2025, Turner Construction evacuated over 1,000 workers from the Prometheus data center construction site in New Albany after a terminated contractor returned and threatened a supervisor with a firearm; security confiscated the weapon and law enforcement responded.", "source": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/construction-work-resumes-on-metas-prometheus-data-center-in-ohio-after-firearm-incident/" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Spectrum News 1 reported on Meta's Prometheus in New Albany as potentially the world's first gigawatt-scale data center, noting on-site gas-fired power plants; Mayor Sloan Spalding said the facility would not draw energy off the grid, and residents raised concerns about local power reliability.", "source": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2025/11/13/meta-gigawatt-data-center-new-albany-" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Meta announced nuclear energy agreements with Oklo, Vistra and TerraPower for up to 6.6 GW by 2035, stating the projects will deliver power to grids supporting its operations including the Prometheus supercluster in New Albany, Ohio.", "source": "https://about.fb.com/news/2026/01/meta-nuclear-energy-projects-power-american-ai-leadership/" }, { "date": "2026-01-19", "kind": "report", "summary": "WOSU reported that a University of Virginia/Joyce Foundation study found Columbus will become the second-largest data center hub in the Great Lakes region behind Chicago, noting Meta is wrapping up construction on its Prometheus gigawatt-scale data center in New Albany and that Ohio data centers currently consume 5.3% of the state's energy, projected to reach 10.9% within four years.", "source": "https://www.wosu.org/2026-01-19/columbus-will-become-second-largest-data-center-hub-in-the-great-lakes-region-report-says" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Corning and Meta announced a multiyear agreement worth up to $6 billion for Corning to supply optical fiber, cable, and connectivity solutions for Meta's U.S. data center buildout, with Corning expanding its Hickory, North Carolina, manufacturing facility where Meta will be the anchor customer.", "source": "https://investor.corning.com/news-and-events/news/news-details/2026/Corning-and-Meta-Announce-Multiyear-up-to-6-Billion-Agreement-to-Accelerate-US-Data-Center-Buildout/default.aspx" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The American Prospect reported that Meta opened its first Ohio data center in 2017 under the operating name Sidecat LLC after state lawmakers approved $37 million in tax breaks, and that Meta plans to open its one-gigawatt Prometheus AI cluster housed in five or more buildings in 2026.", "source": "https://prospect.org/2026/03/05/ohio-tech-ai-data-centers-meta-amazon-google-energy/" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Energies Media reported that Williams expects to bring each of its Socrates power generation facilities in New Albany online around the end of 2026, with construction anticipated to begin during 2025 and a one-year commissioning period following construction start.", "source": "https://energiesmedia.com/williams-moves-the-socrates-infrastructure/" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Governor DeWine ordered the Ohio Tax Credit Authority to pause consideration of new data center sales tax exemption requests after the state underestimated the 2025 cost of the exemption by more than $1.4 billion, directing the pause to take effect after the Authority's June 1 meeting while a Joint Data Center Committee studies the issue.", "source": "https://www.statenews.org/government-politics/2026-05-27/gov-dewine-freezes-controversial-data-center-tax-break-for-now" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "kind": "approval", "summary": "The Ohio Power Siting Board authorized construction of the Socrates the Younger (STY) Power Generation Facility, a 250 MW natural gas plant with 116 MW battery storage on 109 acres in Licking County, New Albany, to serve Sidecat LLC (Meta) behind-the-meter, subject to 36 conditions.", "source": "https://www.knoxpages.com/2026/06/26/opsb-authorizes-construction-of-licking-county-power-plant/" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Mark Zuckerberg announced the $1 billion Future Is for Everyone Fund to invest in communities where Meta owns or is building data centers, including New Albany, targeting locally identified priorities such as schools, teachers, first responders, and energy and water infrastructure.", "source": "https://www.alreporter.com/2026/08/11/meta-launches-1-billion-fund-supporting-data-center-communities/" } ] }, { "id": "microsoft-fairwater-wisconsin", "name": "Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin", "operator": "Microsoft", "owner": "Microsoft", "tenant": "OpenAI, Microsoft", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Mount Pleasant", "state": "WI", "lat": 42.72, "lon": -87.84, "size_mw": 369, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Microsoft AI WAN. Chip types: B200. Epoch AI estimates ~369 MW.", "source": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/09/18/inside-the-worlds-most-powerful-ai-datacenter/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-03-30", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Mount Pleasant Village Board unanimously approved three agreements with Microsoft for the purchase and development of approximately 315 acres in Tax Increment District No. 5 for $50,085,000.", "source": "https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2023/03/31/mount-pleasant-village-board-approves-agreements-with-microsoft" }, { "date": "2023-04-19", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Racine County Board of Supervisors voted 18-1 to approve Microsoft's $1 billion data center project on 315 acres in Mount Pleasant; Microsoft required to purchase the land for $50 million by July 31, 2023.", "source": "https://www.wbay.com/2023/04/19/board-oks-microsoft-data-center-near-foxconn-racine-county/" }, { "date": "2023-05-30", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Microsoft completed the $50 million purchase of 315 acres in Mount Pleasant's Tax Increment District 5, land originally acquired by Foxconn in 2017; Foxconn received proceeds as partial reimbursement.", "source": "https://dailyreporter.com/2023/05/30/microsoft-completes-50m-land-purchase-deal-with-mount-pleasant/" }, { "date": "2023-08-27", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Earthwork and excavation began on the Microsoft data center site in Mount Pleasant, with Walsh Construction (Chicago) leading construction services on the 215-acre campus.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/walsh-1b-microsoft-data-center-former-foxconn-site-construction-mount-pleasant-wisconsin/693073/" }, { "date": "2024-05-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Microsoft announced a $3.3 billion investment in an AI data center campus in Mount Pleasant; President Biden joined Microsoft President Brad Smith at Gateway Technical College for the announcement, which included 2,300 union construction jobs and a 250 MW solar project.", "source": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2024/05/08/microsoft-announces-3-3-billion-investment-in-wisconsin-to-spur-artificial-intelligence-innovation-and-economic-growth/" }, { "date": "2024-12-23", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Microsoft paused construction on portions of its Mount Pleasant data center site, stating it was 'refining our data center design'; the first phase remained on track for 2026 completion.", "source": "https://dailyreporter.com/2024/12/23/microsoft-pauses-some-work-at-mount-pleasant-data-center-site/" }, { "date": "2025-03-20", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Microsoft paused construction again on a 900-acre expansion area west of the main campus, citing evaluation of 'scope and recent changes in technology'; the company's $3.3 billion commitment and first-phase 2026 timeline remained intact.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-pauses-construction-on-parts-of-mount-pleasant-site-again" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Microsoft announced an additional $4 billion investment for a second data center in Mount Pleasant, bringing total Wisconsin investment to over $7 billion; the second facility is expected to be completed by 2028.", "source": "https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/09/18/racine-county--data-center--addition--4-billion--microsoft" }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Caledonia Plan Commission voted 5-2 to rezone 245 acres from agricultural to light industrial for Microsoft's third data center (Project Nova) near the We Energies Oak Creek Power Plant, after more than 40 residents spoke against it.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/caledonia-rezoning-microsoft-data-center-wisconsin" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Microsoft proposed a $13.3 billion expansion in Mount Pleasant with two new campuses totaling 15 data centers across more than 1,300 acres, potentially generating over $76 million in annual property tax revenue.", "source": "https://racinecountyeye.com/2026/01/20/microsoft-13b-expand-mount-pleasant/" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Mount Pleasant Village Board unanimously approved site plans for 15 additional Microsoft data centers on two campuses (9 buildings on 791 acres near Durand Avenue, 6 buildings on 530 acres along International Drive), with anticipated power demand of approximately 2 gigawatts when fully developed.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/mount-pleasant-approves-site-plans-microsoft-data-center-expansion" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "In April 2026, Microsoft brought equipment online and began startup activities at the Fairwater data center, its first facility in Mount Pleasant.", "source": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2026/06/23/microsoft-completes-construction-on-first-datacenter-facility-in-mount-pleasant-wisconsin/" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Microsoft announced the Fairwater data center in Mount Pleasant is fully operational, calling it 'the world's most powerful supercomputer'; the 1.2-million-square-foot facility employs approximately 550 full-time workers and was built by nearly 10,000 construction workers over two years.", "source": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2026/06/23/microsoft-completes-construction-on-first-datacenter-facility-in-mount-pleasant-wisconsin/" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Three Sturtevant residents filed a class-action lawsuit against Microsoft in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, alleging significant noise pollution from diesel generators and HVAC systems at the Fairwater data center, seeking to represent over 1,000 households within 1.5 miles.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-sued-noise-complaints-at-new-mount-pleasant-data-center" } ] }, { "id": "google-columbus", "name": "Google Columbus", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Columbus", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.9, "lon": -82.98, "size_mw": 303, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v5e,TPU v5p,TPU v6e,TPU v7. Epoch AI estimates ~303 MW.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-breaks-ground-on-columbus-ohio-data-center/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2021-03-01", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "In March 2021 the Columbus City Council voted 6-to-1 to approve a 15-year, 100% property tax abatement worth $54.3 million for Magellan Enterprises LLC (later revealed to be a Google subsidiary) for a $300 million data center at 5076 S. High Street; council members did not learn the applicant was Google until months later.", "source": "https://www.governing.com/infrastructure/ohio-throws-hundreds-of-millions-to-tech-giants-data-centers" }, { "date": "2021-05-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "In May 2021 Google, operating as Magellan Enterprises LLC, purchased the 480-acre former Hartman Stock Farm property at 5076 S. High Street in Columbus for more than $30 million, according to Franklin County Auditor records.", "source": "https://columbusconstruction.org/work-underway-on-two-more-google-datacenters-in-ohio/" }, { "date": "2022-06-23", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Google broke ground on its $300 million, 150,000-square-foot Columbus data center at the former Hartman Farm site, ahead of schedule, with an expected completion by end of 2025 and 20 permanent jobs; the company also signed a Good Neighbor Agreement with the Far South Columbus Area Commission to preserve roughly one-third of the 496-acre site as green space.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/news/google-breaks-ground-on-its-300m-ohio-data-center" }, { "date": "2023-05-04", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google publicly confirmed plans for two new data centers in Columbus (5076 S. High St., ~500 acres, ~$300 million) and Lancaster (104 Whiley Road, ~120 acres, $120 million) as part of its over-$2 billion total Ohio investment since 2019.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-plans-2-new-data-centers-ohio-columbus-lancaster/649470/" }, { "date": "2023-08-30", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Google announced an additional $1.7 billion investment across its three central Ohio data center campuses in Columbus, Lancaster, and New Albany to complete the Columbus and Lancaster facilities and expand New Albany, bringing total Ohio data center investment past $2 billion.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-ohio-data-center-campus-expansion-columbus-lancaster-new-albany/692216/" }, { "date": "2024-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "The Google Lockbourne data center at 5076 S. High Street in Columbus became fully operational in 2024, comprising four buildings (Metro Park, Cloud Center, Cloud Ridge, and Cloud Station) on the campus.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-lockbourne-oh" }, { "date": "2024-06-18", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Google announced an additional $2.3 billion investment in its three central Ohio data center campuses (Columbus, New Albany, Lancaster) for cloud services and AI infrastructure, bringing total Ohio investment past $4.4 billion since 2019.", "source": "https://www.wosu.org/2024-06-18/google-to-invest-another-2-3-billion-in-central-ohio-data-centers" }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "In November 2024 the Columbus City Council voted 9-0 to raise water and sewer rates; Google's Far South Side data center consumed 177 million gallons of water in 2024 during its first year of operation.", "source": "https://freepress.org/article/google-s-columbus-data-center-secrets-exposed" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Google signed a 15-year power purchase agreement with TotalEnergies for the 49-MW Montpelier solar farm in Williams County, Ohio, to supply 1.5 TWh of renewable electricity to its Ohio data center operations.", "source": "https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2025/11/google-inks-ppa-for-49-mw-solar-project-to-power-ohio-data-center-operations/" }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "WOSU reported that data centers are a main driver of rising utility costs in Columbus, with AEP Ohio, Columbia Gas, and Columbus Water all seeking rate increases projected to add $36/month for average customers by 2027; PUCO held public hearings in December 2025.", "source": "https://www.wosu.org/politics-government/2025-12-23/columbus-may-see-higher-electric-gas-and-water-costs-caused-by-data-center-energy-demands" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Columbus Free Press reported that Google's Far South Side facility used 177 million gallons of water in 2024, documented visible steam emissions near residential areas, and quoted former Far South Side area commissioner Bruce Miller saying hundreds of resident voices were ignored during the approval process.", "source": "https://freepress.org/article/google-s-columbus-data-center-secrets-exposed" } ] }, { "id": "google-new-albany", "name": "Google New Albany", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.08, "lon": -82.79, "size_mw": 339, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v5e,TPU v5p,TPU v6e,TPU v7. Epoch AI estimates ~339 MW.", "source": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KN7o-wQOyt1UEud8wpM8PymXJF479r0n/view?usp=sharing", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2018-12-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "In December 2018, Google affiliate Montauk Innovations LLC announced it was considering New Albany for a $600 million data center and acquired over 440 acres in Franklin and Licking counties for $54.5 million.", "source": "https://614now.com/2018/development/google-throwing-money-at-central-ohio" }, { "date": "2018-12-01", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "In December 2018, the Ohio Tax Credit Authority approved a 100%, 15-year sales tax exemption for Google's Montauk Innovations data center project, valued at approximately $43.5 million over the life of the credit and renewable for up to 40 years.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-starts-construction-on-600m-data-center-in-unlikely-burgeoning-tech/566813/" }, { "date": "2019-11-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Holder Construction broke ground on November 1, 2019 on Google's $600 million data center on 440 acres in New Albany, part of Google's $13 billion 2019 expansion plan for seven new U.S. data centers.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-starts-construction-on-600m-data-center-in-unlikely-burgeoning-tech/566813/" }, { "date": "2019-11-01", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "New Albany's incentive package for Google included 100% property tax abatement for 15 years and a waiver of up to $250,000 in building and permitting fees, with a minimum annual revenue generation requirement of $750,000 beginning in 2021.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-starts-construction-on-600m-data-center-in-unlikely-burgeoning-tech/566813/" }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google's New Albany data center was completed and became operational in 2021, according to property records listing the year built as 2021.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-new-albany-ohio" }, { "date": "2021-08-20", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "On August 20, 2021, Google announced an additional $1 billion investment to expand its New Albany data center campus and disclosed it had acquired 618 more acres (500 in Columbus, approximately 120 in Lancaster) for potential future data centers, bringing total Ohio acreage to over 1,000.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11427996/google-plans-1-billion-data-center-expansion-in-ohio-cloud-cluster" }, { "date": "2022-05-24", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google launched its Columbus Ohio cloud region (us-east5) on May 24, 2022, its 2nd Midwest region, 10th in North America, and 33rd globally, with three availability zones served by the New Albany data center infrastructure.", "source": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure/new-google-cloud-region-in-columbus-ohio-is-open" }, { "date": "2023-05-04", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "On May 4, 2023, Google announced it would build two additional data centers in Columbus and Lancaster, Ohio, expanding beyond its existing New Albany campus to create a trio of Central Ohio facilities.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-plans-2-new-data-centers-ohio-columbus-lancaster/649470/" }, { "date": "2023-08-29", "kind": "financing", "summary": "On August 29, 2023, Google announced a $1.7 billion investment to support its three Central Ohio data center campuses in New Albany, Columbus, and Lancaster, bringing cumulative Ohio investment to over $3.7 billion; each facility generates roughly 1,200 construction jobs and several hundred permanent positions.", "source": "https://www.statenews.org/government-politics/2023-08-29/google-announces-1-7-billion-investment-in-3-central-ohio-data-centers" }, { "date": "2024-06-18", "kind": "financing", "summary": "On June 18, 2024, Google announced an additional $2.3 billion investment across its Columbus, New Albany, and Lancaster data center sites, bringing cumulative Ohio spending to over $4.4 billion since 2019.", "source": "https://www.wosu.org/2024-06-18/google-to-invest-another-2-3-billion-in-central-ohio-data-centers" }, { "date": "2025-05-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "In May 2025, Google subsidiary Montauk Innovations acquired an additional 85-acre parcel on Harrison Road Northwest in New Albany's business park in Licking County for $63 million.", "source": "https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/google-montauk-innovations-acquires-85-acre-site-new-albany-potential-project-data-center-columbus-central-ohio-licking-county-auditor-tech-silicon-heartland" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "kind": "utility", "summary": "On November 12, 2025, TotalEnergies announced a 15-year power purchase agreement to supply Google's Ohio data centers with 1.5 TWh of certified renewable electricity from the Montpelier solar farm in Ohio, connected to the PJM grid.", "source": "https://totalenergies.com/news/press-releases/united-states-totalenergies-supply-renewable-power-googles-data-centers-15" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "kind": "public-comment", "summary": "On April 2, 2026, the Ohio Ballot Board unanimously approved a petition drive for a constitutional amendment to ban new data centers consuming over 25 MW monthly, requiring 400,000+ signatures by July 2026; the campaign cited New Albany-area data center impacts including rising electric rates and farmland loss.", "source": "https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/ohio-ballot-board-unanimously-approves-petition-drive-data-center-ban-constitutional-amendment-new-albany-dublin-hilliard-columbus" } ] }, { "id": "google-council-bluffs-east", "name": "Google Council Bluffs (East)", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Council Bluffs", "state": "IA", "lat": 41.22, "lon": -95.86, "size_mw": 237, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v5e,TPU v6e,TPU v5p,TPU v7. Epoch AI estimates ~237 MW.", "source": "https://programs.iowadnr.gov/easyair/Public/EnSuite/Shared/Pages/Util/ServerRptViewer.aspx?sr=/IDNR/Reports/EASY/RPT_Construction_Application_A_GEN&SUBMISSION_RID=67330&SUB_FORM_RID=148293", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2007-06-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "In June 2007, Google announced a $600 million investment to build a data center at a former drive-in theater site on Veterans Memorial Highway in Council Bluffs, with the first phase targeted for completion in 2009.", "source": "https://datacenters.google/locations/iowa/" }, { "date": "2013-10-03", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google held a grand opening for its second Council Bluffs campus on Bunge Avenue, starting with 50 employees focused on installing, upgrading, and maintaining servers.", "source": "https://www.nonpareilonline.com/news/local/google-shows-off-new-council-bluffs-data-center-at-grand/article_681daef8-2c94-11e3-937f-0019bb2963f4.html" }, { "date": "2014-03-28", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a third expansion phase (Southlands) in Council Bluffs, creating 35 additional positions and bringing total investment to $1.5 billion, the largest private investment in Iowa history at that time; the state increased Google's sales and use tax abatement from $9.6 million to $16.8 million.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_Bluffs,_Iowa" }, { "date": "2023-08-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a $350 million expansion of its Council Bluffs data center, the third expansion since 2007, along with a $250,000 grant to Advance Southwest Iowa; the campus then spanned over 2.5 million square feet east of Interstate 29 on Bunge Avenue.", "source": "https://www.wowt.com/2023/08/08/google-announces-350-million-expansion-council-bluffs-data-center/" }, { "date": "2024-07-02", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced an additional $1 billion investment in its Council Bluffs data center plus $1.3 million for water preservation in the Missouri River Valley Basin, bringing the campus to approximately 3 million square feet and total investment to over $6 billion.", "source": "https://www.wowt.com/2024/07/02/google-investing-another-1-billion-into-council-bluffs-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-05-30", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a $7 billion investment in Iowa over the next two years for a new data center in Cedar Rapids and expansion of its existing Council Bluffs facility, plus a partnership with the Electrical Training Alliance to increase Iowa's electrical workforce pipeline by 95 percent.", "source": "https://blog.google/feed/new-7-billion-investment-iowa/" }, { "date": "2025-10-27", "kind": "utility", "summary": "Google and NextEra Energy announced a collaboration to restart the 615 MW Duane Arnold nuclear plant in Iowa under a 25-year power purchase agreement, with operations expected by Q1 2029, to support Google's expanding Iowa data center operations.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nextera-energy-and-google-announce-new-collaboration-to-accelerate-nuclear-energy-deployment-in-the-us-302595786.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Google gave $3 million to Omaha's Metropolitan Utilities District to install acoustic leak detection sensors across 500 miles of high-priority water lines, part of a $17 million water stewardship initiative across seven states including Iowa where Google operates data centers.", "source": "https://thereader.com/news/google-gives-3-million-to-mud-to-reduce-water-use-in-omaha" }, { "date": "2026-06-18", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Council Bluffs City Council rejected Mayor Jill Shudak's proposed 12-month moratorium on new data center construction; Public Works Director Matt Cox noted data centers request one to two million gallons of water per day and individual projects could max out sewer capacity.", "source": "https://www.radioiowa.com/2026/06/18/council-bluffs-city-council-rejects-data-center-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "report", "summary": "Flatwater Free Press reported that Google self-reported its Council Bluffs facility consumed 1.3 billion gallons of water in 2025, more than any of its other data center locations worldwide that year.", "source": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/data-centers-can-guzzle-serious-water-as-some-nebraskans-worry-tech-giants-seek-solutions/" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "kind": "construction", "summary": "A construction apprentice was trapped under an elevator at Google Southlands in Council Bluffs and airlifted to a hospital after the Council Bluffs Fire Department extracted him; the incident occurred at approximately 5 p.m. during ongoing construction work.", "source": "https://www.wowt.com/2026/08/04/one-hospitalized-after-being-entrapped-elevator-google-data-center-council-bluffs/" } ] }, { "id": "google-lincoln", "name": "Google Lincoln", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Lincoln", "state": "NE", "lat": 40.76, "lon": -96.65, "size_mw": 141, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Epoch AI estimates ~141 MW.", "source": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Application_no-_NWO-2019-00110-WEH_-_USACE-p16021coll15-1525.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2019-07-10", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Agate LLC, a Delaware-based company described as a front company for an undisclosed entity, filed site plans with the Lincoln-Lancaster County Planning Department for a data center with at least two buildings on approximately 590 acres at 56th and I-80 north of Lincoln.", "source": "https://www.klkntv.com/large-data-center-planned-for-construction-near-lincoln/" }, { "date": "2019-08-26", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "The Lincoln City Council agenda included proposals by Agate LLC to annex approximately 576 acres near I-80 and Highway 77 and rezone from AG Agriculture to I-3 Employment Center District for a planned data center; council members were tight-lipped but indicated substantial economic development, and Google was widely suspected as the operator.", "source": "https://www.klkntv.com/lincoln-city-council-set-to-move-forward-on-planned-data-center/" }, { "date": "2019-11-06", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Agate LLC, the shell company behind the Lincoln data center, purchased approximately 600 acres northwest of the 56th Street exit on I-80 for over $18.6 million; filings projected 160 full-time employees by 2022, 480 by 2025, and 960 by 2040.", "source": "https://www.klkntv.com/company-behind-lincoln-data-center-buys-large-swath-of-land/" }, { "date": "2023-08-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced it will build its third data center in Nebraska, located north of Lincoln at the northwest corner of 56th Street and Interstate 80; the announcement was made at Google's Papillion campus with Rep. Mike Flood, Sen. Deb Fischer, and Lincoln Mayor Leirion Gaylor Baird present.", "source": "https://www.klkntv.com/third-google-data-center-in-nebraska-to-be-built-north-of-lincoln/" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Governor Jim Pillen signed an executive order halting tax subsidies to large-scale data centers in Nebraska and established a data center task force to investigate environmental and water impacts; the article identifies the Google Lincoln facility at North 56th and Highway 77 as a $1.2 billion project with construction actively ongoing.", "source": "https://www.klkntv.com/gov-pillens-new-executive-order-brings-hope-to-those-worried-about-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Google representatives and Lincoln city leaders discussed the data center's operational status; facility manager Jake Laney said a couple hundred workers are on site, and Chief Sustainability Officer Kim Morrow said the city is not looking to add any more data centers to Lincoln for the foreseeable future.", "source": "https://www.klkntv.com/google-shares-update-on-lincoln-data-center/" } ] }, { "id": "google-bristow", "name": "Google Bristow", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Bristow (Prince William County)", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.73, "lon": -77.54, "size_mw": 279, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v5e,TPU v5p,TPU v6e,TPU v7. Epoch AI estimates ~279 MW.", "source": "https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2026-environmental-report/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google's Prince William County data center campus in Bristow, a roughly 290,000-square-foot facility on the 250-acre Mango Farm site at 13001 Rollins Ford Road, was built and became operational in 2023, according to Virginia Business.", "source": "https://virginiabusiness.com/google-investing-1b-in-va-data-center-campuses/" }, { "date": "2023-11-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "In November 2023, Delaware-based Sharpless Enterprises LLC, a shell company linked to Google, submitted plans to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for a 181-acre data center campus with four buildings, an electric substation, and auxiliary structures on Wellington Road in western Prince William County, on the former Atlantic Research Corporation site.", "source": "https://www.insidenova.com/news/business/army-corps-of-engineers-greenlights-bristow-data-center-complex/article_49d8ed9a-dd87-11ee-9f08-d383b6399e7e.html" }, { "date": "2024-03-07", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers approved Sharpless Enterprises' application for the 181-acre data center complex at 6201 Wellington Road near Bristow, after reviewing potential impacts on nearby wetlands and streams; Corps biologist Anna Lawston said nothing substantial changed between the initial application and final approval.", "source": "https://www.insidenova.com/news/business/army-corps-of-engineers-greenlights-bristow-data-center-complex/article_49d8ed9a-dd87-11ee-9f08-d383b6399e7e.html" }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a $1 billion investment to expand its Virginia data centers, including its newly opened Prince William County campus and two Loudoun County sites, bringing total Virginia investment to over $4.2 billion; Governor Youngkin attended the announcement at Google's Reston headquarters.", "source": "https://wtop.com/virginia/2024/04/google-announces-1b-for-data-center-expansion-in-loudoun-prince-william-counties/" }, { "date": "2025-08-27", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced an additional $9 billion investment in Virginia through the end of 2026 for cloud and AI infrastructure, including expansion of existing facilities in Prince William County; the Bristow Mango Farm complex is included in the investment, per the Prince William Times.", "source": "https://www.vedp.org/press-release/2025-08/google-chesterfield" }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Prince William Times reported that Google's Mango Farm data center complex at 13001 Rollins Ford Road in Bristow, next to Gainesville High School, occupies 250 acres with one operational data center of about 290,000 square feet, is valued at $1.2 billion by Prince William County, and has plans filed for at least two more data centers on the site.", "source": "https://www.fauquier.com/news/data-centers-near-gainesville-high-part-of-googles-9b-spend-in-virginia/article_3c08e482-9803-55ee-b3d3-1cfa98ecb2c7.html" } ] }, { "id": "colossus-1", "name": "Colossus 1", "operator": "SpaceXAI", "owner": "SpaceXAI", "tenant": "Anthropic", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Memphis", "state": "TN", "lat": 35.07, "lon": -90.05, "size_mw": 340, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: H100,H200,B200. Epoch AI estimates ~340 MW.", "source": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/17WAFThn95X85ebzA_e19R1zYycwFzAl2/view?usp=sharing", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-04-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction began in April 2024 on the Colossus 1 facility, retrofitting the former Electrolux building in South Memphis.", "source": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/colossus-1" }, { "date": "2024-06-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "xAI selected Memphis, Tennessee as the site for its Colossus supercomputer, to be built on the former Electrolux factory site in South Memphis.", "source": "https://fortune.com/2024/09/03/elon-musk-xai-nvidia-colossus/" }, { "date": "2024-08-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Colossus 1 reached its first operational milestone in August 2024 with 25,000 H100 GPUs drawing approximately 35 MW.", "source": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/colossus-1" }, { "date": "2024-09-03", "kind": "operational", "summary": "xAI announced Colossus came online over Labor Day weekend with 100,000 Nvidia H100 GPUs, built in 122 days, consuming approximately 150 MW and up to 1 million gallons of water daily for cooling.", "source": "https://fortune.com/2024/09/03/elon-musk-xai-nvidia-colossus/" }, { "date": "2024-09-11", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "NPR reported on how Memphis became a battleground over Elon Musk's xAI supercomputer, covering pollution concerns from the facility's gas turbine power generation.", "source": "https://www.npr.org/2024/09/11/nx-s1-5088134/elon-musk-ai-xai-supercomputer-memphis-pollution" }, { "date": "2025-02-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Colossus 1 expanded in February 2025 to 150,000 H100 GPUs plus 50,000 H200 GPUs, reaching approximately 278 MW of IT power.", "source": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/colossus-1" }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Colossus 1 added 30,000 B200 GPUs in July 2025, bringing total IT power to approximately 340 MW.", "source": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/colossus-1" }, { "date": "2026-03-01", "kind": "permit", "summary": "A permanent 1.2 GW natural-gas turbine plant received a Mississippi Prevention of Significant Deterioration permit under the Clean Air Act in March 2026, authorizing 41 permanent turbines for the Colossus complex.", "source": "https://gizmodo.com/spacex-agrees-to-remove-temporary-gas-turbines-at-colossus-data-center-by-2027-2000793559" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "The NAACP and Southern Environmental Law Center filed a federal lawsuit in April 2026 alleging xAI was operating 27 gas turbines without proper air permits at its Southaven, Mississippi power site serving the Colossus complex.", "source": "https://gizmodo.com/spacex-agrees-to-remove-temporary-gas-turbines-at-colossus-data-center-by-2027-2000793559" }, { "date": "2026-05-06", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Anthropic agreed to rent all computing capacity at SpaceX's Colossus 1, accessing over 220,000 Nvidia GPUs and more than 300 MW of AI compute; financial terms were not disclosed.", "source": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/anthropic-to-rent-all-ai-capacity-at-spacexs-colossus-data-center-180327774.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-05", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Google agreed to rent approximately 110,000 GPUs from SpaceX at Colossus 2 for $920 million monthly through June 2029, as reported by The New York Times.", "source": "https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/05/technology/spacex-google-deal.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The U.S. Department of Justice moved to intervene in and dismiss the NAACP's Clean Air Act lawsuit against xAI's Colossus data center gas turbines, as reported by The New York Times.", "source": "https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/16/climate/xai-musk-mississippi-grok-turbine-lawsuit-naacp.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-01", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "SpaceX agreed with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality to remove all 69 temporary mobile gas turbines at the Southaven power site by July 2027, with removal beginning as early as August 2026.", "source": "https://gizmodo.com/spacex-agrees-to-remove-temporary-gas-turbines-at-colossus-data-center-by-2027-2000793559" } ] }, { "id": "google-omaha", "name": "Google Omaha", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Omaha", "state": "NE", "lat": 41.16, "lon": -96.08, "size_mw": 237, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v5e,TPU v5p,TPU v6e. Epoch AI estimates ~237 MW.", "source": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KN7o-wQOyt1UEud8wpM8PymXJF479r0n/view?usp=sharing", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2019-10-04", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google held a groundbreaking ceremony for its first Nebraska data center in Papillion, confirming a $600 million investment; Governor Pete Ricketts attended.", "source": "https://www.3newsnow.com/news/local-news/google-announces-nebraska-growth-plan-that-includes-new-northwest-omaha-data-center" }, { "date": "2022-04-21", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a $750 million investment to build a new data center near State Street and Blair High Road in northwest Omaha, its first in the city proper, creating 120 jobs; Governor Ricketts and Mayor Stothert attended the event at the Papillion facility.", "source": "https://www.wowt.com/2022/04/21/google-building-new-data-center-northwest-omaha/" }, { "date": "2023-01-03", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Westwood Solutions LLC, representing Google, filed to rezone an additional 187 acres adjoining the existing 270-acre northwest Omaha site (totaling ~460 acres) for a data center campus of over 2.2 million gross square feet with 24/7 operations; the developer agreed to donate $100,000 for destruction of a 5-acre virgin prairie.", "source": "https://www.3newsnow.com/news/local-news/google-seeks-to-stretch-farther-in-northwest-omaha" }, { "date": "2023-08-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced $1.2 billion in 2023 Nebraska investment, confirming a new $600 million Lincoln data center and Papillion expansion; the northwest Omaha campus was described as 'soon to be operational.'", "source": "https://www.wowt.com/2023/08/22/google-investing-another-12-billion-papillion-lincoln-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2024-11-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google reported $930 million in 2024 capital investment across its Nebraska data center campuses in Papillion, Omaha, and Lincoln, bringing its five-year cumulative Nebraska investment to over $4.4 billion.", "source": "https://1011now.com/2024/11/25/google-invests-more-than-930-million-nebraska-2024/" }, { "date": "2026-03-13", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Flatwater Free Press reported Google proposed a new Nebraska data center requiring 1,000-3,000 MW (more than all of Lincoln's 800 MW peak demand), targeting 2029 online date; Tenaska optioned 2,600+ acres across Gage, Lancaster, Cass, and Otoe counties, and Governor Pillen introduced LB1261 to allow private energy generation for the project.", "source": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/google-proposes-nebraska-data-center-requiring-more-power-than-all-of-lincoln/" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Governor Pillen signed LB1261, permitting private companies to develop on-site electrical generation for industrial customers requiring over 1,000 MW, creating an exception to public power districts' exclusive authority; the law takes effect July 18, 2026.", "source": "https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/nebraska-energy-law-touted-by-gov-pillen-state-leaders-as-development-boost/" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Google awarded a $3 million grant to Omaha's Metropolitan Utilities District (MUD) to install acoustic leak-detection sensors across 500 miles of water lines, part of a $17 million nationwide water stewardship initiative; MUD projects the system could save up to 1 billion gallons annually.", "source": "https://thereader.com/news/google-gives-3-million-to-mud-to-reduce-water-use-in-omaha" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Flatwater Free Press reported Google's Nebraska data centers consumed approximately 732 million gallons of water in 2025, up from 46.6 million gallons in 2022; new legislation LB1010 will require data center companies to disclose annual water consumption and power demand.", "source": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/data-centers-can-guzzle-serious-water-as-some-nebraskans-worry-tech-giants-seek-solutions/" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Governor Pillen signed an executive order suspending taxpayer-funded tax incentives for data centers and establishing a task force to identify safeguards protecting Nebraska's natural resources from data center operations.", "source": "https://www.klkntv.com/data-centers-executive-order-signed-by-gov-pillen-today/" } ] }, { "id": "coreweave-denton-tx", "name": "CoreWeave Denton TX", "operator": "CoreWeave", "owner": "CoreWeave", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Denton", "state": "TX", "lat": 33.19, "lon": -97.14, "size_mw": 262, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B200. Epoch AI estimates ~262 MW.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/110/core-scientific-and-coreweave-announce-1-2-billion-expansion-at-denton-tx-site", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-06-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "In June 2024 Core Scientific entered into a 200 MW, 12-year hosting contract with CoreWeave with projected cumulative revenue of $3.5 billion, marking the original HPC agreement that would be sited partly at the Denton campus.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/79/core-scientific-announces-june-2024-production-and-operations-updates" }, { "date": "2024-06-25", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Core Scientific announced a new 70 MW contract with CoreWeave worth a projected $1.225 billion over 12 years, bringing the combined CoreWeave portfolio to approximately 270 MW and $4.7 billion in potential revenue.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/78/core-scientific-announces-new-contract-with-coreweave-for-delivery-of-approximately-70-mw-of-additional-infrastructure-to-host-high-performance-computing-operations" }, { "date": "2024-07-05", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Core Scientific disclosed it had completed a 72 MW expansion at its Denton TX facility to house bitcoin miners relocated from sites being converted for HPC hosting.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/79/core-scientific-announces-june-2024-production-and-operations-updates" }, { "date": "2024-08-06", "kind": "financing", "summary": "CoreWeave exercised an option for approximately 112 MW of additional HPC infrastructure at Core Scientific sites, a 12-year contract with projected cumulative revenue of $2.0 billion; site modifications were expected to begin in H2 2024.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/84/core-scientific-announces-exercise-of-additional-contract-option-by-coreweave-for-delivery-of-approximately-112-mw-of-additional-infrastructure-to-host-high-performance-computing-operations" }, { "date": "2024-08-20", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Denton City Council voted 5-0 to approve amendments to the power purchase agreement and lease with Core Scientific, allowing conversion of its two largest buildings from cryptocurrency mining to AI high-performance computing, with an expected operational date of April-July 2025.", "source": "https://www.keranews.org/science-technology/2024-08-28/core-scientific-gets-approval-to-bring-high-powered-computing-for-ai-to-denton" }, { "date": "2024-11-19", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Denton City Council unanimously approved lease modifications giving Core Scientific an additional 42.9 acres (total 78 acres) at 8171 Jim Christal Road and a one-time $5 million payment, enabling a $6.1 billion real property investment for AI data center conversion with three phases through July 2026.", "source": "https://www.keranews.org/news/2024-11-21/goodbye-crypto-hello-ai-denton-data-center-is-changing-focus-planning-to-grow-and-use-more-power" }, { "date": "2025-02-26", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Core Scientific and CoreWeave announced a $1.2 billion expansion at the Denton site adding 70 MW of contracted power, bringing the facility's total critical IT load to approximately 260 MW; CEO Adam Sullivan called it 'one of the largest GPU supercomputers in North America.'", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/110/core-scientific-and-coreweave-announce-1-2-billion-expansion-at-denton-tx-site" }, { "date": "2025-07-07", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "CoreWeave announced a definitive agreement to acquire Core Scientific in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $9 billion, gaining access to roughly 1.3 GW of data center capacity including the Denton site.", "source": "https://investors.coreweave.com/news/news-details/2025/CoreWeave-to-Acquire-Core-Scientific/default.aspx" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Core Scientific shareholders voted against the $9 billion CoreWeave merger at a special meeting; the merger agreement was terminated immediately and Core Scientific remained an independent public company.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/124/core-scientific-announces-termination-of-merger-agreement-with-coreweave" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "kind": "operational", "summary": "CoreWeave reported deploying more than 16,000 GPUs at the Denton facility for OpenAI workloads, recovering from construction delays that had left only a few racks delivered as of November 2025; over 2,000 GPUs were brought online in a single day in December 2025.", "source": "https://theenergymag.com/news/2026-01-14/coreweave-gpu-openai" }, { "date": "2026-04-03", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Denton Record-Chronicle reported growing community debate over data center development, with residents raising concerns about noise, environmental impact, and the pace of growth at Core Scientific's facility and other proposed sites.", "source": "https://dentonrc.com/news/denton/denton-s-data-center-boom-sparks-debate-over-growth-and-resources/article_edd8a259-a067-45b1-bd99-7aefa775f940.html" }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Community Impact reported the Core Scientific campus holds a lease on 78.85 acres of city land with up to 394 MW of power allocation and a $6.1 billion real property investment; the expansion begun in November 2024 is expected to be completed by 2027.", "source": "https://communityimpact.com/dallas-fort-worth/denton/development/2026/05/07/data-centers-rise-in-denton/" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Denton City Council voted 4-3 to direct staff to proceed with a possible 90-day data center moratorium and stricter development code amendments; public hearings were tentatively set for September 22 and October 27, 2026, with final adoption targeted for December 2, 2026.", "source": "https://www.keranews.org/news/2026-08-05/denton-moves-toward-data-center-moratorium-city-council-weighs-stricter-development-rules" } ] }, { "id": "google-kansas-city-east", "name": "Google Kansas City East", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Kansas City", "state": "MO", "lat": 39.15, "lon": -94.47, "size_mw": 105, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Epoch AI estimates ~105 MW.", "source": "https://huntmidwest.com/2024/03/google-announces-1-billion-data-center-at-hunt-midwest-business-center/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2019-07-22", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Port KC board voted to approve issuing bonds and a property tax abatement for a potential $600 million Google data center on 78 acres at Hunt Midwest Business Center in the Northland.", "source": "https://flatlandkc.org/news-issues/housing/port-kc-endorses-downtown-office-projects-big-google-deal-potential-affordable-housing-discussed/" }, { "date": "2024-03-20", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a $1 billion data center at Hunt Midwest Business Center on NE Parvin Road in Kansas City, with a target opening as soon as 2025, partnering with Evergy, Ranger Power, and DESRI on 400 MW of new carbon-free energy capacity from the Missouri-based Beavertail Solar farm.", "source": "https://huntmidwest.com/2024/03/google-announces-1-billion-data-center-at-hunt-midwest-business-center/" }, { "date": "2024-03-20", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Google committed $100,000-plus to the North Kansas City School District STEAM program and announced its Skilled Trades and Readiness (STAR) paid training program for the Kansas City area, in collaboration with the Missouri Works Initiative and Urban League.", "source": "https://startlandnews.com/2024/03/google-data-center-kansas-city/" }, { "date": "2024-04-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Flatland KC reported that Google's $1 billion data center announcement would add significantly to area electricity demand, complicating Evergy's carbon-reduction goals alongside other large projects like the Panasonic battery plant.", "source": "https://flatlandkc.org/news-issues/evergy-struggles-to-cut-carbon-as-energy-demand-soars/" }, { "date": "2024-11-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Flatland KC reported Google had arranged with Evergy, Ranger Power, and DESRI to add 400 MW of carbon-free energy capacity from the Beavertail Solar farm to power its $1 billion data facility at Hunt Midwest Business Center.", "source": "https://flatlandkc.org/news-issues/mums-the-word-on-the-solar-farm-at-kansas-city-airport/" }, { "date": "2025-09-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KCUR identified AG Rose Solutions as the Google affiliate LLC behind the Kansas City data center, noting the facility was under construction; David Thomas signed the Missouri secretary of state filing for the LLC.", "source": "https://www.kcur.org/housing-development-section/2025-09-08/google-missouri-data-center-st-charles" }, { "date": "2026-03-22", "kind": "construction", "summary": "KCUR reported Google's first KC-area campus near Worlds of Fun was still under construction and reportedly drawing roughly 1,000 construction workers.", "source": "https://www.kcur.org/housing-development-section/2026-03-22/kansas-citys-ai-data-center-building-boom-could-hurt-regional-job-market-in-the-long-term" }, { "date": "2026-04-29", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Google and Keystone Community Corporation launched OnRamp, a two-part AI education initiative in Kansas City; the OnRamp Start cohort of 25 participants began May 5, 2026, with a youth-focused OnRamp Foundations track starting in June 2026.", "source": "https://startlandnews.com/2026/04/google-onramp-keystone/" } ] }, { "id": "qts-richmond-1", "name": "QTS Richmond 1", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Sandston (Henrico County)", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.52, "lon": -77.33, "size_mw": 238, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Epoch AI estimates ~238 MW.", "source": "https://qtsdatacenters.com/data-centers/richmond-1/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2010-04-05", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "QTS announced plans to convert the former 210-acre Qimonda semiconductor plant in Sandston, VA into a data center campus, having acquired it through bankruptcy court for $12 million; the site included 1.3 million sq ft of buildings and 100 MW of power capacity.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/operations-and-management/qts-plans-huge-virginia-data-center" }, { "date": "2010-11-03", "kind": "operational", "summary": "QTS opened the first 50,000 sq ft phase of its Richmond data center two months ahead of schedule, with up to 18 MW of power and an unnamed government agency as its first tenant.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/operations-and-management/qts-opens-huge-richmond-data-center" }, { "date": "2011-03-16", "kind": "financing", "summary": "QTS announced it had invested $100 million in converting the former Qimonda site, with renovation about 5% complete and approximately 50 employees on site, projecting growth to 200 employees.", "source": "https://www.12onyourside.com/story/14265036/qts-invests-100-million-in-former-qimonda-site/" }, { "date": "2017-05-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "In May 2017, QTS positioned Richmond as a hyperscale cloud campus, citing 110 MW from Dominion Virginia Power, 1.3 million sq ft across three buildings, and Henrico County's data center equipment tax rate reduction to $0.40 per $100 assessed value.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11430780/thinking-hyperscale-qts-positions-richmond-as-cloud-campus" }, { "date": "2019-11-19", "kind": "filing", "summary": "QTS submitted plans to Henrico County for approximately 1.2 million sq ft of new data center space on a 73-acre parcel south of its main campus along Portugee Road, comprising three 330,000 sq ft buildings and one 165,000 sq ft facility.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/news/qts-is-planning-to-expand-richmond-site-in-henrico-county" }, { "date": "2021-06-07", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Blackstone announced it would acquire QTS Realty Trust for $78 per share in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $10 billion including debt assumption, a 21% premium to the June 4 closing price.", "source": "https://q.com/news/qts-realty-trust-to-be-acquired-by-blackstone-funds-in-10-billion-transaction/" }, { "date": "2022-07-13", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "QTS announced it had acquired 200 additional acres at its Richmond Mega Data Center campus for expansion of up to 240 MW across 1.5 million sq ft of new capacity at White Oak Technology Park.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/qts-richmond-mega-data-center-campus-earns-status-as-premier-global-interconnection-hub-301586093.html" }, { "date": "2023-12-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "In December 2023, QTS purchased approximately 225 acres of land in Sandston for $18 million in initial transactions assembling the White Oak Technology Park II site.", "source": "https://virginiabusiness.com/qts-acquires-rezoned-henrico-tech-park-land/" }, { "date": "2024-05-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "In May 2024, the Henrico County Board of Supervisors approved rezoning of 622 acres on both sides of East Williamsburg Road at Technology Boulevard for data center and manufacturing use, creating White Oak Technology Park II.", "source": "https://virginiabusiness.com/qts-acquires-rezoned-henrico-tech-park-land/" }, { "date": "2024-06-28", "kind": "financing", "summary": "QTS completed acquisition of approximately 397 acres from Hourigan LLC for $118.8 million, giving QTS control of all 622 acres of the rezoned White Oak Technology Park II site; Hourigan had purchased the parcels from Atlantic Crossing ($38.05M) and Vienna Finance ($20.5M) the same day.", "source": "https://virginiabusiness.com/qts-acquires-rezoned-henrico-tech-park-land/" }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "In September 2024, a QTS-affiliated LLC purchased approximately 98 acres from LL Flooring adjacent to the White Oak campus.", "source": "https://www.richmonder.org/henrico-became-a-data-center-hub-seemingly-overnight-how-did-it-happen-and-what-are-the-impacts/" }, { "date": "2025-01-10", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Henrico County's new provisional use permit (PUP) requirement for all hyperscale data centers took effect, including in White Oak Technology Park, requiring board-level approval for new facilities that previously could proceed by right in industrial zones.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55296394/henrico-county-virginia-moves-to-slow-data-center-growth" }, { "date": "2025-06-10", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Henrico County Board of Supervisors approved new data center regulations including 500-foot tree buffers from residential areas, generator testing limits, mandatory equipment screening, and closed-loop cooling requirements; rules apply retroactively to rezoned projects without final site plan approval.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55296394/henrico-county-virginia-moves-to-slow-data-center-growth" } ] }, { "id": "meta-rosemount", "name": "Meta Rosemount", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Rosemount", "state": "MN", "lat": 44.72, "lon": -93.07, "size_mw": 178, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B200. Epoch AI estimates ~178 MW.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/03/hello-rosemount/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-09-01", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Plans emerged in September 2023 that Meta intended to purchase University of Minnesota land in Rosemount for a $700 million data center, disclosed through state filings.", "source": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2023/09/02/meta-plans-major-data-center-in-twin-cities-metro" }, { "date": "2023-09-07", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The University of Minnesota Board of Regents approved selling approximately 280 acres of UMore Park land to Meta for $39.7 million for the data center project.", "source": "https://www.kstp.com/kstp-news/local-news/rosemount-city-council-unanimously-approves-meta-data-site/" }, { "date": "2023-12-21", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Rosemount City Council voted unanimously to approve Meta's data center, rezoning the 280-acre UMore Park parcel from agricultural to business park planned development.", "source": "https://www.kstp.com/kstp-news/local-news/rosemount-city-council-unanimously-approves-meta-data-site/" }, { "date": "2024-01-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Alpha News reported that Rosemount approved Meta's 750,000-sq-ft data center despite residents' concerns about soil contaminants from the site's WWII munitions history, 24/7 low-frequency noise, and water usage during local restrictions; the filing entity is Jimnist LLC.", "source": "https://alphanews.org/rosemount-approves-meta-data-center-despite-residents-concerns/" }, { "date": "2024-03-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta officially announced its Rosemount data center: a 715,000-sq-ft, $800+ million facility optimized for AI workloads, targeting LEED Gold certification, 100% renewable energy, approximately 100 permanent jobs and over 1,000 peak construction jobs, with Mortenson as general contractor.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/03/hello-rosemount/" }, { "date": "2024-03-14", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Governor Tim Walz held a press conference announcing Meta's Rosemount data center, calling it Meta's 19th in the U.S. and 23rd worldwide, with a 2026 opening target.", "source": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2024/03/14/meta-to-open-data-center-in-rosemount-in-2026" }, { "date": "2025-02-18", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Meta purchased approximately 200 additional acres of land near its Rosemount data center site for $70 million, expanding beyond the original 280-acre UMore Park parcel.", "source": "https://www.kstp.com/news/facebook-parent-meta-keeps-buying-rosemount-land/" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Meta acquired another 14-acre plot off Blaine Avenue East near 145th Street in Rosemount for $5 million via subsidiary Jimnist, bringing total known land holdings to at least 494 acres.", "source": "https://www.kstp.com/news/facebook-parent-meta-keeps-buying-rosemount-land/" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Meta and Amrize deployed an AI-optimized concrete mix (BOxCrete) for the Rosemount data center foundation, achieving full structural strength 43% faster and reducing cracking risk by nearly 10%; the mix was qualified for additional areas of the facility.", "source": "https://engineering.fb.com/2026/03/ai-for-american-produced-cement-and-concrete/" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "Rosemount halted new data center proposals with a moratorium, pausing discussion of additional facilities beyond Meta's already-approved project.", "source": "https://www.hometownsource.com/rosemount_town_pages/rosemount-halts-new-data-center-discussion-with-moratorium/" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "kind": "construction", "summary": "InForum reported that Minnesota's first hyperscale data center is nearing completion in Rosemount.", "source": "https://www.inforum.com/business/minnesota-first-hyperscale-data-center-nearing-completion-in-rosemount" } ] }, { "id": "amazon-madison-mega-site", "name": "Amazon Madison Mega Site", "operator": "Amazon", "owner": "Amazon", "tenant": "Anthropic", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Canton (Madison County)", "state": "MS", "lat": 32.61, "lon": -90.03, "size_mw": 284, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Project Rainier. Chip types: Trainium2. Epoch AI estimates ~284 MW.", "source": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lhSF8TBA7fNWsN4Onj-nfL7X_-BN573r/view?usp=sharing", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-01-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Amazon Web Services announced plans to invest $10 billion to build multiple data center complexes in two Madison County industrial parks, creating at least 1,000 high-paying jobs, with a 10-year, 100% corporate income tax exemption incentive package.", "source": "https://mississippi.org/news/amazon-web-services-to-invest-record-shattering-10-billion/" }, { "date": "2024-05-20", "kind": "construction", "summary": "AWS held a ceremonial groundbreaking at the Madison County Mega Site spec building, attended by Governor Tate Reeves, Senators Roger Wicker and Cindy Hyde-Smith, and Representatives Michael Guest and Bennie Thompson.", "source": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/amazon-web-services-breaks-ground-on-largest-economic-development-project-in-mississippi-history/" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "kind": "operational", "summary": "AWS's Project Rainier — the AI training cluster powering Anthropic's Claude, spread across Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Mississippi — was reported operational, with its Mississippi campus near Canton in Madison County cited at more than 350 MW of IT capacity and set to ramp past 1 GW.", "source": "https://www.semafor.com/article/10/29/2025/aws-massive-multi-state-ai-data-center-is-powering-anthropics-claude" }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Residents of the Idlebriar subdivision in Canton, next to the Amazon data center construction site, reported two years of construction dust, noise and traffic, with one resident's teenage daughter having multiple ER visits for asthma flare-ups the prior year, while the Madison County Economic Development Authority said it lacks funds to buy out the subdivision.", "source": "https://arktimes.com/arkansas-blog/2026/02/19/a-subdivision-struggles-with-the-massive-data-center-moving-in-next-door" }, { "date": "2026-04-09", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Tate Reeves and Amazon announced an additional $11 billion expansion of Madison County data center operations (700 new jobs) plus a $1 billion facility in Clinton/Hinds County (100 jobs), bringing Amazon total Mississippi investment commitment to $25 billion and over 2,000 jobs.", "source": "https://magnoliatribune.com/2026/04/09/amazon-investing-another-12-billion-in-central-mississippi/" }, { "date": "2026-04-10", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Coverage noted Amazon's environmental commitments: Canton will use recycled water for cooling, the Ridgeland campus will draw groundwater only 9% of the time, and the Clinton facility will operate without water, alongside plans for over 800 diesel generators across the Madison County campuses.", "source": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/amazon-is-expanding-data-centers-in-central-mississippi-governor-announces/" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Canton residents described construction dust, noise and pollution fears; Madison County constable Johnny Sims said construction dust had worsened his teenage daughter's asthma, and Amazon stated it is committed to being a responsible community partner.", "source": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/amazons-canton-data-center-promises-prosperity-for-neighbors-its-bringing-dust-noise-and-pollution-fears/" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Of Amazon four announced Mississippi data center facilities, the Canton campus in Madison County was reported as the one currently operating, with more than 700 diesel generators planned across the two Madison County campuses and the Canton facility set to transition to 100% recycled wastewater for cooling by 2027.", "source": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/06/09/amazon-data-centers-mississippi/" } ] }, { "id": "microsoft-goodyear", "name": "Microsoft Goodyear", "operator": "Microsoft", "owner": "Microsoft", "tenant": "OpenAI, Microsoft", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Goodyear", "state": "AZ", "lat": 33.42, "lon": -112.36, "size_mw": 202, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: H100,B200. Epoch AI estimates ~202 MW.", "source": "https://gis.maricopa.gov/aqd/recordsviewer/#", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2018-08-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Microsoft purchased 279 acres in Goodyear from Carefree Partners Investments for $48 million, land later used for its data center campus south of I-10 and Phoenix Goodyear Airport.", "source": "https://www.westvalleyview.com/news/microsoft-reveals-goodyear-plans-purchases-more-land/article_461ce5a6-6b8d-11e9-8d40-fbe26d862a33.html" }, { "date": "2018-12-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Goodyear City Council approved rezoning of Microsoft's parcel from final planned area development to I-1 (light industrial park) with a PAD overlay (December 2018).", "source": "https://www.westvalleyview.com/news/microsoft-reveals-goodyear-plans-purchases-more-land/article_461ce5a6-6b8d-11e9-8d40-fbe26d862a33.html" }, { "date": "2019-03-01", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Goodyear City Council approved a site plan and an expedited self-certification construction process for Microsoft's project (March 2019).", "source": "https://www.westvalleyview.com/news/microsoft-reveals-goodyear-plans-purchases-more-land/article_461ce5a6-6b8d-11e9-8d40-fbe26d862a33.html" }, { "date": "2019-05-02", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Microsoft publicly revealed its Goodyear data center plans, having also acquired an additional 147 acres from DRI FR Goodyear LLC for $37 million at Citrus and Indian School roads.", "source": "https://www.westvalleyview.com/news/microsoft-reveals-goodyear-plans-purchases-more-land/article_461ce5a6-6b8d-11e9-8d40-fbe26d862a33.html" }, { "date": "2021-06-15", "kind": "operational", "summary": "The first of Microsoft's three planned West Valley (Arizona) data centers, part of the West US 3 Azure region anchored by El Mirage and Goodyear campuses, went online.", "source": "https://ktar.com/story/4499461/tech-giant-microsoft-flips-switch-to-on-at-new-west-valley-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2023-03-06", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Goodyear City Council unanimously approved an amended development agreement requiring Microsoft's fourth and fifth buildings to use air cooling instead of direct evaporative cooling, with Microsoft committing $36 million toward a $90 million expansion of the 157th Avenue Wastewater Treatment Plant, a $5 million financial-assurance deposit for a new sewer line, and $800,000 for a city coordinator position.", "source": "https://www.aztechcouncil.org/microsoft-agrees-to-make-data-centers-air-cooled-amid-water-infrastructure-challenges-in-goodyear/" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Microsoft paid $130 million for an additional 100-acre development site in Goodyear, about 27 miles west of Phoenix.", "source": "https://crenews.com/2026/06/09/microsoft-pays-130mln-for-100-acre-development-site-in-goodyear-ariz/" } ] }, { "id": "meta-jeffersonville", "name": "Meta Jeffersonville", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Jeffersonville", "state": "IN", "lat": 38.28, "lon": -85.74, "size_mw": 178, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~178 MW.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Meta_s-Jeffersonville-Data-Center.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-01-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Indiana Governor Eric Holcomb announced Meta will build an $800 million, roughly 700,000-square-foot data center campus at River Ridge Commerce Center in Jeffersonville, Meta's 18th U.S. and 22nd global data center.", "source": "https://cityofjeff.net/2024/01/25/meta-announces-800m-jeffersonville-data-center/" }, { "date": "2024-01-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Construction on the Jeffersonville facility was set to begin that month and be complete in 2026, supporting more than 1,250 construction jobs and 100 permanent tech jobs.", "source": "https://www.wave3.com/2024/01/25/meta-build-800m-data-center-jeffersonville/" }, { "date": "2025-10-04", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Community groups including Hoosier Action and Clark County Moms held a meeting to organize opposition to the Meta data center, citing concerns the facility could use up to 5 million gallons of water daily and raise local utility costs.", "source": "https://www.wave3.com/2025/10/05/jeffersonville-community-pushes-back-against-meta-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Meta said it had contributed nearly $500,000 to schools and nonprofits since its 2024 groundbreaking and announced a new Community Action Grants program for Clark County, amid community concerns over a Duke Energy 11% residential rate increase set to take effect in early 2026.", "source": "https://www.wdrb.com/news/business/meta-addresses-community-concerns-over-southern-indiana-data-center/article_15435d3e-4f78-4258-a157-e201d2ab95f8.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "The Jeffersonville City Council unanimously passed a one-year moratorium on new data center development (suspending normal rules to push it through three readings in one session), but the Meta facility already under construction at River Ridge is exempt due to federal/state control of the former Indiana Army Ammunition Plant site.", "source": "https://www.wave3.com/2026/08/04/jeffersonville-passes-year-long-data-center-moratorium-amid-resident-outcry-major-utility-disclosures/" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The city disclosed that Meta paid $4 million upfront in wastewater capacity fees and is projected to generate $300,000-$400,000 in monthly recurring sewer utility revenue once the facility is operational.", "source": "https://www.wave3.com/2026/08/04/jeffersonville-passes-year-long-data-center-moratorium-amid-resident-outcry-major-utility-disclosures/" } ] }, { "id": "google-the-dalles", "name": "Google The Dalles", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "The Dalles", "state": "OR", "lat": 45.6, "lon": -121.18, "size_mw": 154, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v6e,TPU v5p,TPU v7. Epoch AI estimates ~154 MW.", "source": "https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5e9a1686f716835e61268f2a/t/63659cb153e00407c9cd0bc9/1667603634454/SPR%2B512-22%2C%2BNOD%2C%2B10-31-22%2B%281%29.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2021-09-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "The Oregonian reporter Mike Rogoway submitted a public records request to the City of The Dalles for records of Google's local water usage, which the city denied by claiming the data was a trade secret, triggering the ensuing legal fight (September 2021).", "source": "https://www.columbiagorgenews.com/news/the-dalles-settles-oregonian-lawsuit-releases-google-water-records/article_d3c0cb0a-7c34-11ed-8683-9713468ff834.html" }, { "date": "2021-11-08", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Dalles city council authorized an infrastructure agreement with Google (via subsidiary Design LLC) worth $28.5 million for water system improvements.", "source": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/01/15/as-googles-water-demands-grow-the-dalles-aims-to-pull-more-from-mount-hood-forest/" }, { "date": "2021-11-09", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Google signed a Strategic Investment Program agreement with The Dalles providing property tax breaks in exchange for the company's investment commitments, alongside a $28.5 million infrastructure agreement.", "source": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/01/15/as-googles-water-demands-grow-the-dalles-aims-to-pull-more-from-mount-hood-forest/" }, { "date": "2022-12-14", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "The Dalles settled its lawsuit against The Oregonian, agreeing to release ten years of Google water-usage records to reporter Mike Rogoway and to have Google reimburse the city's $53,173 in legal fees to the newspaper.", "source": "https://www.columbiagorgenews.com/news/the-dalles-settles-oregonian-lawsuit-releases-google-water-records/article_d3c0cb0a-7c34-11ed-8683-9713468ff834.html" }, { "date": "2024-01-30", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The Dalles' community development department gave Whiting-Turner Contracting Co. approval to begin construction on a 290,000-square-foot, roughly $600 million Google data center building for Google subsidiary Design LLC at the former aluminum smelter site.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-whiting-turner-oregon-data-center/705938/" }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Google completed construction of a fourth data center building at its The Dalles campus in 2025.", "source": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/01/15/as-googles-water-demands-grow-the-dalles-aims-to-pull-more-from-mount-hood-forest/" }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "kind": "vote", "summary": "H.R. 655, the Dalles Watershed Development Act sponsored by Rep. Cliff Bentz, which would transfer about 150 acres of Mt. Hood National Forest land to The Dalles to expand its reservoir, passed the U.S. House and moved to the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee.", "source": "http://bark-out.org/news/press-release-bark-coalition-of-local-orgs-pressure-wyden-to-oppose-bill-that-would-give-away-portions-of-mt-hood-nf-to-the-dalles-to-meet-googles-growing-water-demands/" }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "OPB reported that Google's water consumption in The Dalles rose 316% from 2012 to 2024 (from 104 million to 434 million gallons annually) while the city's population grew only 12%, and that a bill (H.R. 655) would transfer Mount Hood National Forest land to the city to expand its reservoir.", "source": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/01/15/as-googles-water-demands-grow-the-dalles-aims-to-pull-more-from-mount-hood-forest/" }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Dalles Mayor Richard Mays publicly called OPB's reporting on Google's data center water use inaccurate; OPB's follow-up corrected one error, noting projected residential water rate increases by 2036 were 99%, not the 7% initially reported.", "source": "https://www.opb.org/article/2026/01/23/the-dalles-mayor-data-center-google/" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "kind": "protest", "summary": "A coalition of 13 organizations including WaterWatch of Oregon, Bark, Columbia Riverkeeper, Sierra Club, and Oregon Wild sent a letter pressuring Senator Wyden to oppose H.R. 655, stating Google has received about $260 million in state and local tax breaks at its The Dalles campus.", "source": "http://bark-out.org/news/press-release-bark-coalition-of-local-orgs-pressure-wyden-to-oppose-bill-that-would-give-away-portions-of-mt-hood-nf-to-the-dalles-to-meet-googles-growing-water-demands/" } ] }, { "id": "google-midlothian", "name": "Google Midlothian", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Midlothian", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.46, "lon": -96.98, "size_mw": 103, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Epoch AI estimates ~103 MW.", "source": "https://ecode360.com/MI6405/laws/LF1665983.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2017-05-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Google, operating as Sharka LLC, purchased 375 acres in Midlothian's Railport Business Park in May 2017 for a future data center campus.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-midlothian-tx" }, { "date": "2018-07-01", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Ellis County approved a 10-year tax abatement agreement with Google for the Midlothian data center site in July 2018.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-midlothian-tx" }, { "date": "2018-07-31", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google confirmed its 375-acre land purchase in Midlothian; the city offered an 85% real property tax abatement and 100% personal property tax abatement for 10 years, with a minimum $500 million capital investment and 40 full-time jobs required within five years.", "source": "https://www.cbsnews.com/dfw/news/google-buys-land-north-texas/" }, { "date": "2019-06-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a $600 million investment in a new data center in Midlothian, its first in Texas, promising at least 50 full-time jobs and a $100,000 STEM grant to Midlothian Independent School District.", "source": "https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/google-invests-600m-texas-data-center" }, { "date": "2019-06-14", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Google broke ground on its $600 million, 282,000-sq-ft first data center building (Building 1) at 3800 Railport Parkway in Midlothian, repurposing a former Toys R Us warehouse site.", "source": "https://dallasinnovates.com/google-expands-further-into-texas-with-a-new-600m-midlothian-data-center/" }, { "date": "2024-08-15", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a $1 billion data center expansion in Midlothian, bringing total North Texas investment to $2.7 billion; Sen. Ted Cruz and Rep. Jake Ellzey attended the announcement.", "source": "https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/politics/lone-star-politics/google-data-center-midlothian/3622572/" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google CEO Sundar Pichai and Gov. Greg Abbott announced a $40 billion Texas data center investment at the Midlothian campus, with continued expansion of the Midlothian site and Dallas cloud region confirmed alongside three new campuses elsewhere in the state.", "source": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-google-announce-40-billion-investment-in-texas" }, { "date": "2025-12-08", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Google registered its fifth data center building (Sharka Data Center Building 5) at 3441 Railport Parkway in Midlothian, a 288,000-sq-ft facility with an estimated $880 million investment.", "source": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/north-texas-city-earmarked-nearly-220200323.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction began in late January 2026 on Google's Building 5 at the Midlothian campus, with an estimated completion date of February 2027.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-midlothian-5" } ] }, { "id": "qts-richmond-2", "name": "QTS Richmond 2", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Sandston (Henrico County)", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.52, "lon": -77.33, "size_mw": 180, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Epoch AI estimates ~180 MW.", "source": "https://qtsdatacenters.com/data-centers/richmond-1/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2019-11-19", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "QTS announced plans to expand its Richmond campus eastward with 1.2 million square feet of new data center space comprising three 330,000 SF buildings and one 165,000 SF facility on 210 owned acres.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/news/qts-is-planning-to-expand-richmond-site-in-henrico-county" }, { "date": "2022-02-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "In February 2022, QTS began construction of Richmond 2 DC1, a two-story 36 MW data center building on the Sandston campus.", "source": "https://q.com/resources/new-builds-two-multi-story-data-centers-for-richmond-va/" }, { "date": "2022-03-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "In March 2022, QTS purchased approximately 200 acres from the Henrico County Economic Development Authority for roughly $18 million to expand its Richmond data center campus.", "source": "https://www.bisnow.com/national/news/data-center/qts-adds-15m-sf-in-virginia-amid-expansion-push-113982" }, { "date": "2022-09-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "In September 2022, QTS began construction of Richmond 2 DC2, a two-story 36 MW data center building, after receiving an air permit for the site.", "source": "https://q.com/resources/new-builds-two-multi-story-data-centers-for-richmond-va/" }, { "date": "2023-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "QTS Richmond 2 DC1 (51 MW capacity, 256,114 square feet) became operational in 2023 in Henrico County, Virginia.", "source": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/virginia/873/qts-richmond-ric2-dc1" }, { "date": "2023-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "QTS Richmond 2 DC2 (50 MW capacity, 253,711 square feet) became operational in 2023 in Henrico County, Virginia.", "source": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/virginia/2953/qts-richmond-ric2-dc2" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "QTS Richmond 2 DC6 (50 MW capacity, 253,752 square feet) became operational in 2026 in Henrico County, Virginia.", "source": "https://cleanview.co/data-centers/virginia/2956/qts-richmond-ric2-dc6" } ] }, { "id": "qts-richmond-3", "name": "QTS Richmond 3", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Sandston (Henrico County)", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.52, "lon": -77.33, "size_mw": 144, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Epoch AI estimates ~144 MW.", "source": "https://q.com/data-centers/richmond-3/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2022-07-13", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "QTS announced acquisition of 200 acres at its Richmond Mega Data Center campus for an expansion of up to 240 MW across 1.5 million square feet of additional capacity at the White Oak Technology Park in Henrico County.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/qts-richmond-mega-data-center-campus-earns-status-as-premier-global-interconnection-hub-301586093.html" }, { "date": "2022-08-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Data Center Frontier reported QTS acquired 200 acres at its Richmond campus in Henrico County for expansion of up to 240 MW across 1.5 million square feet.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11427149/land-and-expand-compass-datacenters-qts-data-centers-google-cloud" }, { "date": "2022-12-13", "kind": "construction", "summary": "QTS blog post documented construction progress on two new multi-story data centers at Richmond 2 (DC1 at 36 MW and DC2 at 36 MW), noting QTS Richmond owns 200+ acres of land for future growth capacity.", "source": "https://q.com/resources/new-builds-two-multi-story-data-centers-for-richmond-va/" }, { "date": "2024-07-19", "kind": "financing", "summary": "QTS completed approximately $137 million in land purchases for the White Oak Technology Park II site, including $118.8 million for 397 acres from Hourigan LLC and a prior December 2023 purchase of approximately 225 acres for $18 million; Henrico County Board of Supervisors had approved rezoning of the 622-acre site on May 14, 2024.", "source": "https://virginiabusiness.com/qts-finishes-purchase-of-rezoned-henrico-tech-park-land/" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council granted FAST-41 coverage to QTS Richmond Technology Park Data Center 5 (RIC5), the first data center project to receive this federal permitting coordination; anticipated construction start is January 2028.", "source": "https://www.permitting.gov/newsroom/press-releases/first-data-center-project-gains-permitting-councils-fast-41-coverage" }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Richmond BizSense reported QTS is progressing on a 1,100-acre expansion adding 17 buildings across two new campuses (RIC4 and RIC5), totaling nearly 8 million square feet, with development plans approved by Henrico County; QTS already operates 12 buildings spanning over 3 million square feet at the site.", "source": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/05/18/data-center-giant-qts-preparing-1100-acre-expansion-that-would-add-17-buildings-to-its-henrico-hub/" } ] }, { "id": "meta-montgomery", "name": "Meta Montgomery", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Montgomery", "state": "AL", "lat": 32.3, "lon": -86.25, "size_mw": 153, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~153 MW.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/05/hello-montgomery/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-05-02", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Kay Ivey announced Meta's plans to build an $800 million, 715,000-square-foot AI-optimized data center off Interstate 65 in Montgomery, expected to support 100 operational jobs and open by the end of 2026.", "source": "https://governor.alabama.gov/newsroom/2024/05/governor-ivey-announces-meta-plans-to-build-800-million-next-generation-data-center-in-montgomery/" }, { "date": "2024-05-09", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Hensel Phelps announced it was awarded the general contractor role for Meta's $800+ million, 715,000-square-foot Montgomery data center, its second campus project with Meta.", "source": "https://www.henselphelps.com/meta-awards-hensel-phelps-montgomery-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta announced it is expanding the Montgomery Data Center campus with two new buildings, bringing the campus to nearly 1.3 million square feet and increasing total investment to more than $1.5 billion.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2025/09/montgomery-were-growing/" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Alabama Public Service Commission approved the Stockton I (80 MW) and Stockton II (180 MW) solar projects in Baldwin County, financed by Meta subsidiary Dotier LLC to supply renewable energy to Meta's Montgomery data center, on a timeline that met only a 20-day review window against the Commission's own 30-day submission rule.", "source": "https://mynbc15.com/news/reality-check/nbc-15-reality-check-records-raise-questions-on-timing-of-stockton-solar-project-approval" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "kind": "protest", "summary": "A town hall was scheduled in Baldwin County after residents said they received no advance public notice of the Stockton I/II solar projects approved to power Meta's Montgomery data center, and opposition groups formed online over land-use and environmental concerns.", "source": "https://mynbc15.com/news/reality-check/nbc-15-reality-check-records-raise-questions-on-timing-of-stockton-solar-project-approval" } ] }, { "id": "meta-kuna", "name": "Meta Kuna", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Kuna", "state": "ID", "lat": 43.49, "lon": -116.42, "size_mw": 152, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~152 MW.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Meta_s-Kuna-Data-Center.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2021-12-22", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Idaho Power filed an application with the Idaho Public Utilities Commission (Case No. IPC-E-21-42) for approval of a special contract and Tariff Schedule 33 to provide electric service to Brisbie LLC — the shell entity used for Meta's then-unannounced Kuna project.", "source": "https://puc.idaho.gov/Fileroom/PublicFiles/ELEC/IPC/IPCE2142/CaseFiles/20211222Application.pdf" }, { "date": "2022-02-16", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Idaho Commerce announced Meta would build an $800 million, 960,000-square-foot data center in Kuna, bringing about 100 permanent jobs and up to 1,200 construction jobs, with Meta also funding a $50 million water/sewer system for the city.", "source": "https://commerce.idaho.gov/press-releases/meta-announces-kuna-as-location-of-new-data-center/" }, { "date": "2022-02-17", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Data Center Frontier reported the Kuna facility would be at least 80% more water-efficient than the average data center and would use outside air for cooling at least 50% of the year, and noted Idaho Power developed a new green tariff so Meta could run on 100% renewable energy.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/virtual-reality/article/11427590/meta-is-building-a-giant-800-million-data-center-in-idaho" }, { "date": "2022-02-24", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Meta awarded Hensel Phelps the $800 million Kuna data center project (preconstruction and construction services), with groundbreaking scheduled for September 2022 and construction expected to continue through 2025.", "source": "https://www.henselphelps.com/meta-formerly-the-facebook-company-awards-hensel-phelps-kuna-data-center/" }, { "date": "2022-11-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Kuna City Council formally approved the Urban Renewal Plan for the Kuna East Urban Renewal Project via Ordinance No. 2022-34, establishing the district around the Meta project site.", "source": "https://www.kunacity.id.gov/543/Kuna-East-Urban-Renewal-District" }, { "date": "2023-03-30", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Idaho Senate passed House Bill 328, legislation explicitly tied to Kuna's creation of an urban renewal area around the Meta data center, restricting data centers claiming the state sales-tax exemption from also sitting in new urban renewal revenue-allocation areas.", "source": "https://blog.idahoreports.idahoptv.org/2023/03/30/bill-passed-to-exclude-data-center-from-urban-renewal-area/" }, { "date": "2023-10-12", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Idaho Public Utilities Commission issued Order No. 35958 in Case No. IPC-E-21-42, giving final approval of the special contract and Schedule 33 tariff for the Brisbie LLC (Meta) Kuna data center facility.", "source": "https://puc.idaho.gov/case/Details/6792" }, { "date": "2024-05-16", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Idaho Power filed an application with the IPUC (Case No. IPC-E-24-20) to amend its power purchase agreement with PVS 2, LLC — the Pleasant Valley Solar project developed to supply renewable power for Meta's Kuna load — moving the commercial operation date from December 31, 2026 to May 31, 2026.", "source": "https://puc.idaho.gov/Fileroom/PublicFiles/ELEC/IPC/IPCE2420/CaseFiles/20240516Application.pdf" }, { "date": "2024-10-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Idaho Business Review reported the Kuna data center was running right on schedule per Meta's community development manager, on track for a 2025 completion despite an earlier roughly eight-month redesign pause to accommodate AI infrastructure.", "source": "https://idahobusinessreview.com/2024/10/25/metas-mega-data-center-in-kuna-on-track-to-be-completed-by-2025/" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Meta stated it invested over $70 million to build a water and wastewater treatment facility at the Kuna site that has since been gifted to the city of Kuna.", "source": "https://about.fb.com/news/2025/12/advancing-water-stewardship-in-metas-data-center-communities/" }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Deseret Magazine reported the Kuna facility would use about 70,000 gallons of water daily in winter months (drawing on water rights for roughly 3 million gallons/day), was in final construction stages, and quoted a nearby resident objecting to the power demands.", "source": "https://www.deseret.com/magazine/2026/03/04/idaho-data-centers-agriculture-water-future/" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Gem State Chronicle reported the Kuna facility's assessed valuation crossed $1 billion in 2025, triggering Idaho's $400 million taxable-value cap for qualifying data centers, and that Meta had separately paid the city an $8.2 million one-time mitigation payment.", "source": "https://gemstatechronicle.com/2026/08/micron-meta-data-center-property-tax/" } ] }, { "id": "meta-temple", "name": "Meta Temple", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Temple", "state": "TX", "lat": 31.11, "lon": -97.37, "size_mw": 152, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~152 MW.", "source": "https://jedunn.com/projects/meta-temple-data-center/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2022-03-31", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta announces it will build an $800 million, approximately 900,000-square-foot hyperscale data center on 393 acres off NW H K Dodgen Loop and Industrial Blvd in Temple, supporting about 100 permanent jobs with construction starting in spring 2022.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/meta-to-open-hyperscale-data-center-in-temple-texas-301514530.html" }, { "date": "2022-03-31", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "City of Temple announces Meta's new hyperscale data center; Mayor Tim Davis calls it a significant win for the community; Temple EDC President Adrian Cannady and Governor Greg Abbott also praised the project.", "source": "https://www.templetx.gov/news_detail_T13_R305.php" }, { "date": "2022-12-15", "kind": "construction", "summary": "KWTX reports Meta is pausing construction at its Temple facility, stating it decided to change the design; a spokesperson said Meta remains committed to the community and local stakeholders.", "source": "https://www.kwtx.com/2022/12/16/facebooks-parent-company-meta-pausing-construction-new-facility-temple/" }, { "date": "2022-12-19", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Construction Dive reports Meta paused construction at its $800 million Temple data center to change the design; the pause followed Meta's November 2022 mass layoffs; general contractor is JE Dunn.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/meta-pauses-800m-data-center-project-temple-texas/639081/" }, { "date": "2023-10-20", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction Review Online reports Meta restarted work at Temple and Kuna after halting globally to redesign data centers for denser GPU installations for AI applications.", "source": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/construction-resumes-at-meta-data-centres-across-the-country/" }, { "date": "2023-10-23", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction Dive reports JE Dunn resumed construction on Meta's Temple data center after the December 2022 pause; Meta says the AI-optimized redesign is 31% less expensive and takes half the time to build; completion shifted from 2025 to 2026.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/je-dunn-meta-data-center-temple-texas/697450/" }, { "date": "2025-04-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "GovTech reports Minnesota-based Oppidan Investment Co. purchased 10 acres from the Temple Economic Development Corp. in March 2025 and plans a $31 million, 61,554-square-foot data center at 2325 Eberhardt Road directly across from Meta's campus.", "source": "https://www.govtech.com/products/new-data-center-coming-to-temple-texas-near-meta-campus" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Meta officially opens its $1.2 billion AI-optimized data center on Industrial Boulevard in Temple; the 760,000-square-foot, two-building campus supports nearly 100 operations jobs and employed over 1,200 trade workers at peak construction.", "source": "https://www.kwtx.com/2026/07/22/meta-goes-live-temple-with-12-billion-ai-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "At the opening event Meta announced a $400,000 grant as part of $1.7 million in total direct funding to Bell County-area schools and nonprofits, plus $8 million in local public water and wastewater improvements.", "source": "https://www.kwtx.com/2026/07/22/meta-goes-live-temple-with-12-billion-ai-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Spectrum News reports the Temple facility is Meta's first AI-optimized data center globally to go online; Meta's Bradley Davis says it uses a closed-loop liquid cooling system requiring zero water for most of the year; Joe Royer of Temple Stands Together community opposition group raised concerns about water consumption, power demand, and heat island effects.", "source": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/tx/south-texas-el-paso/news/2026/07/30/temple-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Texas Scorecard reports Meta declined to specify exact water and power requirements for the Temple facility; community opposition voiced on Meta's Facebook page with commenters stating they do not want the data center.", "source": "https://texasscorecard.com/local/1-2b-meta-data-center-opens-in-temple/" } ] }, { "id": "meta-cheyenne", "name": "Meta Cheyenne", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Cheyenne", "state": "WY", "lat": 41.14, "lon": -104.82, "size_mw": 152, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~152 MW.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/07/hello-cheyenne/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-11-07", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The Cheyenne Public Services Committee approved a development agreement for 'Project Cosmo,' a data center development by Goat Systems LLC on 945 acres in the High Plains Business Park.", "source": "https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/cheyenne-city-council-committee-approves-project-cosmo/article_b042937c-7dd5-11ee-b0fb-7b03130c6b48.html" }, { "date": "2024-05-09", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "As of this date Meta had not yet been publicly named as the company behind Project Cosmo/Goat Systems LLC, though Fortis Construction had roughly 800 workers on site clearing the 945-acre parcel and a public announcement was planned for early July 2024.", "source": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2024/05/09/exclusive-work-underway-on-multibillion-dollar-meta-data-center-in-wyoming/" }, { "date": "2024-07-02", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta formally announced its Cheyenne data center: an $800 million, 715,000-square-foot campus at High Plains Business Park expected to support about 100 jobs, with over 1,000 construction workers at peak and a 2027 online target, built by Fortis Construction with Black Hills Energy supplying grid resources.", "source": "https://www.wyomingpublicmedia.org/wyoming-economy/2024-07-08/meta-announces-800-million-data-center-in-cheyenne" }, { "date": "2025-05-26", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Cheyenne City Council voted 8-1 against a proposed 12-month moratorium on new data center development, after nearly four hours of public comment citing water supply, noise, farmland conversion, and pace-of-change concerns.", "source": "https://www.cheyennechamber.org/post/cheyenne-votes-down-data-center-moratorium-what-happened-and-what-s-actually-confirmed" }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "The Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities discovered white bacterial colonies during routine wastewater system testing, later traced to Meta's Cheyenne Data Center contractor.", "source": "https://wyofile.com/white-colonies-of-petri-dish-bacteria-led-to-data-center-pollution-fine/" }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "The Wyoming Public Health Laboratory identified the bacteria found in Cheyenne's reclaimed water system as Cupriavidus gilardii, an unusual soil bacterium.", "source": "https://wyofile.com/white-colonies-of-petri-dish-bacteria-led-to-data-center-pollution-fine/" }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Investigators confirmed the same bacteria was present at Meta's predischarge storage tank, and Cheyenne's Board of Public Utilities revoked Goat Systems LLC's industrial discharge permit for the Meta data center.", "source": "https://wyofile.com/white-colonies-of-petri-dish-bacteria-led-to-data-center-pollution-fine/" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "The Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities issued its first public statement on the contamination, about four months after the bacteria was first discovered, citing the Meta data center operator for 'serious noncompliance' with wastewater discharge standards and a $10,000 fine.", "source": "https://wyofile.com/white-colonies-of-petri-dish-bacteria-led-to-data-center-pollution-fine/" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "The Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities announced it would stop accepting industrial wastewater from data-center fill-and-flush and closed-loop cooling operations citywide following the Meta contamination incident.", "source": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/07/02/cheyenne-wont-take-data-center-wastewater-after-meta-company-contaminated-system/" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Meta/Goat Systems filed a six-page appeal disputing the source of the bacteria contamination, asking the Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities for a contested-case hearing and a refund of the $10,000 fine.", "source": "https://wyofile.com/meta-wants-hearing-10k-fine-refunded-in-data-center-water-case/" } ] }, { "id": "amazon-ridgeland", "name": "Amazon Ridgeland", "operator": "Amazon", "owner": "Amazon", "tenant": "Anthropic", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Ridgeland", "state": "MS", "lat": 32.43, "lon": -90.13, "size_mw": 228, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Project Rainier. Chip types: Trainium2. Epoch AI estimates ~228 MW.", "source": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dQ5Pxl7rQAHLvHoTYrpOX32WAolo46d7/view?usp=sharing", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-01-25", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Mississippi lawmakers passed three bills (SB 2001 'Project Atlas', HB 1, HB 2) during a special session, approving incentives for AWS's $10 billion investment to build two data center complexes in Madison County, including a site in Ridgeland near Tougaloo College.", "source": "https://magnoliatribune.com/2024/01/25/mississippi-lawmakers-back-10-billion-amazon-project/" }, { "date": "2024-05-20", "kind": "construction", "summary": "AWS held a ceremonial groundbreaking in Madison County for the $10 billion data center project, attended by Governor Tate Reeves and U.S. Senators Roger Wicker and Cindy Hyde-Smith.", "source": "https://magnoliatribune.com/2024/05/20/amazon-web-services-holds-ceremonial-groundbreaking-in-madison-county/" }, { "date": "2024-09-18", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction was underway on both Madison County sites (which began fall 2023), with three general contractors building roughly 16 buildings at the Canton site and building pads underway at the 786-acre Ridgeland campus, targeting first building online by January 2025 and full campus completion by mid-2027.", "source": "https://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/several-top-regional-contractors-are-building-10b-twin-aws-data-centers-in-mississippi/65887" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "The Ridgeland mayor and Board of Aldermen approved amendments to the city's zoning ordinance in April 2026 to better govern data center facilities, a move made in response to AWS's presence in the city.", "source": "https://www.wlbt.com/2026/06/02/another-city-consider-zoning-ordinance-changes-tackle-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-04-09", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "At a Ridgeland press conference, Amazon and Governor Tate Reeves announced a further $13 billion expansion of data centers in Madison County and Clinton, bringing Amazon cumulative Mississippi investment to $25 billion and projecting 2,000 total jobs.", "source": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/amazon-is-expanding-data-centers-in-central-mississippi-governor-announces/" }, { "date": "2026-04-09", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "As part of the expansion announcement, Amazon said the Canton facility would transition to 100% recycled wastewater cooling by 2027 and cited a $300 million grid-improvement partnership with Entergy Mississippi.", "source": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-25-billion-mississippi-data-centers" }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "kind": "utility", "summary": "AWS is investing about $37 million directly in Ridgeland water and sewer system improvements (new wells, a one-million-gallon storage tank, sewer expansion) tied to its $10.5 billion Ridgeland-area construction, plus an additional $26.4 million in state-loan-funded public projects to be repaid from AWS property tax revenue.", "source": "https://www.wlbt.com/2026/05/07/63m-water-sewer-upgrades-tap-ridgeland-thanks-aws-investment/" } ] }, { "id": "meta-huntsville", "name": "Meta Huntsville", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Toney (Madison County)", "state": "AL", "lat": 34.79, "lon": -86.75, "size_mw": 146, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~146 MW.", "source": "https://plateauexcavation.com/projects/huntsville-meta-data-center-meta-project-ferris/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2018-05-24", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Huntsville City Council unanimously approved the sale of 340 acres in the North Huntsville Industrial Park to Facebook's project entity, Starbelt LLC, for $8.5 million.", "source": "https://governor.alabama.gov/newsroom/2018/06/governor-ivey-announces-facebook-to-invest-750-million-in-new-data-center-in-huntsville/" }, { "date": "2018-06-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Kay Ivey announced Facebook would invest $750 million to build a data center in Huntsville, projected to create about 100 jobs at an average annual salary of $80,000, with Facebook set to receive an estimated $86.25 million in Alabama Jobs Act credits over 10 years.", "source": "https://governor.alabama.gov/newsroom/2018/06/governor-ivey-announces-facebook-to-invest-750-million-in-new-data-center-in-huntsville/" }, { "date": "2022-12-16", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Meta announced a temporary work stoppage on the Huntsville data center expansion, with a company spokesperson attributing it to changes in the data center's design.", "source": "https://www.waff.com/2022/12/16/construction-slowing-down-meta-huntsville-data-center/" }, { "date": "2022-12-20", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Meta confirmed it halted construction on a portion of its $1.5 billion Huntsville expansion to change the facility's design, part of a broader pullback that also paused a Temple, Texas project and canceled a planned Odense, Denmark facility amid the company's shift toward AI infrastructure.", "source": "https://www.theregister.com/off-prem/2022/12/20/meta-puts-15b-alabama-datacenter-on-hold-pending-redesign/493260" } ] }, { "id": "meta-aiken", "name": "Meta Aiken", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Trenton (Aiken County)", "state": "SC", "lat": 33.73, "lon": -81.85, "size_mw": 142, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~142 MW.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/08/hello-south-carolina/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2022-12-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "In December 2022, Starskey LLC (later revealed as Meta's project entity) and affiliated buyers purchased four parcels totaling 572.58 acres in Sage Mill Industrial Park in Graniteville for $19.3 million.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/project-sabal-result-investment-least-235600718.html" }, { "date": "2023-03-21", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Aiken County Council unanimously approved second reading of a fee-in-lieu-of-tax and incentive agreement for 'Project Sabal' (code name for Meta's data center), represented by Starskey LLC, involving at least $800 million in investment and 50 jobs.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/project-sabal-result-investment-least-235600718.html" }, { "date": "2023-04-18", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Aiken County Council approved third and final reading of two ordinances for Project Sabal by a 7-2 vote: a fee-in-lieu-of-tax agreement and a jointly owned industrial park with Edgefield County; dissenting votes came from council members Kelley Mobley and Mike Kellems, who objected to the company's identity being withheld.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/aiken-county-council-approves-incentives-235600074.html" }, { "date": "2024-08-29", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Henry McMaster and Meta announced Meta's $800 million data center in Aiken County at Sage Mill Industrial Park, a 715,000-square-foot campus optimized for AI workloads, creating approximately 100 operational jobs and over 1,000 construction jobs, expected operational spring 2027.", "source": "https://governor.sc.gov/news/2024-08/meta-selects-aiken-county-first-south-carolina-data-center" }, { "date": "2024-08-29", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta published a blog post announcing its Aiken County data center as its 22nd U.S. and 26th global facility, noting partnership with Aiken Electric Cooperative for 100% renewable energy matching and a commitment to LEED Gold certification.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/08/hello-south-carolina/" }, { "date": "2024-08-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "WRDW reported Meta's announcement of the $800 million data center in Aiken County's Sage Mill Industrial Park, with 100 permanent jobs and 1,000 construction jobs, and Meta's pledge to launch community action grants partnering with local schools for STEAM education.", "source": "https://www.wrdw.com/2024/08/29/facebook-parent-company-brings-data-center-jobs-aiken/" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "kind": "utility", "summary": "Latitude Media reported Meta and Silicon Ranch partnered on a 100-megawatt solar farm in Orangeburg County, SC, with power flowing through Central Electric Power Cooperative to Aiken Electric Cooperative to serve Meta's data center; Meta will receive all renewable energy credits from the facility.", "source": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/meta-is-using-a-familiar-energy-strategy-for-its-newest-ai-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "kind": "financing", "summary": "WRDW reported Silicon Ranch will make a $100 million investment in a 100-megawatt solar farm in Orangeburg County to help power Meta's Aiken County data center, expected to generate over $8 million in local tax revenues; both the solar farm and data center are expected online in 2027.", "source": "https://www.wrdw.com/2025/08/20/100m-solar-farm-help-power-meta-data-center-aiken-county/" }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Meta donated $75,000 to the Aiken Chamber of Commerce Foundation to support the Aiken Innovation Corridor initiative, aimed at positioning Aiken as a high-tech hub leveraging proximity to Savannah River National Laboratory.", "source": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/meta-gives-75k-chamber-foundation-104800672.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Aiken Standard reported Meta's data center at Sage Mill Industrial Park is scheduled for completion in 2027, with Meta pledging to return 100% of energy used back to the grid and to achieve water-positive status by 2030.", "source": "https://www.postandcourier.com/aikenstandard/news/local/discover-aiken-county-data-centers-meta/article_54d1501a-9766-4068-9ee3-2ad1d1fe9680.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "kind": "construction", "summary": "WFXG reported the Meta data center is nearing completion: buildings are up and both electrical substations are complete, with the facility consuming 200 MW of power, using 20,000 gallons of water daily via closed-loop cooling, and generating $4.8 million in annual property taxes for Aiken County.", "source": "https://www.wfxg.com/news/aiken-data-center-nearing-completion/article_4facd65f-d825-463d-91b5-1ed60eca94f9.html" }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "kind": "utility", "summary": "South Carolina electric cooperatives, including Aiken Electric Cooperative which serves Meta's data center, adopted a new standardized rate for customers needing 20+ MW, requiring minimum 15-year contracts, prepayment for infrastructure upgrades, and power reduction during energy shortages.", "source": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/03/18/sc-electric-co-ops-adopt-new-data-center-rate-protect-customers/" } ] }, { "id": "coreweave-helios", "name": "Coreweave Helios", "operator": "CoreWeave", "owner": "CoreWeave", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Afton (Dickens County)", "state": "TX", "lat": 33.77, "lon": -100.54, "size_mw": 132, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B200. Epoch AI estimates ~132 MW.", "source": "https://investor.galaxy.com/news/news-details/2025/Galaxy-Announces-Third-Quarter-2025-Financial-Results/default.aspx", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2022-12-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Galaxy Digital completed its acquisition of the Helios data center campus in Dickens County, Texas, from Argo Blockchain for approximately $65 million; the facility had begun bitcoin mining operations in May 2022.", "source": "https://www.kcbd.com/2025/04/10/firm-transform-bitcoin-mining-facility-dickens-co-into-ai-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-03-28", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Galaxy Digital announced a 15-year lease agreement with CoreWeave to deliver 133 MW of critical IT load (approximately 200 MW gross) at the Helios campus for AI and HPC operations, valued at approximately $4.5 billion over the lease term.", "source": "https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2025/04/238847-galaxy-digital-announces-commitment-with-coreweave-to-host-additional-ai-and-computing-infrastructure/" }, { "date": "2025-04-09", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KCBD reported that Galaxy is demolishing some of the existing data center shell and unplugging mining machines to begin converting the Helios campus from bitcoin mining to AI infrastructure for CoreWeave.", "source": "https://www.kcbd.com/2025/04/10/firm-transform-bitcoin-mining-facility-dickens-co-into-ai-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-04-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "CoreWeave exercised its first option to expand at Helios, adding 260 MW of incremental critical IT load (Phase II) under similar economic terms, bringing total contracted capacity to approximately 393 MW with deliveries expected throughout 2027.", "source": "https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2025/04/238847-galaxy-digital-announces-commitment-with-coreweave-to-host-additional-ai-and-computing-infrastructure/" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Galaxy Digital closed a $1.4 billion project financing facility in August 2025 to accelerate development of the Helios AI data center campus, supplemented by $350 million of Galaxy's own capital.", "source": "https://introl.com/blog/galaxy-helios-1-6gw-ercot-approval-texas-data-center-2026" }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "kind": "filing", "summary": "ERCOT approved an additional 830 MW of interconnection capacity for the Helios campus, bringing total approved capacity to 1.6 GW — described as the largest single-site allocation in ERCOT's large load interconnection queue.", "source": "https://introl.com/blog/galaxy-helios-1-6gw-ercot-approval-texas-data-center-2026" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Rent under the Phase I CoreWeave lease commenced in Q2 2026, with Galaxy delivering 133 MW of critical IT load (approximately 200 MW gross power) at the Helios campus.", "source": "https://www.theblock.co/post/407396/galaxy-delivers-133-mw-of-critical-it-load-to-coreweave-as-helios-bitcoin-mine-turns-ai-hub" }, { "date": "2026-07-07", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Block reported that Galaxy delivered Phase I (133 MW critical IT) to CoreWeave on budget and on schedule, with Phase II (260 MW) under construction and data hall deliveries expected in H1 2027.", "source": "https://www.theblock.co/post/407396/galaxy-delivers-133-mw-of-critical-it-load-to-coreweave-as-helios-bitcoin-mine-turns-ai-hub" }, { "date": "2026-08-15", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Texas Spur reported on the Galaxy-CoreWeave deal at the Helios facility in northern Dickens County, noting Galaxy is building out Phase II and that CoreWeave's largest customer is Microsoft.", "source": "https://www.thetexasspur.com/news/galaxy-inks-major-deal-dickens-helios-host-services-coreweave" } ] }, { "id": "google-arcola", "name": "Google Arcola", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Sterling (Loudoun County)", "state": "VA", "lat": 39.01, "lon": -77.52, "size_mw": 77, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Epoch AI estimates ~77 MW.", "source": "https://www.bisnow.com/national/news/data-center/google-investing-1b-to-improve-northern-virginia-data-centers-124025", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2017-11-30", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google confirmed it purchased a 91-acre site at Arcola Center in Loudoun County for $58 million and a 57-acre site at Stonewall Business Park near Leesburg for $31 million, totaling 148 acres for $89 million, marking its entry into owned data center property in Northern Virginia.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11430462/google-buys-two-data-center-sites-in-northern-virginia" }, { "date": "2018-05-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "In May 2018, the developer Arcola LLC proposed major proffer revisions for the Arcola Center site to convert 45 acres from commercial retail to industrial park (data center) use, delete commercial and residential phasing, and revise road construction timelines.", "source": "https://loudounnow.com/2018/05/24/arcola-center-proposes-major-revision-for-google-plans/" }, { "date": "2018-09-12", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Loudoun County Board of Supervisors held a public hearing on Google's Arcola Center rezoning application to expand data center development beyond the 1.5 million sq ft permitted by-right to up to 2.35 million sq ft; county staff had recommended against the proposal citing concerns about data centers becoming the dominant land use.", "source": "https://www.loudountimes.com/news/nearby-residents-hoping-for-progress-at-loudouns-arcola-center/article_19cfce22-b833-11e8-b8f4-4392524b2e09.html" }, { "date": "2018-10-25", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Loudoun County Board of Supervisors approved Google's Arcola Center rezoning 6-0 (2 absent, 1 abstention), permitting up to 2.35 million sq ft of data center development in exchange for $25.3 million in proffers including road improvements, $5.2 million toward a Route 50 interchange, land and $5.6 million for an elementary school, and nearly $4 million in capital facilities contributions.", "source": "https://www.loudounnow.com/archives/supervisors-approve-45-more-acres-of-google-data-centers/article_228c43ae-2e0d-5ed6-8c7c-a801519ddd7d.html" }, { "date": "2019-06-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "In June 2019, Google announced a $600 million investment to expand its Loudoun County data center campuses at Arcola Center and Stonewall Business Park, bringing its total Virginia investment to $1.2 billion, alongside $200,000 in STEM education grants to local foundations.", "source": "https://technical.ly/startups/google-is-investing-600m-into-loudoun-county/" }, { "date": "2020-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google's first data center building at the Dulles Arcola Center campus (Building 1, short code ARA1A) at 42575 Arcola Blvd, Sterling, VA became operational, listed with a year built of 2020.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-dulles-arcola-center" }, { "date": "2022-01-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Google's Arcola 2 building on the Arcola campus became operational, listed with a year built of 2022.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-arcola-2" }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Google announced a $1 billion investment to expand its Virginia data center campuses, including the two Loudoun County sites (Arcola and Leesburg) and a Prince William County facility, bringing total Virginia investment to over $4.2 billion; the announcement was made by Google President Ruth Porat alongside Governor Glenn Youngkin at Google's Reston headquarters.", "source": "https://wjla.com/news/local/virginia-data-center-campuses-campus-google-1-billion-dollar-investment-prince-william-county-governor-glenn-youngkin-residents-debate-controversy-jobs-resources" }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Alongside the $1 billion expansion, Google announced a $75 million AI Opportunity Fund for workforce development and confirmed its Arcola and Leesburg campuses are located within Loudoun County's data center overlay district.", "source": "https://www.insidenova.com/headlines/google-announces-1b-for-data-center-expansion-in-loudoun-prince-william-counties/article_9433c720-03ed-11ef-8ddb-5392b0e1e83f.html" } ] }, { "id": "microsoft-project-osmium", "name": "Microsoft Project Osmium", "operator": "Microsoft", "owner": "Microsoft", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "West Des Moines", "state": "IA", "lat": 41.47, "lon": -93.78, "size_mw": 190, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: A100,H100,B200. Epoch AI estimates ~190 MW.", "source": "https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/microsofts-ai-strategy-deconstructed", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2016-07-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "West Des Moines Mayor Steve Gaer announced Project Osmium, a $1.5-2 billion Microsoft data center campus spanning 1.7 million square feet on 200 acres across Warren County (160 acres) and Madison County (40 acres), described as the largest data center deployment Microsoft had ever built in the United States, with construction planned for spring 2017 in four phases of buildings ranging from 256,000 to 583,200 square feet each.", "source": "https://www.thewintersetcitizen.net/2016/07/microsoft-announcement-impacts-madison-county/" }, { "date": "2016-07-23", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "CircleID reported that Project Osmium would bring Microsoft's cumulative West Des Moines investment to nearly $3.5 billion and contribute over $12 million annually in property taxes to local school districts, counties, and municipalities.", "source": "https://circleid.com/posts/20160723_microsoft_reveals_project_osmium_largest_data_center_in_us" }, { "date": "2020-01-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "In 2020, the first building at the Project Osmium campus was constructed at 5855 SW Kerry Street, West Des Moines.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-des-moines-project-osmium" }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "kind": "permit", "summary": "In 2021, Microsoft was granted permission for the third of five planned buildings at the Project Osmium site by West Des Moines city officials, for a 241,000-square-foot data center facility.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-des-moines-project-osmium" }, { "date": "2022-12-01", "kind": "permit", "summary": "In December 2022, Microsoft received a building permit valued at $255 million for the fourth building at the Project Osmium campus at 5855 SW Kerry Street, West Des Moines.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/news/microsoft-expands-in-des-moines-iowa" }, { "date": "2023-08-16", "kind": "permit", "summary": "A building permit valued at $345 million was issued for the fifth and final 250,000-square-foot building at the Project Osmium complex at 5855 SW Kerry Street, completing the planned buildout of the 1.7-million-square-foot campus.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/microsoft-des-moines-project-osmium" }, { "date": "2023-09-01", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "In September 2023, Futurism reported that Microsoft's West Des Moines data centers, where OpenAI's GPT-4 was trained, consumed 11.5 million gallons of water in July 2022 and 13.4 million gallons in August 2022 during drought conditions, making Microsoft consistently one of the top three water consumers in the district since 2020.", "source": "https://futurism.com/critics-microsoft-water-train-ai-drought" }, { "date": "2025-05-01", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "In May 2025, WPR reported that Microsoft's five data center campuses in West Des Moines, including Project Osmium, represent a total investment of $5-6 billion, employ over 600 people, consumed 68.5 million gallons of water in 2024 (2.62% of the district total), and account for over 10% of the city's tax base.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-data-center-iowa-wisconsin-expect" } ] }, { "id": "google-storey-county", "name": "Google Storey County", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Storey County", "state": "NV", "lat": 39.52, "lon": -119.54, "size_mw": 161, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v5e,TPU v6e. Epoch AI estimates ~161 MW.", "source": "https://ndep-onbase.nv.gov/api/Document/AeFo%C3%89pjclbkomJ7CWpPryLOjA6FQT9HFrkSuMWbMXTpKCzSR%C3%81W1f8zzFhGhik1iZCcNSpuTRRqNXD1inrrpBxtA%3D/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2017-04-17", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google purchased more than 1,200 acres near the Tesla Gigafactory at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center in Storey County for over $29 million, with plans to build a data center.", "source": "https://www.kolotv.com/content/news/Google-buying-land-in--419668113.html" }, { "date": "2020-09-16", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "The Nevada Governor's Office of Economic Development board approved Google (Design, LLC) for a $25 million tax abatement package (2% sales tax abatement for 20 years worth $16.8 million and 75% personal property tax abatement for 20 years worth $8.25 million) for a $600 million data center at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center in Storey County, expected to create at least 50 jobs.", "source": "https://www.carsonnow.org/story/09/16/2020/abatements-okd-google-storey-lithium-nevada-corp-henderson-bring-11b-investments" }, { "date": "2020-09-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google formally announced a $600 million data center investment at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center in Storey County, expected to be fully operational in 2021 and employ at least 50 people at an average wage of $31.29 per hour.", "source": "https://www.areadevelopment.com/newsitems/9-22-2020/google-data-center-storey-county-nevada.shtml" }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google's Storey County data center became operational in 2021, per Google's own site listing and multiple reports confirming the facility was built in 2021.", "source": "https://datacenters.google/locations/storey-county-nevada/" }, { "date": "2023-11-28", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google announced that its partnership with Fervo Energy had produced an operational 3.5 MW enhanced geothermal power project in Nevada, delivering carbon-free electricity to the grid serving Google's data centers on a 24/7 basis.", "source": "https://blog.google/company-news/outreach-and-initiatives/sustainability/google-fervo-geothermal-energy-partnership/" }, { "date": "2024-06-07", "kind": "utility", "summary": "NV Energy filed a proposed Clean Transition Tariff with the Nevada Public Utilities Commission to purchase 115 MW of enhanced geothermal power from Fervo Energy's Corsac Station project and supply it to Google's Storey County data centers.", "source": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/google-fervo-nv-energy-nevada-puc-clean-energy-tariff/719472/" }, { "date": "2024-08-27", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced plans to invest more than $400 million in Nevada in 2024 to expand its data center campuses in Storey and Clark counties, bringing total state investment to over $2.2 billion since 2019.", "source": "https://www.carsonnow.org/09/02/2024/google-spend-400-million-expand-nevada-data-centers-storey-clark-counties" }, { "date": "2025-05-13", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Public Utilities Commission of Nevada approved the Clean Transition Tariff enabling NV Energy to procure 115 MW of Fervo Energy enhanced geothermal power and supply it to Google's Nevada data centers.", "source": "https://blog.google/feed/nevada-clean-energy/" }, { "date": "2025-05-20", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "MIT Technology Review reported that Google's Storey County facility withdrew 1.9 million gallons and consumed 200,000 gallons of water in 2023 using air-cooling technology, and that Google declined to specify the scale of its planned expansion.", "source": "https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/05/20/1116287/ai-data-centers-nevada-water-reno-computing-environmental-impact/" } ] }, { "id": "meta-eagle-mountain", "name": "Meta Eagle Mountain", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Eagle Mountain", "state": "UT", "lat": 40.31, "lon": -112.01, "size_mw": 133, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~133 MW.", "source": "https://www.facebook.com/EagleMountainDataCenter/posts/517902967007646", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2018-05-30", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Facebook announced a $750 million, 970,000-square-foot data center campus on approximately 500 acres in Eagle Mountain, with Gov. Gary Herbert and state officials present; five taxing entities ratified a $150 million tax incentive package over 20 years for Phase 1.", "source": "https://www.deseret.com/2018/5/30/20646041/no-surprise-facebook-to-build-data-center-in-eagle-mountain/" }, { "date": "2018-06-02", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Utah Public Radio reported Facebook chose Eagle Mountain for renewable energy availability, local workforce, and community support; the company had invested approximately $100 million in infrastructure to the site.", "source": "https://www.upr.org/utah-news/2018-06-02/why-did-facebook-choose-eagle-mountain-to-build-a-data-center" }, { "date": "2019-12-11", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Facebook announced Phase 2, adding 500,000 square feet to the campus and raising total investment to over $1 billion; a separate tax increment financing deal returned approximately $60 million to Facebook with $6.6 million allocated to Eagle Mountain's Redevelopment Agency for affordable housing.", "source": "https://www.deseret.com/utah/2019/12/11/21011091/facebook-eagle-mountain-utah-center-expansion-tax/" }, { "date": "2021-02-11", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Deseret News reported Facebook's Eagle Mountain campus had logged over 4 million construction work hours and used over 12,000 tons of steel and 100,000 cubic yards of concrete, with potential tax relief across all five phases totaling $750 million over 40 years.", "source": "https://www.deseret.com/utah/2021/2/11/22277090/facebook-server-farm-social-media-tax-breaks-public-subsidy-big-tech-eagle-mountain/" }, { "date": "2021-02-12", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Facebook announced a further 900,000-square-foot expansion with two new buildings, bringing planned campus total to five buildings with approximately 1,500 workers at peak construction.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/11428402/facebook-to-expand-utah-data-center-campus-by-900000-sf" }, { "date": "2021-03-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "EDCUtah, Eagle Mountain, and the Governor's Office of Economic Development jointly announced 'Project Steeplechase II,' the 900,000-square-foot, two-building expansion powered by 100% renewable energy from over 600 MW of new solar capacity on Utah's grid.", "source": "https://www.edcutah.org/recent-news/project-steeplechase-ii-facebooks-eagle-mountain-data-center-expansion" }, { "date": "2021-07-14", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Facebook's Eagle Mountain data center began serving traffic, marking the first phase as operational; the company reported over $1 billion invested, 1,250 workers at peak construction, and approximately $2 million in community grants since 2018 groundbreaking.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2021/07/utah-county-we-are-online/" }, { "date": "2021-10-04", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Deseret News reported the first phase of Facebook's Eagle Mountain data center went live in July 2021 as Phase 2 construction continued, with over 1,200 workers at peak and plans for five total buildings on the 500-acre site.", "source": "https://www.deseret.com/utah/2021/10/4/22709130/google-joins-facebook-in-eagle-mountain-utah-data-center-facebook/" }, { "date": "2022-09-30", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta announced Phase 3, adding approximately 2 million square feet via two new buildings to bring the campus to 4.5 million square feet across seven data centers, raising total investment to $1.5 billion; the company also announced a $200,000 grant for the Hobble Creek Flow Restoration Project.", "source": "https://www.deseret.com/utah/2022/9/30/23380151/facebook-meta-announces-expansion-eagle-mountain-data-center-tax-breaks/" }, { "date": "2022-09-30", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Meta committed to funding water restoration projects equaling 200% of the Eagle Mountain facility's water consumption into the Provo River watershed, including 416 million gallons annually from an existing Provo River project and 467 million gallons from the new Hobble Creek project.", "source": "https://www.facebook.com/EagleMountainDataCenter/posts/517902967007646" }, { "date": "2022-10-03", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "W.Media reported Meta's Phase 3 expansion would add two buildings totaling approximately 2 million square feet to the existing 2.4 million square feet, with Meta having invested $120 million in infrastructure upgrades (roads, electricity) before construction began.", "source": "https://w.media/meta-to-expand-eagle-mountain-data-center-project/" } ] }, { "id": "google-lancaster", "name": "Google Lancaster", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Lancaster", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.71, "lon": -82.6, "size_mw": 137, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v5e,TPU v5p,TPU v7,TPU v6e. Epoch AI estimates ~137 MW.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-to-build-two-more-data-centers-in-columbus-ohio/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2021-08-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced Lancaster as the site for a future data center on Whiley Road in the Rock Mill Industrial Park; the city's Economic Development Director Mike Pettit had worked over a year to secure the project, and Google purchased approximately 120 acres of farmland for close to $4 million in August 2021.", "source": "https://www.sciotopost.com/google-to-open-data-center-in-lancaster-ohio/" }, { "date": "2023-05-03", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google formally announced construction of two new data centers in Columbus and Lancaster, bringing its total Ohio investment to over $2 billion; Lancaster Mayor David Scheffler confirmed a 15-year, 100% tax abatement on real estate improvements, buildings, and equipment, plus a $700,000 roadwork grant from the Ohio Department of Development.", "source": "https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/google-company-increasing-investment-central-ohio-governor-mike-dewine-corporate-leaders-announcement" }, { "date": "2023-05-03", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction began on Google's Lancaster campus at 104 Whiley Road on approximately 120 acres, with union labor from the Columbus/Central Ohio Building and Construction Trades Council (over 18,000 workers across 21 affiliated local unions); Google also awarded a $100,000 grant to the Columbus Building Futures Program.", "source": "https://columbusconstruction.org/work-underway-on-two-more-google-datacenters-in-ohio/" }, { "date": "2023-05-03", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Ohio Governor Mike DeWine and Google VP of Government Affairs Mark Isakowitz announced the two new central Ohio data centers; Isakowitz stated Google would have three operational data centers in central Ohio, and the $120 million Lancaster campus was described as being built on roughly 120 acres of farmland.", "source": "https://www.statenews.org/government-politics/2023-05-03/google-to-build-two-new-data-centers-in-ohio-in-addition-to-an-existing-one-in-columbus" }, { "date": "2023-08-29", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Google announced an additional $1.7 billion investment across its three central Ohio data center campuses in Columbus, New Albany, and Lancaster, to complete the Columbus and Lancaster centers and expand New Albany; each center was estimated to create approximately 1,200 construction jobs and a few hundred permanent employees.", "source": "https://www.wosu.org/2023-08-29/google-announces-1-7-billion-investment-in-3-central-ohio-data-centers" }, { "date": "2023-08-30", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Construction Dive reported Google's $1.7 billion investment across its three Ohio campuses, with Ohio Lt. Gov. Jon Husted stating that Ohio is establishing itself as a premier destination for technology investment.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-ohio-data-center-campus-expansion-columbus-lancaster-new-albany/692216/" }, { "date": "2024-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "The first data center building on Google's Lancaster campus was completed and became operational in 2024, according to Baxtel's facility tracker.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-lancaster-oh" }, { "date": "2024-06-18", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Google announced a further $2.3 billion investment in its three Ohio data center campuses (Columbus, New Albany, and Lancaster), bringing total Ohio investment to over $4.4 billion since 2019; Lt. Gov. Jon Husted called central Ohio an important tech hub.", "source": "https://www.wosu.org/2024-06-18/google-to-invest-another-2-3-billion-in-central-ohio-data-centers" }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "A second building on Google's Lancaster campus (designated Lancaster 2 / 'Core Plaza') was completed and became operational in 2025, according to Baxtel's facility tracker.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-lancaster-2" }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "A Governing.com investigation confirmed Google has a Community Reinvestment Area (CRA) agreement with Lancaster but Google declined to disclose the specific terms; a related Google subsidiary (Magellan Enterprises LLC) received a 100%, 15-year CRA in Columbus valued at $54 million for 20 projected jobs.", "source": "https://www.governing.com/infrastructure/ohio-throws-hundreds-of-millions-to-tech-giants-data-centers" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "kind": "utility", "summary": "Google signed a 15-year power purchase agreement with TotalEnergies for 1.5 TWh of renewable electricity from TotalEnergies' 49 MW Montpelier solar farm in Ohio, connected to the PJM grid to support Google's Ohio data center operations including Lancaster.", "source": "https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2025/11/google-inks-ppa-for-49-mw-solar-project-to-power-ohio-data-center-operations/" } ] }, { "id": "google-mesa", "name": "Google Mesa", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Mesa", "state": "AZ", "lat": 33.42, "lon": -111.83, "size_mw": 90, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v6e. Epoch AI estimates ~90 MW.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-breaks-ground-on-mesa-data-center-campus-in-arizona/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2019-04-01", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Mesa rezoned approximately 187 acres of Morrison family farmland at Elliot and Sossaman roads for the data center project, then known by the codename Project Red Hawk, in April 2019.", "source": "https://ktar.com/story/2636779/mesa-city-council-oks-deal-for-1b-google-data-center/" }, { "date": "2019-07-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Mesa City Council approved a development agreement and 25-year Government Property Lease Excise Tax (GPLET) incentive for Google's $1 billion data center on 187 acres at Elliot and Sossaman roads; the deal was negotiated under the codename Project Red Hawk with Google operating as Stone Applications LLC.", "source": "https://ktar.com/story/2636779/mesa-city-council-oks-deal-for-1b-google-data-center/" }, { "date": "2019-07-02", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "AZBEX reported the council approval and revealed Google as the company behind Project Red Hawk, noting the project had been secret for over a year due to a confidentiality agreement; Mayor Giles said the corridor would be anchored by Apple and Google.", "source": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/google-picks-mesa-for-giant-data-center/" }, { "date": "2023-06-14", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Mesa Design Review Board began reviewing the Phase 1 site plan for the 288,530-square-foot data center building, utility switchyard, medium-voltage substation, security kiosk, and employee office building; engineering firm HDR Inc. submitted the plans on behalf of Stone Applications LLC.", "source": "https://www.commercialsearch.com/news/googles-1b-data-center-plan-begins-review-process/" }, { "date": "2023-09-06", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Google broke ground on its $600 million Phase 1 data center in Mesa, its first physical presence in Arizona; Governor Katie Hobbs, Mayor John Giles, and Rep. Greg Stanton attended; Google announced the facility would be 100% air-cooled and donated $150,000 to Salt River Project for watershed restoration.", "source": "https://www.gpec.org/news/press-releases/google-mesa-data-center-groundbreaking/" }, { "date": "2023-09-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Construction Dive reported on Google's $600 million Mesa data center groundbreaking, noting it was Google's first physical presence in Arizona and that a new Google Cloud region was also coming to Phoenix.", "source": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/google-data-center-mesa-arizona/693029/" }, { "date": "2023-09-10", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Mesa Tribune reported that city officials were looking to slow data center growth, with Councilman Scott Somers saying Mesa had seen 'more than our fair share' of data centers; at least 15 new data center projects were reportedly eyeing Mesa, and Google's $600 million facility was noted alongside the city's concerns about low job creation per acre.", "source": "https://www.themesatribune.com/news/mesa-looks-to-tap-the-brakes-on-data-centers/article_34673e28-4e97-11ee-a972-dfdf0dfd5039.html" }, { "date": "2024-04-09", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Mesa Design Review Board heard informational presentations on Google's Phase 2 data center (280,000 sq ft, air-cooled, codenamed Project Redhawk) and a separate one-story Redhawk HUB office building near Elliot and Sossaman roads; no formal action was taken.", "source": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/mesa-drb-hears-google-data-center-and-office-plan/" }, { "date": "2024-04-09", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "ABC15 reported that Google's Phase 2 design review was underway for a 280,000-square-foot building mirroring Phase 1, plus a Redhawk-HUB office building, on the campus that now represented a total $1 billion investment on over 185 acres.", "source": "https://www.abc15.com/news/business/google-data-centers-next-phase-goes-to-mesa-for-review" }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google's Phase 1 data center (288,530 sq ft) at the Red Hawk campus in Mesa became operational in July 2025, powered by air-cooling architecture with no water-intensive cooling towers.", "source": "https://dcpulse.com/project/google-red-hawk-mesa-arizona-ai-data-center" }, { "date": "2025-07-08", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Mesa City Council adopted new data center zoning regulations establishing 'Data Center' as a distinct land use category, after 15 data centers were constructed, approved, or proposed in the city over six years; Vice Mayor Somers called it the first step in more objective design standards.", "source": "https://www.kjzz.org/business/2025-07-14/mesa-city-council-approves-new-data-center-zoning-rules" }, { "date": "2025-10-14", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Mesa Design Review Board examined Phase 3 plans for a 283,500-square-foot data center building at 35 feet 10 inches tall with two server halls, including alternative compliance requests for wall and roof articulations under the Mesa Zoning Ordinance.", "source": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/google-planning-next-phase-of-mesa-data-center-facility/" } ] }, { "id": "meta-qts-hillsboro-2", "name": "Meta-QTS Hillsboro 2", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Hillsboro", "state": "OR", "lat": 45.54, "lon": -122.93, "size_mw": 180, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: H100. Epoch AI estimates ~180 MW.", "source": "https://q.com/data-centers/hillsboro-2/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2020-02-23", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "QTS announced commencement of development on its 92-acre mega data center campus in Hillsboro, Oregon, planning five buildings totaling over 1 million leasable sq ft and 250+ MW gross power capacity.", "source": "https://hostingjournalist.com/news/qts-commences-development-of-mega-data-center-campus-in-hillsboro-oregon" }, { "date": "2020-10-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "QTS opened Phase 1 of its Hillsboro campus, a 158,000 sq ft, 24 MW data center, with 100% of the first phase pre-leased to a global SaaS provider at approximately 4.5 MW.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/qts-opens-new-mega-data-center-in-hillsboro-oregon-301143921.html" }, { "date": "2021-06-07", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Blackstone announced an all-cash acquisition of QTS Realty Trust at $78 per share (approximately $10 billion including debt), the largest data center M&A deal at the time; the deal was expected to close later in 2021.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/featured/article/11428144/blackstone-to-acquire-qts-in-blockbuster-data-center-m038a-deal" }, { "date": "2021-09-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "In September 2021, Portland General Electric and QTS jointly filed with the Oregon Public Utility Commission seeking approval to expand PGE's renewable energy program by 250 MW of new renewable resources to support Facebook's anticipated usage at the fully expanded QTS Hillsboro campus.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/featured/article/11427936/facebook-eyes-major-data-center-expansion-in-hillsboro-oregon" }, { "date": "2022-01-26", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Data Center Frontier reported that Meta secured a 35 MW lease at QTS's Hillsboro campus as part of its 2021 leasing activity, with QTS seeking up to 250 MW of power from PGE to support Facebook's anticipated expansion.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/featured/article/11427641/mega-deals-by-meta-tiktok-boost-data-center-leasing-in-2021" }, { "date": "2022-05-01", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "In May 2022, CBRE reported 199 MW of pre-leasing in the Hillsboro data center market entering 2022, with the bulk going to one large social media company (Meta) at a single facility (QTS), and QTS planning to deploy 200 MW of IT capacity at the campus.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11427375/hillsboro-data-center-market-boosted-by-significant-pre-leasing" }, { "date": "2024-12-02", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Avangrid, PGE, QTS, and Meta announced a PPA for Tower Solar, a 120 MWac (166 MWdc) solar project in Morrow County, Oregon, to supply clean energy through PGE's Green Future Impact program supporting QTS and Meta's data center operations.", "source": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241202381796/en/Avangrid-and-Portland-General-Electric-Collaborate-with-QTS-and-Meta-to-Build-120-MWac-Solar-Project-in-Oregon" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KLCC reported that Oregon data centers use 11% of the state's electricity, potentially doubling to 25% within 3-4 years, with Hillsboro identified as a key hub where industrial land has become scarce due to rapid data center development.", "source": "https://www.klcc.org/podcast/oregon-on-the-record/2026-04-02/oregons-data-center-explosion-who-benefits-and-who-bears-the-cost" }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Hillsboro Herald published an open letter citing $11 billion in data center tax breaks extended through 2051 and linking the city's $1.6 billion water infrastructure debt to System Development Charges tied to data center growth; over 3,400 signatures had been gathered on a moratorium petition.", "source": "https://hillsboroherald.com/an-open-letter-to-hillsboro-stating-the-truth-about-our-data-center-future/" }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Approximately 100 Hillsboro residents rallied at Shute Farm to oppose data center tax giveaways; speakers cited $67 million in annual exempted property taxes from four nearby data centers, with QTS facilities holding a $2.428 billion exemption, and a moratorium petition nearing 4,000 signatures.", "source": "https://hillsboroherald.com/hillsboro-data-center-protest-shows-growing-unrest-over-millions-of-tax-giveaways/" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "kind": "public-comment", "summary": "About 40 Hillsboro residents spoke at a June 2 City Council meeting demanding a halt to data center development, citing concerns over farmland consumption (470 acres), water and energy costs, noise, and limited job creation; Council President Rob Harris proposed considering a one-year moratorium.", "source": "https://forestgrovenewstimes.com/2026/06/04/hillsboro-residents-demand-halt-to-data-center-development/" }, { "date": "2026-06-25", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "1000 Friends of Oregon and the Oregon Education Association filed suit challenging multiple enterprise zone tax exemption agreements for data center projects (including QTS) approved in spring 2026 before Oregon's statewide moratorium took effect on June 6.", "source": "https://katu.com/news/local/lawsuit-filed-against-hillsboro-washington-county-over-data-center-tax-breaks-billionaire-environment-company-fortune-500-oregon-portland-salem-politics-business-jobs-water-privacy" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "The Hillsboro City Council unanimously voted to impose a 120-day moratorium on new data center and battery energy storage system applications, including expansions, effective until at least November 24, 2026.", "source": "https://forestgrovenewstimes.com/2026/07/27/hillsboro-puts-4-month-pause-on-building-expanding-data-centers-in-the-city/" } ] }, { "id": "google-red-oak", "name": "Google Red Oak", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Red Oak", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.52, "lon": -96.8, "size_mw": 77, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v6e,TPU v7. Epoch AI estimates ~77 MW.", "source": "https://www.mysanantonio.com/business/article/google-texas-data-center-21236627.php", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-08-31", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a new data center campus in Red Oak, Texas, its second site in Ellis County after Midlothian, with at least $600 million planned investment over multiple years and $330 million committed for 2023; the project was expected to create nearly 1,200 construction jobs and 30 permanent positions.", "source": "https://www.focusdailynews.com/google-is-building-new-data-center-in-red-oak-investing-330-million-this-year-in-texas/" }, { "date": "2023-08-31", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Google awarded a $150,000 grant to Red Oak ISD to fund STEM expansion including Project Lead the Way engineering, robotics, and science initiatives at secondary schools, announced alongside the data center campus.", "source": "https://www.focusdailynews.com/roisd-receives-150k-from-google-grant-funding-will-help-stem-expansion/" }, { "date": "2023-09-06", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Dallas Innovates reported Google's $600 million Red Oak data center would complement its existing Midlothian facility and the Dallas cloud region, with VP of Government Affairs Cris Turner stating the infrastructure supports AI innovations and Google Cloud business.", "source": "https://dallasinnovates.com/google-expanding-its-north-texas-presence-with-600m-investment-in-new-red-oak-data-center/" }, { "date": "2023-10-05", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Google awarded $100,000 grants each to the Red Oak and Midlothian public libraries; Red Oak's grant funded a makerspace with 3D printers and robotics technology for community STEM exploration.", "source": "https://www.focusdailynews.com/midlothian-and-red-oak-public-libraries-each-awarded-100000-grants-from-google/" }, { "date": "2024-08-15", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced over $1 billion in Texas investment for 2024, targeting the Midlothian and Red Oak data center campuses, bringing its total Texas investment past $2.7 billion; the company also announced 375 MW of carbon-free solar power purchase agreements for ERCOT.", "source": "https://www.focusdailynews.com/google-announces-more-than-1-billion-investment-in-texas-this-year/" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "kind": "operational", "summary": "As part of a $40 billion Texas investment announcement through 2027, Google disclosed that the first building of its Red Oak campus in Ellis County is now operational; the broader plan includes new campuses in Armstrong, Haskell, and Wilbarger counties plus over 6,200 MW of new energy generation.", "source": "https://dallasinnovates.com/google-bets-40-billion-on-texas-buildout-of-u-s-ai-infrastructure/" } ] }, { "id": "meta-gallatin", "name": "Meta Gallatin", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Gallatin", "state": "TN", "lat": 36.39, "lon": -86.44, "size_mw": 87, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~87 MW.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Meta_s-Gallatin-Data-Center.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2020-05-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Woolhawk LLC (later revealed as Facebook) acquired 809 acres in Gallatin for approximately $15-20 million for a planned data center campus; the project was referred to as 'Project Woolhawk' by local officials.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/facebook-gallatin-tn" }, { "date": "2020-05-11", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Gallatin's Industrial Development Board advanced a PILOT (payment in lieu of taxes) agreement for Woolhawk LLC with 20-year tax abatement terms starting at $1 million per year for the first building and decreasing to $550,000 for the sixth building.", "source": "https://www.pascalforgallatin.com/post/why-is-gallatin-giving-woolhawk-a-tax-break-when-they-are-considering-raising-our-property-taxes" }, { "date": "2020-08-11", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Facebook announced an $800 million, 982,000-square-foot data center in Gallatin, Tennessee, culminating a three-year recruitment effort by the Gallatin EDA and TVA; the facility would support approximately 100 permanent jobs.", "source": "https://www.nashvillechamber.com/blog/facebook-to-build-800-million-data-center-in-gallatin-tennessee/" }, { "date": "2020-08-12", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Facebook confirmed the Gallatin data center as its 13th in the U.S., revealing the 809-acre site was purchased under Woolhawk LLC for $20 million and that the city approved $19.5 million in tax breaks; the first building was expected in approximately two years with a second 18 months later.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/hyperscalers/facebook-announces-tennessee-data-center" }, { "date": "2020-08-12", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Facebook broke ground on the Gallatin data center campus, with DPR Construction as general contractor; the facility was designed to use 80% less water than an average data center, achieve LEED Gold certification, and run on 100% renewable energy.", "source": "https://www.commercialsearch.com/news/facebook-breaks-ground-on-800m-tennessee-data-center/" }, { "date": "2020-08-12", "kind": "utility", "summary": "Facebook announced it had signed contracts for 220 MW of new solar energy generation in Tennessee through a partnership with TVA to support the Gallatin data center.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2020/08/hello-gallatin/" }, { "date": "2020-08-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Data Center Frontier reported the Gallatin project as Facebook's third data center announcement since the COVID-19 pandemic began, following DeKalb, Illinois and Prineville, Oregon expansions.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/11428809/facebook-keeps-building-with-800-million-data-center-in-tennessee" }, { "date": "2022-09-23", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta announced a nearly $1 billion expansion of the Gallatin campus with two new structures totaling approximately 2 million square feet, including a cold storage facility, with peak construction workforce reaching 1,700 workers.", "source": "https://w.media/meta-expands-gallatin-data-center-with-nearly-1b-total-investment/" }, { "date": "2023-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Meta's first data center building on the Gallatin campus became fully operational in 2023, designated GTN 1, a two-story H-shaped building on 800 acres at 1 Meta Loop.", "source": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/facebook-gallatin-tn" }, { "date": "2024-04-15", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Meta filed plans for a fourth data center on its Gallatin campus, a 278,000-square-foot building shaped like a stretched plus sign representing a 17% increase to its existing footprint, with a public work session set for April 29 and a vote scheduled for May 20, 2024.", "source": "https://www.gallatingetsit.com/newsroom/meta-formerly-known-as-facebook-tees-up-another-data-center-in-gallatin" }, { "date": "2024-05-20", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Gallatin approved Meta's fourth data center building on the campus, a 276,000-square-foot structure that would bring total campus space to approximately 1.9 million square feet with total investment well beyond $1 billion.", "source": "https://www.gallatingetsit.com/newsroom/meta-approved-for-another-data-center-on-gallatin-campus" }, { "date": "2024-11-15", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Meta officially launched its Gallatin data center campus as operational, with total investment exceeding $1.5 billion across four buildings totaling more than 1.7 million square feet and over 100 permanent employees; the Nashville Business Journal called it one of the top five largest business investments in Tennessee history.", "source": "https://www.gallatingetsit.com/newsroom/metas-data-centers-in-gallatin-are-up-and-running" }, { "date": "2024-11-15", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Tennessee Municipal League reported Meta's Gallatin data center began operations, noting the company's partnership with TVA supports eight Meta projects adding 530 MW of renewable energy to Tennessee and that Meta had donated over $1 million to local nonprofits and school systems.", "source": "https://ttc.tml1.org/2024/11/15/meta-data-center-begins-operations-gallatin" } ] }, { "id": "meta-los-lunas", "name": "Meta Los Lunas", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Los Lunas", "state": "NM", "lat": 34.8, "lon": -106.73, "size_mw": 87, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~87 MW.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Meta_s-Los-Lunas-Data-Center.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2016-09-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Facebook announced plans to build a new data center in Los Lunas, New Mexico, its seventh overall and fifth in the U.S., to be powered by 100% renewable energy.", "source": "https://engineering.fb.com/2016/09/14/data-center-engineering/facebook-in-los-lunas-our-newest-data-center/" }, { "date": "2016-09-14", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "New Mexico's congressional delegation welcomed the Facebook data center announcement; senators and representatives had previously written to the PRC advocating for Los Lunas as the site.", "source": "https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/press-releases/nm-delegation-welcomes-news-that-facebook-will-build-new-data-center-in-los-lunas" }, { "date": "2016-09-15", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Los Lunas Village Council had approved an up-to-$30 billion industrial revenue bond proposal in late June 2016 under the codename 'Greater Kudu' without initially knowing Facebook's involvement; the project also used codenames 'Project Antelope' and 'Project Discus' during a competitive process with Utah.", "source": "https://www.inverse.com/article/21003-facebook-new-data-center-los-lunas-new-mexico-secret" }, { "date": "2016-10-11", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Facebook held a groundbreaking ceremony at the Huning Business Park in Los Lunas, attended by Governor Susana Martinez and Mayor Charles Griego, beginning the $250 million Phase 1 construction.", "source": "https://www.inverse.com/article/21003-facebook-new-data-center-los-lunas-new-mexico-secret" }, { "date": "2019-02-07", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Facebook opened its Los Lunas data center campus, initially supporting over 150 jobs, with the facility pursuing LEED v4 Gold certification and backed by over 396 MW of new wind and solar resources on the New Mexico grid.", "source": "https://engineering.fb.com/2019/02/07/data-center-engineering/los-lunas-data-center/" }, { "date": "2021-10-27", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Facebook announced a two-building, $800 million expansion of the Los Lunas campus, bringing total investment to nearly $2 billion and projected employment to over 400 operational jobs, with a new goal to restore 200% of water consumed to New Mexico watersheds.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2021/10/hello-again-los-lunas/" }, { "date": "2021-10-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Facebook announced the two new buildings would form an H-shape on the southern end of the 750-acre campus, with each data hall housing 3,200 servers; ground preparation by Fortis was underway with foundation construction to begin January 2022 and first building turnover targeted for October 2024.", "source": "https://www.news-bulletin.com/news/business/facebook-announces-800-million-los-lunas-data-center-expansion/article_9fcb9566-96a5-5e90-8b1d-cf7a266f2e97.html" }, { "date": "2021-10-27", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The $800 million expansion was reported to bring total investment to $2.2 billion, expand the campus to nearly 3.8 million square feet across eight buildings, and employ over 1,000 construction workers with more than 70% New Mexico subcontractors.", "source": "https://www.kob.com/archive/facebook-announces-800m-expansion-plan-for-los-lunas-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "The Los Lunas Village Council unanimously approved a resolution declaring intent to issue up to six series of IRBs not exceeding $7.5 billion each for Greater Kudu LLC (Meta subsidiary) to build two new AI-dedicated buildings for $800 million, with construction expected to begin spring 2025 and take 2-3 years.", "source": "https://www.news-bulletin.com/news/los-lunas-meta-data-center-introduces-expansion-dedicated-to-artificial-intelligence/article_809a47fe-d366-11ef-b76e-470988820678.html" }, { "date": "2025-02-13", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "The Los Lunas Village Council unanimously approved an IRB ordinance for Greater Kudu LLC and unanimously approved an amended water agreement capping daily use at 3 million gallons (reduced from 4.5 million), removing the data center's previous priority status during shortages, and keeping the annual allocation at 500 acre-feet.", "source": "https://www.news-bulletin.com/news/tax-break-water-deal-for-meta-data-center/307166" }, { "date": "2025-03-01", "kind": "report", "summary": "The Los Lunas Village Council approved a project partnership with tax incentives requiring Meta to invest $350 million in the expansion within 10 years of the agreement.", "source": "https://www.kob.com/news/top-news/report-meta-closer-to-expanding-data-center-in-los-lunas/" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Meta acquired a 474-acre parcel adjacent to its existing Los Lunas data center campus at $128,500 per acre, brokered by CBRE, within the Huning Business and Tech Park for next-generation data center facilities.", "source": "https://carnm.realtor/meta-acquires-474-acre-parcel-adjacent-to-los-lunas-data-center/" } ] }, { "id": "coreweave-ellendale-nd", "name": "CoreWeave Ellendale ND", "operator": "CoreWeave", "owner": "CoreWeave", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Ellendale", "state": "ND", "lat": 46.0, "lon": -98.53, "size_mw": 68, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B200. Epoch AI estimates ~68 MW.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/123/applied-digital-announces-250mw-ai-data-center-lease-with", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2022-09-08", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Applied Blockchain (now Applied Digital) broke ground on a 180 MW data center facility in Ellendale, North Dakota (Dickey County), its second North Dakota site, with a five-year Energy Service Agreement signed with a local utility on September 1, 2022.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/39/applied-blockchain-announces-groundbreaking-of-new-180mw" }, { "date": "2023-03-07", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Applied Digital announced the energization of its 180 MW Ellendale facility, completed six months after groundbreaking; Marathon Digital Holdings contracted for capacity with an option for an additional 70 MW, and the project was financed through a $20 million loan from Starion Bank.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/50/applied-digital-announces-energizing-of-facility-in" }, { "date": "2023-06-16", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Applied Digital held a ribbon-cutting ceremony celebrating the energization of its 180 MW Ellendale facility, attended by local congressional and state representatives; the company received final regulatory approval from the North Dakota Public Service Commission for its Electric Service Agreement.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/61/applied-digital-hosts-landmark-ribbon-cutting-celebrating" }, { "date": "2023-10-31", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Applied Digital broke ground on a separate 100 MW, 342,000-square-foot HPC facility at the Ellendale campus designed for AI workloads including generative AI and machine learning, with capacity for nearly 50,000 Nvidia H100 SXM-class GPUs in a liquid-cooled configuration.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/75/applied-digital-announces-groundbreaking-of" }, { "date": "2024-01-16", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Applied Digital signed a conditional anchor tenant agreement at the Ellendale HPC facility for 100 MW over 10 years valued at approximately $2.2 billion, pending finalization of definitive lease documents and construction financing.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/82/applied-digital-signs-anchor-tenant-at-ellendale-hpc" }, { "date": "2024-03-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Applied Digital extended the 45-day negotiation period for the conditional anchor tenant agreement at the Ellendale HPC facility until March 30, 2024, with the 100 MW, 10-year deal still under negotiation.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/87/applied-digital-provides-update-on-anchor-tenant-at" }, { "date": "2024-04-01", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Applied Digital issued a $50 million unsecured convertible debenture to a single private investor with a 54-week term and no interest payments, with proceeds directed toward construction of the Ellendale HPC data center.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/92/applied-digital-issues-50-million-unsecured-convertible" }, { "date": "2024-05-24", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Applied Digital issued a $42.1 million unsecured convertible debenture to advance construction of the Ellendale HPC data center, with a 54-week term, no interest, and a 5% original issue discount.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/98/applied-digital-issues-unsecured-convertible-debenture-to" }, { "date": "2024-06-07", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Applied Digital secured a $125 million debt facility (expandable to $200 million) from CIM Group at 12% annual interest for a 3-year term, exclusively for buildout of the Ellendale HPC campus.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/applied-digital-secures-private-debt-facility-of-up-to-200" }, { "date": "2024-12-17", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Applied Digital announced the successful energization of the on-site main substation transformer at the Ellendale HPC campus, enabling equipment commissioning; the company also submitted a petition for property annexation to the City of Ellendale and received the Community Impact award at the 18th Annual Data Center Dynamics Awards.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/114/applied-digital-announces-ellendale-hpc-data-center" }, { "date": "2025-02-12", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Applied Digital closed a $375 million interim financing with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) to repay a Macquarie Capital note and fund development of the first and second buildings at the Ellendale HPC campus.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/119/applied-digital-closes-375-million-financing-with-smbc-to" }, { "date": "2025-04-30", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Applied Digital entered into a $150 million convertible preferred equity facility with institutional investors to advance development of the Ellendale multi-building HPC campus, with draws at company discretion in $25 million increments over a 36-month term.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/122/applied-digital-enters-into-a-150-million-convertible" }, { "date": "2025-06-02", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Applied Digital announced a 250 MW AI data center lease with CoreWeave at the Ellendale campus for approximately 15 years, with an optional 150 MW expansion to 400 MW total; the first 100 MW building expected operational in Q4 2025 and the second 150 MW building by mid-2026, with anticipated total revenue of approximately $7 billion.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/123/applied-digital-announces-250mw-ai-data-center-lease-with" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Applied Digital finalized an additional 150 MW lease with CoreWeave at the Polaris Forge 1 campus in Ellendale, bringing total contracted capacity to 400 MW across three lease agreements with approximately 15-year terms and total anticipated revenue of approximately $11 billion.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/128/applied-digital-finalizes-additional-150mw-lease-with" }, { "date": "2025-10-27", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Applied Digital achieved Ready for Service for Phase 1 (50 MW) of the first 100 MW building at Polaris Forge 1 in Ellendale for CoreWeave, featuring proprietary liquid cooling with near-zero water consumption.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/133/applied-digital-achieves-ready-for-service-for-phase-1-at" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Applied Digital priced $1.59 billion in 7.000% senior secured notes due 2031 to fund construction of the fourth 150 MW building (ELN-04) at Polaris Forge 1 in Ellendale and repay a Goldman Sachs bridge loan.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/156/applied-digital-announces-pricing-of-1-59-billion-of" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Applied Digital delivered Building 2 Phase 1 at Polaris Forge 1 in Ellendale, adding 75 MW and bringing total live campus capacity to 175 MW (100 MW from Building 1 plus 75 MW from Building 2), on schedule toward the 400 MW contracted total.", "source": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/157/applied-digital-delivers-second-building-at-polaris-forge-1" } ] }, { "id": "meta-sarpy", "name": "Meta Sarpy", "operator": "Meta", "owner": "Meta", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Springfield (Sarpy County)", "state": "NE", "lat": 41.09, "lon": -96.13, "size_mw": 80, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~80 MW.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/sarpy-data-center-info-sheet/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2017-01-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta's info sheet states the company broke ground on the Sarpy Data Center in 2017, with a total investment of over $2.5 billion in Nebraska.", "source": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/sarpy-data-center-info-sheet/" }, { "date": "2021-03-24", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Facebook announced an expansion of its Sarpy County data center campus to approximately 3.6 million square feet across 8 buildings on roughly 500 acres, with total investment at that time of approximately $1.5 billion and a 2024 completion target.", "source": "https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/facebook-expanding-huge-sarpy-county-data-center-campus-again/" }, { "date": "2022-07-28", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Meta announced it was adding a ninth facility to the Sarpy Data Center campus in Springfield; county records showed Meta pays $3.8 million in property taxes between two parcels of land.", "source": "https://fox42kptm.com/news/local/meta-growing-data-center-in-springfield" }, { "date": "2022-09-21", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction was halted at the Meta data center in Sarpy County after racist graffiti was found on site for a recurring time, with contractor Turner Construction stopping work at the $1.5 billion project.", "source": "https://fox42kptm.com/news/local/meta-growing-data-center-in-springfield" } ] }, { "id": "coreweave-chester-va", "name": "CoreWeave Chester VA", "operator": "CoreWeave", "owner": "CoreWeave", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Chester (Chesterfield County)", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.35, "lon": -77.39, "size_mw": 82, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: H100,B200. Epoch AI estimates ~82 MW.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chirisa-secures-200-million-loan-to-fit-out-virginia-data-center-for-coreweave/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-06-05", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Chirisa Technology Parks offers the former Capital One data center in Virginia to hyperscaler tenants, per Data Center Dynamics.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chirisa-offers-former-capital-one-data-center-in-virginia-to-hyperscalers/" }, { "date": "2023-09-19", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Chirisa secures a $200 million loan to fit out the Virginia data center for CoreWeave, per Data Center Dynamics.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chirisa-secures-200-million-loan-to-fit-out-virginia-data-center-for-coreweave/" }, { "date": "2024-01-23", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Chirisa announces 150 MW of expansion across U.S. sites including a 300 MW substation and up to 1 million sq ft at the former Capital One campus in Meadowville Technology Park, Chesterfield County; Chesterfield Board Chairman Jim Holland praises the campus transformation.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/chirisa-technology-parks-announces-at-ptc-major-150mw-expansion-initiatives-across-the-usa-focused-on-hyperscale-and-ai-workloads-302042230.html" }, { "date": "2024-04-10", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Chirisa plans a 20 MW data center in Chesterfield County, Virginia, per Data Center Dynamics.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chirisa-plans-20mw-data-center-in-chesterfield-county-virginia/" }, { "date": "2024-07-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Chirisa announces senior hires to lead hyperscale build-to-suit delivery, citing its CTP-01 data center in Chesterfield, VA and a pipeline exceeding 600 MW under development.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/chirisa-technology-parks-announces-new-hires-to-lead-design-development-and-delivery-of-build-to-suit-hyperscale-datacenter-capacity-302191162.html" }, { "date": "2024-08-29", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Blue Owl Capital, Chirisa, and PowerHouse Data Centers announce the first phase of a $5 billion joint venture with CoreWeave as anchor customer for an initial 120 MW on Chirisa's 350-acre campus near Richmond, Virginia, for 2025-2026 delivery.", "source": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/blue-owl-chirisa-technology-parks-and-powerhouse-data-centers-announce-first-phase-of-5-billion-joint-venture-development-partnership-302233967.html" }, { "date": "2024-09-27", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Chirisa and PowerHouse plan a 1 GW data center campus outside Richmond, Virginia, per Data Center Dynamics.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chirisa-and-powerhouse-plan-1gw-campus-outside-richmond-virginia/" }, { "date": "2024-12-16", "kind": "financing", "summary": "A Societe Generale-led syndicate closes a $600 million construction loan for a 50 MW build-to-suit data center preleased to CoreWeave at the 300-plus-acre Chirisa Technology Park near Richmond; the project broke ground in 2024.", "source": "https://www.commercialsearch.com/news/blue-owl-chirisa-powerhouse-get-600m-for-nova-data-center" }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "kind": "operational", "summary": "A fire is contained inside the Chirisa data center in Chesterfield County; WRIC ABC 8News reports questions remain about the incident.", "source": "https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/a-unique-situation-fire-contained-inside-chesterfield-data-center-questions-remain/" }, { "date": "2025-09-08", "kind": "operational", "summary": "A second fire in three weeks occurs at the Chirisa data center in Chesterfield County, Virginia, per Data Center Dynamics.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chirisa-data-center-in-virginia-suffers-second-fire-in-three-weeks/" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "kind": "operational", "summary": "After four fires in 12 months at its Chesterfield data center, Chirisa blames defective batteries as the root cause, per The Progress Index.", "source": "https://www.progress-index.com/story/news/local/2025/09/12/chesterfield-data-center-four-fires-defective-batteries-chirisa/" }, { "date": "2026-01-06", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Chirisa and American Real Estate Partners plan two new 100 MW data center buildings (380,000 sq ft total) at 1600 Digital Drive on the former Cartograf site in Chesterfield County, acquired for $16.5 million; CoreWeave will operate inside the data halls, with the first building targeted for late 2027.", "source": "https://w.media/chirisa-plans-two-new-data-centers-in-virginia/" } ] }, { "id": "aws-berwick", "name": "AWS Berwick", "operator": "Amazon", "owner": "Amazon", "tenant": "Anthropic", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Berwick", "state": "PA", "lat": 41.06, "lon": -76.24, "size_mw": 108, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Project Rainier. Chip types: Trainium2. Epoch AI estimates ~108 MW.", "source": "https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/24/technology/amazon-ai-data-centers.html", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-03-04", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "AWS acquired Talen Energy's Cumulus Data campus adjacent to the Susquehanna nuclear power station in Salem Township, Luzerne County, PA for $650 million ($350M at closing, $300M at milestones), gaining access to a 960 MW data center campus directly connected to the 2,520 MW nuclear plant.", "source": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/talen-sells-carbon-free-data-centre-to-amazon-clou" }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "AWS was granted a 1,600-acre rezoning request and announced plans for a 15-building data center campus at the Pennsylvania nuclear site in Salem Township.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-granted-1600-acre-rezoning-request-plans-15-building-campus-at-pennsylvania-nuclear-site/" }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "FERC voted 2-1 to reject PJM's proposed interconnection agreement that would have expanded Amazon's co-located data center load at Susquehanna from 300 MW to 480 MW, citing concerns about cost fairness and grid reliability precedent.", "source": "https://www.powermag.com/ferc-blocks-pjm-proposal-to-expand-amazon-data-center-load-at-susquehanna-nuclear-plant/" }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "FERC upheld its rejection of the proposed interconnection agreement between AWS's data center and the Susquehanna nuclear plant, denying Talen Energy's rehearing request.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ferc-upholds-rejection-of-proposed-interconnection-agreement-between-aws-data-center-and-pennsylvania-nuclear-plant/" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Shapiro announced at a Berwick event that Amazon plans to invest at least $20 billion in Pennsylvania data centers, the largest private-sector investment in state history, with Salem Township (Luzerne County) and Falls Township (Bucks County) as the first two identified sites, creating at least 1,250 jobs.", "source": "https://dced.pa.gov/newsroom/governor-josh-shapiro-announces-amazon-plans-to-invest-20-billion-in-pennsylvania/" }, { "date": "2025-06-11", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Talen Energy and AWS announced a restructured 17-year, $18 billion power purchase agreement for up to 1,920 MW from Susquehanna nuclear station, converting the behind-the-meter arrangement to a grid-connected front-of-the-meter model to comply with FERC's ruling, with full volume delivery by 2032.", "source": "https://www.powermag.com/talen-amazon-launch-18b-nuclear-ppa/" }, { "date": "2025-10-10", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Amazon reported that data center campus construction in Salem Township was proceeding at a rapid pace.", "source": "https://www.citizensvoice.com/news/amazon-data-center-campus-construction-in-salem-twp-on-rapid-pace/" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Nonprofit Quarterly published an investigative feature titled 'A Canary in a Coal Mine: Amazon's Luzerne County Data Center,' examining community and environmental concerns including energy demand, water quality, tax exemptions, and employment claims.", "source": "https://nonprofitquarterly.org/a-canary-in-a-coal-mine-amazons-luzerne-county-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "kind": "utility", "summary": "The Susquehanna River Basin Commission approved an increase in consumptive water use for the Amazon data center in Salem Township from 60,000 to 129,000 gallons per day (reduced from the initial request of 277,000 gpd), sourced from PA American Water (Berwick).", "source": "http://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2026/03/susquehanna-river-basin-commission.html" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Blackstone-owned QTS spent $580 million to acquire land in Salem Township for a separate data center campus adjacent to the Amazon site, with plans for 12 to 17 data centers.", "source": "https://www.citizensvoice.com/news/national-developer-spends-580-million-on-land-for-salem-twp-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "96 Salem Township landowners completed a historic 1,700-acre land sale to QTS for more than $500 million for a major data center campus adjacent to the Amazon site, with Salem Township receiving a $9 million community benefit agreement.", "source": "https://www.timesleader.com/news/1721887/96-salem-twp-landowners-complete-historic-1700-acre-sale-for-major-data-center-campus" }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "WNEP reported that the community of Salem Township is now encircled by new data center developments, with multiple campuses under construction or planned in the area.", "source": "https://www.wnep.com/article/news/local/columbia-county/community-encircled-new-data-center-developments-salem-township/" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Amazon donated $250,000 to the Bloomsburg Area YMCA for a new STEM lab as data center construction near Berwick continued.", "source": "https://www.wnep.com/article/news/local/columbia-county/amazon-donates-250k-bloomsburg-area-ymca-new-stem-lab-data-center-construction-near-berwick/" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Citizens' Voice reported that a third data center in Salem Township could generate $1.2 billion for landowners, reflecting the scale of data center land acquisition in the area.", "source": "https://www.citizensvoice.com/news/3rd-data-center-in-salem-twp-could-generate-1-2-billion-for-landowners/" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Center Square reported on the role of big money and enforced silence (NDAs) in Pennsylvania's data center push, covering the Salem Township/Amazon development.", "source": "https://www.thecentersquare.com/pennsylvania/article_big-money-enforced-silence-data-center-pennsylvania.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "Salem Township paused new data center projects pending a zoning amendment, responding to community concerns about the pace of development.", "source": "https://www.citizensvoice.com/news/salem-twp-pauses-new-data-center-projects-pending-zoning-amendment/" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "State representatives were denied access to the Amazon data center in Salem Township, as reported by the Citizens' Voice.", "source": "https://www.citizensvoice.com/news/state-reps-denied-access-to-salem-twp-amazon-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-08-14", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "PA DEP published notice inviting public comments (deadline September 14, 2026) on an air quality permit for 84 backup diesel generators, 2 auxiliary emergency generators, and fuel storage tanks for an expansion of the existing Amazon data center in Salem Township.", "source": "http://paenvironmentdaily.blogspot.com/2026/08/dep-invites-comments-on-air-quality.html" } ] }, { "id": "google-papillion", "name": "Google Papillion", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Papillion", "state": "NE", "lat": 41.15, "lon": -96.04, "size_mw": 237, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v4,TPU v5e,TPU v6e,TPU v5p. Epoch AI estimates ~237 MW.", "source": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nONzuLnpMPST0bOINDKXmSZ0ANlynYY0/view?usp=sharing", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2019-01-02", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Data Center Dynamics reports that a project code-named 'Project Wizard' in Sarpy County has evidence pointing to Google as the developer of a major new data center.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/project-wizard-sarpy-county-may-get-another-major-data-center-evidence-points-to-google/" }, { "date": "2019-10-04", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google holds a groundbreaking ceremony for a $600 million data center on a 275-acre site off Highway 50 and Schram Road in Papillion, with Governor Pete Ricketts, Congressman Don Bacon, and Mayor David Black in attendance; the facility is described as Google's 13th nationwide.", "source": "https://www.3newsnow.com/news/local-news/new-google-data-center-coming-to-papillion" }, { "date": "2019-10-04", "kind": "construction", "summary": "KMTV reports that OPPD had been collaborating with Google on power infrastructure for approximately six years prior to the groundbreaking, and Google expects the Papillion facility to be operational within 18-24 months.", "source": "https://www.3newsnow.com/news/local-news/google-to-open-new-data-center-in-sarpy-county" }, { "date": "2022-04-21", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announces at least $750 million in new Nebraska investment including expansion of its Papillion campus at 14706 Schram Road (then employing 120 people) and a new data center in northwest Omaha, bringing total state investment past $1 billion.", "source": "https://www.3newsnow.com/news/local-news/google-announces-nebraska-growth-plan-that-includes-new-northwest-omaha-data-center" }, { "date": "2023-08-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announces $1.2 billion in new Nebraska investment to expand the Papillion and Omaha facilities and build a third data center in Lincoln; the Papillion facility is described as having created over 120 jobs since opening in 2019.", "source": "https://www.wowt.com/2023/08/22/google-investing-another-12-billion-papillion-lincoln-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "In November 2025, Silicon Prairie News reports that OPPD now anticipates annual electricity demand growth of over 100 MW (up from 4 MW previously), driven by data center expansion including Google's Sarpy County facility described as its first in Nebraska.", "source": "https://siliconprairienews.com/nebraska-can-take-lessons-from-virginias-data-center-boom-to-prep-its-power-grids/" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Google announces $17 million in water stewardship grants across seven states; the Metropolitan Utilities District in Omaha receives $3 million for acoustic leak-detection sensors across 500 miles of water lines, tied to Google's three Nebraska data centers.", "source": "https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/google-gives-3-million-to-mud-to-reduce-water-use-in-omaha/" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "In July 2026, Flatwater Free Press reports that Google's Nebraska data centers consumed approximately 732 million gallons of water in 2025, up from 46.6 million gallons in 2022 and 134.7 million gallons in 2023; the Papillion facility is identified as one of three sites.", "source": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/data-centers-can-guzzle-serious-water-as-some-nebraskans-worry-tech-giants-seek-solutions/" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "kind": "report", "summary": "Grist reports that Nebraska passed a law requiring data centers to disclose annual water consumption and power demand to the Department of Water, Energy, and Environment; Google's three Nebraska facilities including Papillion consumed approximately 732 million gallons in 2025.", "source": "https://grist.org/technology/nebraska-wants-data-centers-to-come-clean-about-water-usage/" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Governor Pillen signs an executive order curbing tax incentives for large data centers; KOLN reports that Nebraska data centers have received $519 million in property tax exemptions since 2021.", "source": "https://www.klkntv.com/data-centers-executive-order-signed-by-gov-pillen-today/" } ] }, { "id": "coreweave-marble-nc", "name": "CoreWeave Marble NC", "operator": "CoreWeave", "owner": "CoreWeave", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Marble (Cherokee County)", "state": "NC", "lat": 35.15, "lon": -83.95, "size_mw": 65, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B200. Epoch AI estimates ~65 MW.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001628280-26-031246/q1fy26earningsdeck.htm", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-07-07", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Core Scientific announced a definitive agreement for CoreWeave to acquire it in an all-stock deal implying roughly $9.0 billion equity value (0.1235 CoreWeave shares per Core Scientific share), giving CoreWeave about 1.3 GW of gross power across Core Scientific's national data center footprint.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/119/coreweave-to-acquire-core-scientific" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "Core Scientific announced termination of its merger agreement with CoreWeave after stockholders did not provide the votes necessary to approve the deal, saying it would remain a publicly traded company on Nasdaq under ticker CORZ.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/124/core-scientific-announces-termination-of-merger-agreement-with-coreweave" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "At a Cherokee County commissioners meeting in January 2026, commissioner Ben Adams urged colleagues to renew an expired cryptocurrency moratorium and add AI data centers to the restricted businesses; the proposal did not pass.", "source": "https://www.wunc.org/2026-04-10/cherokee-county-residents-were-upset-about-crypto-mines-then-came-ai" }, { "date": "2026-04-10", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "WUNC reported on Cherokee County resident opposition to the conversion of the Marble crypto mine into an AI data center, noting the site plan submitted to the county specified more than 170 diesel generators and that the facility draws water from the municipal supply plus three onsite wells.", "source": "https://www.wunc.org/2026-04-10/cherokee-county-residents-were-upset-about-crypto-mines-then-came-ai" }, { "date": "2026-05-14", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Grist reported on the conversion of the former American Thread plant in Marble from crypto mining to an AI data center consuming as much power as a medium-sized town, noting the site plan included more than 170 diesel generators and that the Core Scientific–CoreWeave merger had fallen through the prior October.", "source": "https://grist.org/politics/first-crypto-now-data-centers-how-tech-is-reshaping-this-north-carolina-community/" } ] }, { "id": "microsoft-sat40", "name": "Microsoft SAT40", "operator": "Microsoft", "owner": "Microsoft", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "San Antonio", "state": "TX", "lat": 29.4, "lon": -98.73, "size_mw": 75, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: H100,B300. Epoch AI estimates ~75 MW.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2023013247", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2018-08-24", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Microsoft registered TDLR project EABPRJB8824650 (SAT11-14) for three 225,000 sq ft data center buildings at 15000 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, with an estimated cost of $62 million and completion date of December 2023, designed by Corgan Associates.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/EABPRJB8824650" }, { "date": "2023-03-03", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Microsoft registered TDLR project TABS2023013247 for SAT40, a 153,227 sq ft data center at 15000 Lambda Drive, San Antonio (Bexar County), with an estimated cost of $175.9 million, designed by Page Southerland Page, with construction scheduled from June to September 2023.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2023013247" }, { "date": "2023-06-15", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction began on the SAT40 data center building shell at 15000 Lambda Drive per the TDLR filing, with a scheduled completion date of September 15, 2023.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2023013247" }, { "date": "2023-08-07", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "San Antonio Report reported that Microsoft had built at least seven data centers in San Antonio and one in Medina County over the prior eight years, investing over $1.2 billion; the article identified SAT40 at 15000 Lambda Drive in Texas Research Park as a $175.9 million project on 70 acres with Turner Construction as the builder.", "source": "https://sanantonioreport.org/microsoft-data-centers-san-antonio-region/" }, { "date": "2025-12-28", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "San Antonio Report quoted District 6 Councilmember Ric Galvan raising concerns about data center energy demands, limited job creation, industry opacity, and noise impacts in the far west side area where Microsoft operates, questioning what economic return the city receives from tax incentive deals.", "source": "https://sanantonioreport.org/san-antonio-data-center-growth-district-6-ric-galvan/" } ] }, { "id": "stack-infrastructure-nva02", "name": "STACK Infrastructure NVA02", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Manassas", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.73, "lon": -77.47, "size_mw": 85, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: H100. Epoch AI estimates ~85 MW.", "source": "https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/northern-virginia/nva02/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2020-01-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "STACK Infrastructure and Peterson Companies announced development of a 125-acre hyperscale data center campus in Prince William County (Manassas) at 9604 and 9750 Hornbaker Rd, with over 250 MW total critical load capacity and an initial 25-acre, 72 MW, 700,000 sq ft phase targeted for late 2020.", "source": "https://www.stackinfra.com/about/news-press/press-releases/stack-infrastructure-and-peterson-companies-announce-development-of-125-acre-hyperscale-data-center-campus-in-prince-william-county-va/" }, { "date": "2020-01-23", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Patch reported the campus would be built on land acquired for $15 million ($12M for 87 acres, $3M for 35.6 acres) within the Innovation @ Prince William business park, with four pad sites already cleared and graded.", "source": "https://patch.com/virginia/manassas/massive-data-center-campus-coming-manassas" }, { "date": "2023-01-06", "kind": "construction", "summary": "ConnectCRE reported STACK Infrastructure broke ground on a 40-acre, nearly 100 MW data center campus in Prince William County, its seventh Northern Virginia campus, with the first 36 MW building targeting delivery by Q1 2024; power supplied by Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative (NOVEC) with a 300 MW substation planned.", "source": "https://www.connectcre.com/stories/stack-infrastructure-breaks-ground-on-100mw-data-center-campus-in-nova/" } ] }, { "id": "anthropic-lake-mariner", "name": "Anthropic Lake Mariner", "operator": "AI XPV Platform", "owner": "AI XPV Platform", "tenant": "Anthropic", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Barker (Somerset)", "state": "NY", "lat": 43.33, "lon": -78.55, "size_mw": 42, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v7. Epoch AI estimates ~42 MW.", "source": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/terawulf-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2025-results", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-12-23", "kind": "financing", "summary": "TeraWulf signs binding lease agreements with Core42 for 72.5 MW of HPC hosting capacity at Lake Mariner with option to expand by 135 MW; expected to generate $1 billion over initial 10-year terms, commencing at various dates in 2025.", "source": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/103/terawulf-announces-binding-letter-of-intent-for-core42-as" }, { "date": "2025-08-14", "kind": "financing", "summary": "TeraWulf announces binding terms with Fluidstack for 200+ MW of critical IT load at Lake Mariner, with Google credit enhancement; approximately $3.7 billion in contracted revenue over initial 10-year term, phase one (~40 MW) expected H1 2026.", "source": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/112/terawulf-announces-binding-terms-with-fluidstack" }, { "date": "2025-11-10", "kind": "report", "summary": "TeraWulf Q3 2025 results detail Lake Mariner lease portfolio: La Lupa (Core42) at 72.5 MW with $1.1 billion over ten years, and Akela (Fluidstack/Google) at 450 MW with $6.7 billion over ten years.", "source": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/terawulf-announces-lease-agreement-with-core42-at-lake" }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "kind": "report", "summary": "TeraWulf Q4 2025 results report Lake Mariner contracted at 440 MW critical IT (Core42 60 MW, Fluidstack/Google 380 MW); CB-2 (42 MW) listed with CB2A operational and CB2B expected in March 2026.", "source": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/terawulf-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2025-results" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "kind": "operational", "summary": "TeraWulf Q1 2026 preliminary results confirm CB-2 fully delivered as of March 31, 2026, with all Core42 capacity across WULF Den, CB-1, and CB-2 generating revenue; HPC hosting exceeded 50% of Q1 revenue.", "source": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/134/terawulf-energizes-cb-2b-at-lake-mariner" }, { "date": "2026-07-06", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "TeraWulf announces 20-year lease with Anthropic for 401 MW at the Justified Data campus in Hawesville, Kentucky (not Lake Mariner), expected to generate approximately $19 billion in contracted revenue; initial capacity in second half of 2027, full ramp by early 2028.", "source": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/142/terawulf-announces-anthropic-lease-at-justified-data-campus-and-sale-of-majority-interest-in-abernathy-joint-venture-to-fluidstack" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "operational", "summary": "TeraWulf Q2 2026 results report 102 MW of revenue-generating critical IT capacity online at Lake Mariner as of early July 2026, with CB-3 completed and CB-4 entering commissioning; CB-5 targeted for early 2027.", "source": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/144/terawulf-reports-second-quarter-2026-results" } ] }, { "id": "microsoft-nebius-new-jersey", "name": "Microsoft-Nebius New Jersey", "operator": "Nebius", "owner": "Nebius", "tenant": "Microsoft", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Vineland", "state": "NJ", "lat": 39.49, "lon": -75.03, "size_mw": 50, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~50 MW.", "source": "https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-accelerates-us-expansion-adding-up-to-300-mw-capacity-at-new-data-center-in-new-jersey", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-08-08", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Vineland Planning Board approved Resolution 6652, authorizing NEP Real Estate of Vineland NJ Urban Renewal LLC to build 2,647,628 square feet of data centers in four phases over twelve years on the site off South Lincoln and Sheridan avenues.", "source": "https://pinelandsalliance.org/datacenters/" }, { "date": "2025-03-05", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Nebius announced a phased New Jersey data center expandable up to 300 MW total capacity, with first capacity expected as early as summer 2025 and 100 MW targeted by end of 2025.", "source": "https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-accelerates-us-expansion-adding-up-to-300-mw-capacity-at-new-data-center-in-new-jersey" }, { "date": "2025-07-09", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Vineland Planning Board approved Resolution 6720, amending the site plan to change the applicant to DataOne USA LLC and adding three power generation buildings to the campus.", "source": "https://pinelandsalliance.org/datacenters/" }, { "date": "2025-09-10", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Nebius signed a five-year GPU infrastructure supply deal with Microsoft worth $17.4 billion (up to $19.4 billion with added services), initially providing dedicated GPU capacity at its Vineland, New Jersey data center from later in 2025.", "source": "https://www.rcrwireless.com/20250910/ai-infrastructure/nebius-microsoft-ai" }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Vineland City Council tabled a proposed UEZ revolving-fund loan for the DataOne project after significant public opposition at its December 9 meeting.", "source": "https://www.thevinelandvoice.com/news/council-approves-6-million-loan-for-dataone/article_67ef83ad-28ea-4b98-bff4-b32950946aa8.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Vineland City Council on December 23 approved a roughly $6.2 million ($6,198,786) Urban Enterprise Zone revolving-fund loan to help fund cranes for the DataOne construction project.", "source": "https://www.thevinelandvoice.com/news/council-approves-6-million-loan-for-dataone/article_67ef83ad-28ea-4b98-bff4-b32950946aa8.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Residents packed a heated town hall at the Landis Theater in Vineland on January 21 to voice environmental concerns about the data center.", "source": "https://gleaner.rutgers.edu/2026/02/08/what-does-the-new-data-center-approved-in-vineland-mean-for-south-jersey-and-rutgers-camden/" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that South Jersey's largest data center was under construction in Vineland with completion expected November 2026, and that some residents said they had had no say in the process.", "source": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/new-jersey/ai-data-center-vineland-south-jersey-expansion-20260122.html" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "DataOne released an environmental impact statement for the Vineland data center facility, after phase-one construction was already underway and partially operational.", "source": "https://pinelandsalliance.org/datacenters/" }, { "date": "2026-03-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Vineland City Council approved a resolution reducing public comment speaking time from five minutes to three minutes, after four months of longer-than-usual meetings driven by data center opposition.", "source": "https://www.thevinelandvoice.com/news/council-approves-22-resolutions-including-reduced-public-speaking-time/article_24eefe00-e90b-44e0-aaf1-9fb521c5725f.html" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Cumberland County Department of Health inspected the DataOne site and issued a Notice of Violation for noise exceeding 50 decibels between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m.", "source": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/new-jersey-neighbors-sue-over-humming-noise-from-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-03-21", "kind": "protest", "summary": "About 100 residents rallied at Giampietro Memorial Park in Vineland against the data center; the event was organized by congressional candidate Bayly Winder and advocacy group Sustain SJ.", "source": "https://snjtoday.com/vineland-residents-protest-ai-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Vineland Planning Board postponed a special meeting on DataOne's phase-two expansion (originally scheduled for March 26) to May 28, 2026, to give the company time to share plans with the public.", "source": "https://www.vinelandcity.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/POSTPONEMENT-of-Planning-Board-Special-Meeting-on-3-26-2026-Post-3.23.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-05-16", "kind": "public-comment", "summary": "More than 60 environmental, labor, and community organizations signed a letter to Governor Sherrill calling for a moratorium on new data centers consuming at least 20 MW of electricity, citing Vineland among their concerns.", "source": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/new-jersey-groups-seek-moratorium-on-new-data-centers" }, { "date": "2026-05-26", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Residents Scott Montgomery and Michael Gentile filed a class-action lawsuit (Case 1:26-cv-05972) in U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against DataOne USA LLC, alleging private nuisance, public nuisance, and negligence from continuous noise affecting approximately 1,013 households within one mile.", "source": "https://www.wilmerhale.com/en/insights/client-alerts/20260713-data-centers-in-court-the-emerging-wave-of-nuisance-environmental-and-land-use-litigation" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Mikie Sherrill announced a four-pillar comprehensive plan to regulate data centers in New Jersey, including fair-share energy rules, transparency requirements, community benefit agreement standards, and prevailing wage mandates.", "source": "https://www.nj.gov/governor/news/2026/20260527a.shtml" }, { "date": "2026-06-19", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Montgomery v. DataOne USA class-action lawsuit was voluntarily dismissed without prejudice after the court issued an order to show cause questioning subject-matter jurisdiction on June 12.", "source": "https://www.wilmerhale.com/en/insights/client-alerts/20260713-data-centers-in-court-the-emerging-wave-of-nuisance-environmental-and-land-use-litigation" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The Vineland Planning Board held a hearing at the Landis Theatre on DataOne's amended site plan for a phase-two expansion (adding a 587,980-square-foot building) to the 300 MW Nebius campus; opponent Helen Petrites presented 2,900 signatures and the board issued no decision that night.", "source": "https://www.fox29.com/news/vineland-planning-board-weighs-ai-data-center-expansion-packed-landis-theatre-meeting" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A roughly six-hour Vineland Planning Board hearing on DataOne's proposed on-site fuel-cell power generation concluded around midnight on August 6 with no vote; the board said it would announce a date for a second hearing for further public comment.", "source": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-hearing-power-generation/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "NJBIA research analyst Jack Ramirez submitted written testimony to the Vineland Planning Board in support of the data center development.", "source": "https://njbia.org/njbia-testifies-in-support-of-responsible-data-center-development-in-vineland/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The City of Vineland issued a stop-construction order for an LNG tank being installed at the DataOne site without prior approvals or permits.", "source": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-stop-work-orders/" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The City of Vineland issued a second stop-construction order at the DataOne site, halting Bloom Energy fuel-cell installation work that was proceeding with no prior approvals, plans, or permits; violations carry $2,000 penalties per violation per day.", "source": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-stop-work-orders/" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "DA Davidson analyst Gil Luria cut the Nebius (NBIS) price target from $250 to $175, citing construction delays at the Vineland facility that he said may remove potential upside from 2026 guidance.", "source": "https://www.tipranks.com/news/d-a-davidson-cuts-nebius-stock-nbis-price-target-ahead-of-q2-earnings-says-vineland-delays-challenge-narrative" } ] }, { "id": "stream-phoenix", "name": "Stream Phoenix", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Goodyear", "state": "AZ", "lat": 33.42, "lon": -112.36, "size_mw": 64, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: H100. Epoch AI estimates ~64 MW.", "source": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/locations/phoenix/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2020-07-08", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Stream Data Centers announced its 157-acre Phoenix campus in Goodyear, AZ would open its first building in August 2020, with Cox Business as a key fiber provider and a 350 MW onsite APS substation.", "source": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/news/stream-data-centers-prepares-to-open-in-phoenix-this-summer-with-cox-business-as-a-key-fiber-provider/" }, { "date": "2021-01-14", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Stream Data Centers commissioned Phoenix I, a 418,000 sq ft data center on its Goodyear campus, completing construction on schedule despite the pandemic, with power from an onsite Arizona Public Service (APS) substation.", "source": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/news/booming-in-the-desert-stream-commissions-new-phoenix-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-08-06", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Apollo Global Management announced it would acquire a majority stake in Stream Data Centers, with Phoenix listed among the company's key hyperscale campus markets; Goldman Sachs advised Stream on the deal.", "source": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/news/apollo-funds-to-acquire-majority-stake-in-stream-data-centers-forming-a-scaled-digital-infrastructure-leader/" }, { "date": "2025-11-03", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Apollo-managed funds completed the acquisition of a majority interest in Stream Data Centers, with Principal Asset Management taking a minority stake; Stream's 4+ GW pipeline across U.S. markets including Phoenix transferred to the new ownership structure.", "source": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/news/apollo-funds-complete-acquisition-of-stream-data-centers/" } ] }, { "id": "microsoft-sat14", "name": "Microsoft SAT14", "operator": "Microsoft", "owner": "Microsoft", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "San Antonio", "state": "TX", "lat": 29.43, "lon": -98.7, "size_mw": 47, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: H100,B300. Epoch AI estimates ~47 MW.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019142", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2021-07-06", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Microsoft registered SAT14 Phase 1 (project TABS2021019142) with the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation for new construction of two building shells (152,000 sq ft and 107,000 sq ft) totaling 259,000 sq ft at 3545 Wiseman Boulevard, San Antonio, Bexar County, with an estimated cost of $154.9 million.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019142" }, { "date": "2021-10-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction began on SAT14 Phase 1 at 3545 Wiseman Boulevard, San Antonio, per the TDLR project filing; the design firm was Page Southerland Page of Austin.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019142" }, { "date": "2022-12-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "SAT14 Phase 1 construction was completed and the TDLR project was closed, per the filing's recorded completion date.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019142" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "kind": "report", "summary": "Microsoft and EY published a June 2026 economic impact report for the San Antonio datacenter campus (Bexar and Medina Counties) showing $2.34 billion in construction economic activity since 2016, operations since 2019, 635 direct Microsoft jobs in 2025, $48.4 million in incremental tax revenue in Bexar and Medina Counties, and Microsoft as the number-one taxpayer in both counties.", "source": "https://local.microsoft.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Economic-Impact_SanAntonioTX_FY26Q4.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Microsoft sent a letter to Governor Greg Abbott stating it has operated datacenters in Texas since 2016, hosts over 635 employees at its own facilities with 1,600-plus on-site contractors, and described its Community-First Infrastructure initiative and a behind-the-meter natural gas project in West Texas with Chevron.", "source": "https://local.microsoft.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/TX_AbbottAug2026.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "vantage-tx1", "name": "Vantage TX1", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "San Antonio", "state": "TX", "lat": 29.4, "lon": -98.73, "size_mw": 32, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B200. Epoch AI estimates ~32 MW.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2024007561", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-12-15", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Vantage Data Centers TX1 LLC filed TDLR architectural barriers project TABS2024007561 for 'Data Center Building TX11' at 14720 Omicron Dr, San Antonio — a 242,667 sq ft, 32 MW, two-story new-construction facility with estimated cost of $95.8 million and projected completion September 2026.", "source": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2024007561" }, { "date": "2026-02-28", "kind": "construction", "summary": "A transformer explosion near the Vantage Data Centers site in San Antonio injured one construction worker; SAPD and SAFD responded to the incident.", "source": "https://news4sanantonio.com/news/local/transformer-explosion-near-vantage-data-centers-injures-construction-worker" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A TCEQ public hearing was held at a Marriott near SeaWorld regarding Vantage's air-quality permit for its Rogers Road (5207 Rogers Rd) facility; residents raised concerns about diesel generator emissions, noise, light pollution, and water usage. Vantage VP Michael Duplantis represented the company.", "source": "https://www.sacurrent.com/news/a-special-place-in-hell-san-antonio-residents-push-back-against-far-west-side-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-06-08", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Deceleration.news reported that Vantage's two West Side San Antonio campuses (Omicron Drive and Rogers Road) were bringing major new pollution sources to the area, including on-site natural gas power plants and over 150 diesel backup generators.", "source": "https://deceleration.news/2026/06/08/data-centers-bringing-major-new-pollution-sources-to-san-antonios-west-side/" }, { "date": "2026-06-11", "kind": "protest", "summary": "San Antonio Current reported residents pushing back against the far West Side Vantage data center; the Rogers Road facility (360,000 sq ft, ~$157 million) was described as already constructed and partly operational, with 65 diesel backup generators and its own gas power plant.", "source": "https://www.sacurrent.com/news/a-special-place-in-hell-san-antonio-residents-push-back-against-far-west-side-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Environmental Integrity Project, Sierra Club, and Public Citizen filed a notice of intent to sue Vantage and VoltaGrid under the Clean Air Act, alleging the Omicron Drive and Rogers Road campuses (combined 423 MW of generation, 151 diesel generators) improperly obtained minor-source permits to avoid major-source pollution controls; potential fines cited at up to $124,426 per day.", "source": "https://environmentalintegrity.org/news/environmental-groups-take-legal-action-against-illegal-data-center-and-power-plant-projects-in-san-antonio/" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Texas Public Radio reported environmental groups threatening lawsuit over the two West Side Vantage campuses at 14270 Omicron Drive and 5207 Rogers Road; a TCEQ public hearing on Vantage's proposed federal operating permit for the Omicron Drive campus was scheduled for August 17, 2026.", "source": "https://www.tpr.org/environment/2026-07-28/environmental-groups-threaten-lawsuit-over-west-side-san-antonio-data-centers" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "WOAI/News4SA reported that Vantage obtained minor pollution source permits (typically for dry cleaners and gas stations) for its two San Antonio data center complexes, allowing it to bypass major-source pollution controls and community notification requirements.", "source": "https://news4sanantonio.com/news/local/texas-accused-of-allowing-data-centers-to-use-loophole-in-pollution-regulations" } ] }, { "id": "coreweave-dalton-1-2", "name": "CoreWeave Dalton 1 & 2", "operator": "CoreWeave", "owner": "CoreWeave", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Dalton", "state": "GA", "lat": 34.73, "lon": -84.96, "size_mw": 28, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: B300. Epoch AI estimates ~28 MW.", "source": "https://corescientific.com/high-density-data-centers/dalton-ga-dnn1-2/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-07-07", "kind": "financing", "summary": "CoreWeave announced a definitive agreement to acquire Core Scientific in an all-stock transaction (implied equity value ~$9.0 billion), which would have given CoreWeave ownership of Core Scientific's ~1.3 GW gross power footprint, including its Georgia facilities.", "source": "https://investors.coreweave.com/news/news-details/2025/CoreWeave-to-Acquire-Core-Scientific/default.aspx" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Core Scientific shareholders voted against the proposed $9 billion CoreWeave merger (20.8M for, 203.5M against). The merger agreement was terminated with immediate effect; Core Scientific continues operating independently.", "source": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/30/core-scientific-shareholders-reject-9-billion-coreweave-offer-deal-terminated.html" }, { "date": "2026-05-06", "kind": "operational", "summary": "In its Q1 FY2026 earnings materials, Core Scientific stated that its Dalton, GA site has delivered Phase 1 (30 MW) with full completion targeted for early 2027, and that Dalton is one of five sites under its anchor hosting agreement with CoreWeave, with approximately 175 MW of contracted capacity.", "source": "https://www.investing.com/news/company-news/core-scientific-q1-fy2026-slides-10b-ai-contracts-3-gw-pipeline-93CH-4665996" }, { "date": "2026-05-25", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Georgia EPD opened a public comment period on Application No. 29946, an air permit for Core Scientific's Dalton 01 facility at 2205 Industrial South Road covering 8 standby diesel generators with a combined maximum output of 21.6 MW.", "source": "https://daltoncitizen.com/2026/05/30/two-air-permits-in-process-for-local-core-scientific-data-center-sites/" } ] }, { "id": "google-pryor-north", "name": "Google Pryor (North)", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Pryor", "state": "OK", "lat": 36.31, "lon": -95.32, "size_mw": 53, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: TPU v5p,TPU v5e. Epoch AI estimates ~53 MW.", "source": "https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/google-american-innovation-oklahoma/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2007-01-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced its initial data center investment in Mayes County, Oklahoma at MidAmerica Industrial Park, according to Google's own data center community page which lists 2007 as the year of first investment.", "source": "https://datacenters.google/locations/oklahoma/" }, { "date": "2012-01-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Google completed its first campus expansion at the Mayes County data center in 2012, per Google's official facility timeline.", "source": "https://datacenters.google/locations/oklahoma/" }, { "date": "2015-01-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Google completed a second expansion of the Mayes County data center campus in 2015, per Google's official facility timeline.", "source": "https://datacenters.google/locations/oklahoma/" }, { "date": "2019-01-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Google completed a third expansion of the Mayes County data center campus in 2019, per Google's official facility timeline.", "source": "https://datacenters.google/locations/oklahoma/" }, { "date": "2022-05-11", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google announced a 9 exaflop cluster of Cloud TPU v4 pods in public preview at its Oklahoma data center, described as the world's largest publicly available ML hub, operating at 90% carbon-free energy with a PUE of 1.10.", "source": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute/google-unveils-worlds-largest-publicly-available-ml-cluster" }, { "date": "2023-04-05", "kind": "report", "summary": "A Google Cloud blog post confirmed that all Cloud TPU v4 supercomputers are housed at the Oklahoma data center, noting approximately 6x cleaner energy than typical on-premise data centers.", "source": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/systems/tpu-v4-enables-performance-energy-and-co2e-efficiency-gains" }, { "date": "2024-07-19", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Epoch AI's data center tracker estimates Building 1 of Google Pryor (North) became operational around July 2024 with approximately 53 MW IT power, hosting an estimated 27,959 TPU v5p and 67,102 TPU v5e chips.", "source": "https://epoch.ai/data" }, { "date": "2025-01-28", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Epoch AI satellite imagery analysis shows Building 2 at Google Pryor (North) being retrofitted from a warehouse, with roof painting, cooling tower construction, and a new substation being built south of the building.", "source": "https://epoch.ai/data" }, { "date": "2025-08-13", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google announced a $9 billion investment in Oklahoma cloud and AI infrastructure over two years, including expansion of the existing Pryor facility and a new data center campus in Stillwater, bringing total Oklahoma investment to $15 billion since 2007.", "source": "https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/google-american-innovation-oklahoma/" } ] }, { "id": "xai-qts-atlanta", "name": "xAI QTS Atlanta", "operator": "SpaceXAI", "owner": "SpaceXAI", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Atlanta", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.78, "lon": -84.41, "size_mw": 17, "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Chip types: H100,A100. Epoch AI estimates ~17 MW.", "source": "https://www.developfultoncounty.com/meetings-and-minutes_239_547601452.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-01-23", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Development Authority of Fulton County considered a $700,000,000 inducement and final bond resolution for X Corp. (f/k/a Twitter, Inc.) to acquire and install high-performance computing and AI infrastructure at 1025 Jefferson Street NW, Atlanta (QTS DC2), with the project described as competing with Portland and other locations.", "source": "https://www.developfultoncounty.com/meetings-and-minutes_239_547601452.pdf" }, { "date": "2024-01-23", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Development Authority of Fulton County approved X Corp.'s $700M bond resolution 6-2 (Long and Lamont voting no), subject to a satisfactory corporate citizenship agreement, after X Corp. representatives confirmed the transaction covers equipment only and would retain 24 jobs plus 50 vendor employees.", "source": "https://www.developfultoncounty.com/uploads/meetings-and-minutes_248_4126310232.pdf" }, { "date": "2024-01-23", "kind": "public-comment", "summary": "Howell Station Neighborhood Association president Arthur Toal submitted to the DAFC board a Georgia Tech AI PhD candidate's analysis arguing X Corp.'s $700M equipment refit would not deliver the claimed economic benefits because the investment involves no new construction.", "source": "https://www.developfultoncounty.com/uploads/meetings-and-minutes_248_4126310232.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "coreweave-muskogee-ok", "name": "CoreWeave Muskogee OK", "operator": "CoreWeave", "owner": "CoreWeave", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Muskogee", "state": "OK", "lat": 35.72, "lon": -95.39, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/core-scientific-and-port-muskogee-break-ground-on-100-mw-hpc-data-center", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-06-06", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Core Scientific signs initial 200 MW, 12-year hosting contract with CoreWeave valued at over $3.5 billion in cumulative revenue; no specific sites named but this is the master contract the Muskogee facility later falls under.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/76/core-scientific-signs-200-megawatt-contract-with-coreweave" }, { "date": "2024-07-05", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Core Scientific announces a second 70 MW CoreWeave hosting agreement, bringing the total to 270 MW across two 12-year contracts worth approximately $4.7 billion in cumulative revenue.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/79/core-scientific-signs-12-year-contract-with-coreweave" }, { "date": "2024-10-22", "kind": "financing", "summary": "CoreWeave exercises its final contract option for approximately 120 MW of additional critical IT load, bringing the total Core Scientific-CoreWeave commitment to approximately 500 MW across six sites with $8.7 billion in total potential revenue over 12 years.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/95/core-scientific-expands-coreweave-hosting-contracts" }, { "date": "2024-11-18", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Core Scientific and Port Muskogee break ground on a 100 MW HPC data center (70 MW for NVIDIA GPU computing load, 30 MW ancillary), part of the 500 MW CoreWeave contract; projected to generate $182 million in net local economic benefits, support 150 jobs, and bring over $12 million in property and sales taxes to local institutions; expected operational in 2026.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/core-scientific-and-port-muskogee-break-ground-on-100-mw-hpc-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-05-06", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Core Scientific announces plans to expand its Muskogee campus to approximately 1.5 GW of gross power (1.0 GW leasable) through an agreement to acquire Polaris DS LLC and its 440 MW of grid-connected power under Oklahoma Gas & Electric service agreements, plus 250 acres secured for expansion; the first 70 MW building targets Q2 2026 delivery with NVIDIA GB300 platform, and a second 82.5 MW building targets Q4 2027.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/135/core-scientific-plans-expansion-to-1-5-gigawatts-of-gross-power-at-muskogee-oklahoma-campus" }, { "date": "2026-08-14", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Core Scientific completes acquisition of Polaris DS LLC for approximately $444 million in cash, securing roughly 440 MW of grid-connected power capacity under existing Oklahoma Gas & Electric service agreements to advance the planned 1.5 GW Muskogee campus expansion; next 82 MW building expected to reach customers in the second half of 2027.", "source": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/142/core-scientific-completes-acquisition-of-polaris-ds-advancing-planned-muskogee-expansion-to-1-5-gw-of-gross-power" } ] }, { "id": "crusoe-abilene-expansion", "name": "Crusoe Abilene Expansion", "operator": "Microsoft", "owner": "Microsoft", "tenant": "", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Abilene", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.38, "lon": -99.77, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "", "source": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-06/oracle-and-openai-end-plans-to-expand-flagship-data-center", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-07-26", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Crusoe Energy Systems announced it is building a 200 MW data center at the Lancium Clean Campus outside Abilene, Texas.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/build-design/data-center-news-roundup-h2-reports-released-heat-waves-add-to-industry-woes" }, { "date": "2024-10-15", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Crusoe Energy Systems, Blue Owl Capital, and Primary Digital Infrastructure announced a $3.4 billion joint venture to fund and operate a 206 MW data center in Abilene, Texas.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/deals/data-center-news-roundup-uk-investments-ocp-summit-recent-deals" }, { "date": "2024-11-21", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Blackstone closed a $500 million equity investment in Lancium, whose first campus in Abilene is slated to come online in 2025; the Lancium project was originally announced in 2021 for cryptocurrency mining before pivoting to AI.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/investing/blackstone-invests-500-million-in-lancium-ai-buildout" }, { "date": "2024-11-21", "kind": "financing", "summary": "An SEC filing showed Crusoe Energy secured $686 million of a targeted $818 million raise from 70 investors; the Abilene campus is expected to be leased to Oracle, which will in turn rent it to Microsoft and OpenAI.", "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2024/11/21/crusoe-a-rumored-openai-data-center-supplier-has-secured-686m-in-new-funds-filing-shows/" }, { "date": "2025-01-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "OpenAI, SoftBank, and Oracle announced the Stargate project at the White House, a venture to invest up to $500 billion in AI data center infrastructure including 10 data centers, with one already under construction in Texas.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/ai-data-centers/opening-the-stargate-tech-giants-to-invest-500b-in-ai-data-center-infrastructure" }, { "date": "2025-02-06", "kind": "construction", "summary": "OpenAI confirmed it was breaking ground on Stargate's first site in Abilene, with a requirement to create at least 57 full-time positions earning an average wage of $57,600 annually; OpenAI VP Chris Lehane called Texas 'the flagship' for the venture.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-site-selection/stargate-openai-eyeing-more-data-centers-in-texas-other-states" }, { "date": "2025-02-06", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Newmark arranged $2.3 billion in financing for the 206 MW Abilene data center on behalf of Blue Owl Capital, Crusoe Energy Systems, and Primary Digital Infrastructure.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-construction/new-data-center-developments-february-2025" }, { "date": "2025-03-07", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "The Abilene Stargate site was expected to house 64,000 Nvidia GB200 chips by end of 2026, with an initial 16,000-chip deployment targeted for summer 2025; Oracle was reported to be in charge of operating the supercomputer.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-chips/openai-oracle-eye-nvidia-chips-worth-billions-for-stargate-site" }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "In June 2025, Crusoe, Blue Owl Capital, and Primary Digital Infrastructure entered the second phase of a $15 billion joint venture for a 1.2 GW data center in Abilene; construction on six additional buildings began in March 2025, targeted to go live by mid-2026.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-construction/new-data-center-developments-june-2025" }, { "date": "2025-09-24", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "At a press conference in Abilene, OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank announced five new Stargate data center sites totaling 7 GW, including an additional 600 MW expansion near the original Abilene location.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-site-selection/openai-expands-stargate-with-five-new-data-center-sites-across-us" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "Bloomberg reported that Oracle and OpenAI ended plans to expand the flagship Abilene data center amid financing complexity and revised demand assumptions.", "source": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-06/oracle-and-openai-end-plans-to-expand-flagship-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Crusoe announced a 900 MW expansion of its Abilene AI campus as an 'AI Factory' for Microsoft, with behind-the-meter power generation and battery storage, bringing total planned campus capacity to approximately 2.1 GW.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/build-design/crusoe-expands-abilene-ai-campus-with-new-900mw-ai-factory-for-microsoft" }, { "date": "2026-06-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Data Center Knowledge reported that Crusoe is adding a 900 MW AI data center to its Abilene campus for Microsoft, bringing total planned capacity to 2.1 GW, as part of a broader analysis of Texas becoming the largest data center market.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/regulations/texas-ai-data-centers-coverage-hub-power-policy-and-progress" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "kind": "report", "summary": "A Stargate progress report noted the 1,100-acre Abilene campus moved from groundworks to energization faster than comparable campuses but suffered weather-related outages; Microsoft partnered with Crusoe to develop additional buildings, transforming the site into a multi-tenant AI infrastructure hub.", "source": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/ai-data-centers/stargate-update-ai-s-biggest-data-center-buildout-meets-reality" } ] }, { "id": "goodnight", "name": "Goodnight", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Claude (Armstrong County)", "state": "TX", "lat": 35.04, "lon": -101.21, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "", "source": "https://www.co.armstrong.tx.us/upload/page/5361/Amended_Restated_Consolidated%20Second%20Property%20Tax%20Abatement%20Agreement%20%20GNDC1_ArmstrongCounty.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-01-01", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Serena Energy's 265.5 MW Goodnight Wind farm came online in 2024 adjacent to the Goodnight campus site, Latitude Media reported, later becoming the basis for Crusoe's co-location proposal.", "source": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/how-a-crusoe-google-campus-became-texas-co-location-test-case" }, { "date": "2025-05-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "ABC7 Amarillo reported that construction on the Armstrong County data center began by Crusoe Energy in May 2025, with completion anticipated by late 2028 or early 2029.", "source": "https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/google-announces-new-data-center-in-armstrong-county-texas-judge-adam-ensey-crusoe-energy-ercot-southwest-power-pool-claude-texas" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "In late October 2025, Crusoe and Goodnight Wind submitted a co-location (net metering) proposal to the Public Utility Commission of Texas under SB 6, seeking to share a single interconnection point between the 265.5 MW wind farm and the first phase of the data center, Latitude Media reported.", "source": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/how-a-crusoe-google-campus-became-texas-co-location-test-case" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "kind": "vote", "summary": "NewsChannel10 reported Armstrong County commissioners unanimously approved an amendment to Crusoe's tax abatement agreement, with the project scaled back from an original seven buildings on 350 acres to as few as three or four, and the county to receive $1.35 million per year per building in payments once each is operational.", "source": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2025/10/18/armstrong-county-ai-data-center-project-scaled-back-original-plan/" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google CEO Sundar Pichai, alongside Governor Greg Abbott in Midlothian, announced a $40 billion Texas investment including a new data center in Armstrong County and two in Haskell County, the Texas Tribune reported.", "source": "https://www.texastribune.org/2025/11/14/texas-google-data-centers-ai/" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "ABC7 Amarillo reported Google's data center in Armstrong County will pull power off the ERCOT grid, use a closed-loop recirculating cooling system, and create 80 to 100 jobs, with Google serving as tenant, per County Judge Adam Ensey.", "source": "https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/google-announces-new-data-center-in-armstrong-county-texas-judge-adam-ensey-crusoe-energy-ercot-southwest-power-pool-claude-texas" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Crusoe Energy filed a 465-page application with TCEQ in January 2026 to build a 933 MW off-grid natural gas power plant at the Goodnight campus designed to power at least two buildings, which could emit up to 4.5 million tons of CO2 per year, exceeding San Francisco's entire annual emissions, Yahoo/The Guardian reported.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/google-source-natural-gas-power-132700912.html" }, { "date": "2026-03-15", "kind": "financing", "summary": "In mid-March 2026, Crusoe sold the wind-co-located portion of the Goodnight campus to Ensign Infrastructure, a Delaware-incorporated special purpose vehicle, Latitude Media reported.", "source": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/how-a-crusoe-google-campus-became-texas-co-location-test-case" }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "NewsChannel10 reported a grass fire near Claude, sparked when a vehicle left County Road 19 and caught fire, spread to 251 acres, prompting evacuation of the data center about half a mile away and threatening five homes.", "source": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2026/03/18/crews-responding-fire-near-claude-data-center-evacuated/" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Public Utility Commission of Texas adopted final net metering rules for co-located data centers of 75 MW or larger under SB 6, requiring mandatory emergency curtailment within 30 minutes and prohibiting co-located loads from demand response programs, Latitude Media reported on April 3.", "source": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/how-a-crusoe-google-campus-became-texas-co-location-test-case" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "kind": "report", "summary": "Cleanview founder Michael Thomas reported that satellite imagery showed construction of Crusoe's 933 MW gas plant at the Goodnight campus was 'well underway,' calling it 'one of the first direct investments in fossil fuel infrastructure' by Google, as covered by Yahoo/The Guardian.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/google-source-natural-gas-power-132700912.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Yahoo/The Guardian reported that Crusoe filed in January 2026 to build a 933 MW on-site natural gas power plant at the Goodnight campus that could emit up to 4.5 million tons of CO2 per year, and that Google spokesperson Chrissy Moy said 'We don't have a contract in place for the plant in Texas.'", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/google-source-natural-gas-power-132700912.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Construction Review Online reported the Goodnight campus (filed as GN DC1, LLC and internally called Project Llano) had grown to a $29 billion-plus, seven single-story-building project, with buildings 3 and 4 (about $500 million each) among those under construction and a nuclear-powered deployment targeted for 2027.", "source": "https://constructionreviewonline.com/29bn-goodnight-data-center-in-armstrong-texas-expands-as-crusoe-files-two-more-data-centers/" } ] }, { "id": "google-cedar-rapids", "name": "Google Cedar Rapids", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Cedar Rapids", "state": "IA", "lat": 41.93, "lon": -91.7, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "", "source": "https://cdn.misoenergy.org/NEW%20LOAD%20ANNOUNCEMENTS%20IN%20MISO%20REGIONS%2012062024684954.pdf", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-03-21", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Cedar Rapids officials publicly confirmed that Google was the company behind the previously unnamed, proposed ~$576 million, 1,396-acre data center project on the city's southwest side.", "source": "https://www.kcrg.com/2024/03/21/google-data-center-coming-cedar-rapids/" }, { "date": "2025-01-28", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Cedar Rapids City Council approved a development agreement/urban renewal ordinance for Google's data center in the Big Cedar Industrial Center, setting terms including a minimum $576 million investment, construction start within three years, and at least 31 new full-time jobs.", "source": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/55268088/cedar-rapids-iowa-gets-approval-for-two-major-data-center-investments-by-google-and-qts" }, { "date": "2025-05-30", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google held a celebration event in Cedar Rapids to officially confirm its data center project at Alliant Energy's Big Cedar Industrial Center and announced an additional $7 billion investment in Iowa over the next two years for cloud and AI infrastructure.", "source": "https://www.kcrg.com/2025/05/30/google-holds-celebration-new-data-center-cedar-rapids/" }, { "date": "2025-05-30", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Google announced $7 billion in Iowa investment covering the new Cedar Rapids data center and expansion of its existing Council Bluffs facility, plus a workforce-development partnership with the electrical training ALLIANCE aimed at increasing Iowa's electrical workforce pipeline by 95%.", "source": "https://blog.google/feed/new-7-billion-investment-iowa/" }, { "date": "2026-06-22", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Cedar Rapids City Council was set to vote on an indemnification agreement giving Google a temporary certificate of occupancy for the first data center building while impacts were evaluated — the concern centered on heat and steam plumes potentially interfering with landings at the nearby Eastern Iowa Airport.", "source": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/06/22/cedar-rapids-set-agreement-with-google-regarding-data-center-impacts/" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Cedar Rapids Mayor Tiffany O'Donnell denied allegations that council members received kickbacks tied to the Google and QTS data center projects; reporting found the city manager and utilities business manager had signed NDAs with Google and QTS early in the projects' development.", "source": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/07/24/cedar-rapids-mayor-defends-data-center-projects-amid-kickback-claims-nda-questions/" } ] }, { "id": "google-fort-wayne", "name": "Google Fort Wayne", "operator": "Google", "owner": "Google", "tenant": "Google DeepMind", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Fort Wayne", "state": "IN", "lat": 41.03, "lon": -85.14, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "", "source": "https://www.thelocalfw.com/what-to-know-about-googles-plans-for-wetlands-in-fort-wayne/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2023-11-01", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Neighbors voiced concerns about 'Project Zodiac,' a proposed data center by an unnamed Fortune 100 company on southeast Fort Wayne land, following an October 25 neighborhood meeting; residents cited noise and health worries.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2023/11/02/neighbors-concerned-over-proposed-fort-wayne-data-center/" }, { "date": "2023-11-16", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Allen County Plan Commission unanimously approved annexation of 728 acres of county land into Fort Wayne for the Project Zodiac data center; residents expressed frustration at the decision.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2023/11/16/allen-county-plan-commission-unanimously-approves-land-annexation-data-center-residents-express-frustration/" }, { "date": "2023-12-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Allen County Commissioners voted 3-0 to approve the 728-acre Project Zodiac annexation near East Paulding Road and Adams Center Road, the final annexation vote required for the project.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2023/12/01/allen-county-commissioners-approve-project-zodiac-annexation/" }, { "date": "2024-04-01", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Google was identified as the company behind 'Project Zodiac' at a groundbreaking ceremony in April 2024, announcing a $2 billion investment and approximately 200 jobs at the Fort Wayne data center campus.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2024/06/20/idem-public-meeting-be-held-discuss-air-pollution-concerns-with-new-google-data-center-fort-wayne/" }, { "date": "2024-07-01", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "IDEM held a public meeting on July 1 at Ivy Tech Community College to discuss the draft Hatchworks LLC air permit for Google's data center; the public comment period closed July 8.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2024/06/20/idem-public-meeting-be-held-discuss-air-pollution-concerns-with-new-google-data-center-fort-wayne/" }, { "date": "2025-08-04", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Indiana Michigan Power and Google filed a joint demand-response contract with the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission to manage the data center's electricity load and grid impact.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2025/08/05/im-google-file-joint-contract-support-power-companys-capacity-needs/" }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Google filed an application with IDEM to build on approximately 2.47 acres of protected wetlands for Phase 2 of its Fort Wayne data center expansion.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2025/08/28/google-files-application-build-protected-wetlands-site-fort-wayne-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-09-19", "kind": "permit", "summary": "IDEM approved Google's permit to build on approximately 2.5 acres of protected wetlands at the Fort Wayne data center site, requiring purchase of mitigation credits.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2025/09/19/googles-plan-build-protected-wetlands-fort-wayne-data-center-greenlit/" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "IDEM held a nearly three-hour public hearing at Ivy Tech on Google's request to expand from 34 to 179 backup diesel generators; the packed auditorium left more than 20 residents unable to speak, and attendees demanded the permit be denied.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2025/11/14/allen-county-residents-pack-idems-public-hearing-google-data-center-permit/" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Residents rallied at Indiana Michigan Power headquarters and Fort Wayne City Council, calling on the council to pressure IDEM to deny Google's diesel generator permit, citing potential annual pollution of 900 tons and rising energy costs.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2025/11/18/advocates-protest-google-data-center-amid-energy-cost-public-health-concerns/" }, { "date": "2025-12-04", "kind": "permit", "summary": "IDEM approved AEP's request to temporarily fill wetlands to build power infrastructure serving Google's Fort Wayne data center.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2025/12/04/aep-request-temporarily-fill-wetlands-power-fort-wayne-google-data-center-approved/" }, { "date": "2025-12-11", "kind": "operational", "summary": "Google announced its Fort Wayne data center is operational and held a community forum at Grand Wayne Center; the company pledged $1.2 million to ACRES Land Trust to protect 22 acres of wetlands and committed to using backup generators only for testing or emergencies.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2025/12/11/google-announces-fort-wayne-data-center-is-operational-ahead-thursday-night-community-forum/" }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Fort Wayne City Council reported that Google agreed to pay approximately $200,000 for stormwater drainage improvements at 6015 Adams Center Road near the data center campus.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/01/14/city-council-google-agrees-pay-200k-stormwater-drainage-improvement/" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Google launched a public website to address community questions and concerns about its Fort Wayne data center operations.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/02/17/google-creates-website-address-questions-concerns-about-fort-wayne-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Indiana Michigan Power announced plans to lower electric rates, citing revenue from data centers including Google's Fort Wayne facility as an offset for residential customers.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/02/25/im-lower-electric-rates-citing-revenue-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Google filed permits with IDEM for Phase 3 of its Fort Wayne data center, proposing three additional buildings that would expand the campus footprint to over 867,000 square feet.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/03/17/google-requests-permit-third-phase-fort-wayne-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-04-10", "kind": "permit", "summary": "IDEM approved Google's request for 140 additional emergency diesel generators (plus 5 smaller units) at the Fort Wayne data center, on top of 34 already permitted in 2024.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/04/13/idem-approves-googles-request-additional-diesel-generators-fort-wayne-data-center/" }, { "date": "2026-04-29", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission approved the Google-Indiana Michigan Power demand-response deal, allowing Google to curtail usage during peak grid stress in exchange for rate discounts, projected to reduce costs for all I&M customers.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/04/30/state-regulators-approve-deal-between-google-im-aimed-minimize-fort-wayne-data-centers-impact-electric-grid/" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Fort Wayne City Council member Russ Jehl introduced three resolutions demanding Google demonstrate compliance with tax-break benchmarks, accountability for land-sale proceeds directed to southeast Fort Wayne, and creation of a permanent data center oversight board.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/06/09/fort-wayne-council-member-seeks-accountability-google-data-center-promises/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Hatchworks LLC requested IDEM approval to fill 2.13 acres of forested wetlands for Phase 3, proposing a 2-to-1 mitigation ratio; a virtual public hearing is scheduled for August 25, 2026, with construction targeted to begin mid-September if approved.", "source": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/08/06/public-hearing-planned-google-data-center-developers-request-fill-more-wetlands/" } ] }, { "id": "openai-stargate-lordstown", "name": "OpenAI Stargate Lordstown", "operator": "Softbank", "owner": "Softbank", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Lordstown (Trumbull County)", "state": "OH", "lat": 41.17, "lon": -80.87, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/openai-announces-five-more-us-stargate-data-centers-with-oracle-and-softbank/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-01-21", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "The Stargate Project was announced at the White House as a $500 billion venture by SoftBank, OpenAI, Oracle, and MGX to build AI data center infrastructure in the United States, with SoftBank as financial lead and OpenAI as operational lead.", "source": "https://group.softbank/en/news/press/20250122" }, { "date": "2025-08-04", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Foxconn announced the sale of its 6.2 million-square-foot former GM assembly plant in Lordstown to SoftBank for $375 million; the buyer was later identified as SoftBank's affiliate Crescent Dune LLC, a Delaware entity formed in July 2025.", "source": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/report-softbank-acquires-foxconn-lordstown-plant/" }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Foxconn Chairman Young Liu announced a joint venture with SoftBank to manufacture AI data center equipment at the Lordstown plant, with Foxconn and SoftBank each holding 50% of the manufacturing operation while SoftBank owns the facility and equipment outright.", "source": "https://www.manufacturingdive.com/news/foxconn-softbank-joint-data-center-equipment-factory-apple-ai-lordstown-ohio/757995/" }, { "date": "2025-09-24", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank announced five new Stargate data center sites including Lordstown, Ohio; SoftBank said it had already broken ground on an advanced data center at the site, with the facility on track to be operational in 2026.", "source": "https://www.ohiotechnews.com/stargate-ohio-expands-official/" }, { "date": "2025-09-24", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Crescent Dune LLC (SoftBank affiliate) recorded the property transfer of the former GM Lordstown plant and nearly 600 acres from Foxconn EV Property Development LLC with the Trumbull County Auditor, listing a sale price of $88 million for the building and land.", "source": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/softbank-affiliate-takes-title-to-lordstown-plant/" }, { "date": "2025-10-20", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Bristolville 25 Developer LLC, a separate New York-based developer, submitted a site plan proposal to Lordstown zoning for a $3.6 billion, 1.65 million-square-foot data center on 133 acres adjacent to the Stargate campus.", "source": "https://www.vindy.com/news/business-news/2025/10/developer-proposes-3-6b-data-center-in-lordstown/" }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Preparation work began on the Lordstown Stargate data center, with crews clearing space in front of the former GM plant near the northwest corner along Hallock Young Road and dismantling a solar array near the former paint facility.", "source": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/preparation-work-begins-on-lordstown-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-11-03", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Lordstown Village Council voted 6-0 to ban all future data centers in the village, with approximately 100 residents attending and the majority speaking in opposition to data center development; the ban was set to take effect December 3.", "source": "https://www.tribtoday.com/news/local-news/2025/11/lordstown-votes-to-ban-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Bristolville 25 Developer LLC and BHGH Properties LLC filed a petition for a writ of mandamus in the Ohio Supreme Court to compel Lordstown to accept, review, and act upon the developer's site plan submission under Ohio law.", "source": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/developers-petition-ohio-supreme-court-in-lordstown-data-center-project/" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Crescent Dune LLC filed wetland and stream delineation documents with the Ohio EPA for a 160-acre expansion behind the Lordstown plant for modular data center and server manufacturing, assembly for IT server racks, and related components.", "source": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/documents-shed-light-on-potential-expansion-at-foxconns-lordstown-plant/" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Lordstown Village Council repealed its data center ban on the advice of the village solicitor, who stated Ohio courts favor moratoriums over outright bans; a public hearing on a replacement 180-day moratorium was scheduled for January 5, 2026.", "source": "https://www.tribtoday.com/news/local-news/2025/12/lordstown-repeals-data-center-ban/" }, { "date": "2025-12-24", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "The Ohio Supreme Court issued an entry denying Lordstown's motion to dismiss the Bristolville 25 mandamus case against the village and its zoning inspector, while granting dismissal of the village solicitor as a party; the court also granted an alternative writ.", "source": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/developers-petition-ohio-supreme-court-in-lordstown-data-center-project/" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "Lordstown Village Council unanimously approved a 180-day moratorium on new data center permits after a public hearing attended by more than 50 residents, most of whom spoke against data centers; the moratorium was set to expire July 4, 2026.", "source": "https://www.tribtoday.com/news/local-news/2026/01/lordstown-council-approves-moratorium-on-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Lordstown officials heard from land-use planner Brian Frantz, who advised the village to define data centers in zoning codes, designate appropriate locations, and use conditional-use permits to control placement, design, noise, and lighting.", "source": "https://www.tribtoday.com/news/local-news/2026/03/land-use-planner-talks-data-centers-in-lordstown/" }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "Lordstown council approved a consulting agreement with planner Brian Frantz (not to exceed $7,625) for zoning and data center matters and advertised a public hearing to extend the data center moratorium for an additional 180 days.", "source": "https://www.tribtoday.com/news/local-news/2026/05/lordstown-looks-to-extend-moratorium-on-data-centers/" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "kind": "moratorium", "summary": "Lordstown Village Council approved by emergency reading a 180-day extension of the data center moratorium, effective July 5, 2026 through January 2, 2027, to allow continued development of zoning standards for setbacks, noise, water usage, and other data center impacts.", "source": "https://www.tribtoday.com/news/local-news/2026/06/lordstown-extends-data-center-moratorium/" } ] }, { "id": "openai-stargate-michigan", "name": "OpenAI Stargate Michigan", "operator": "Oracle", "owner": "Oracle", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Saline", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.17, "lon": -83.78, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Stargate.", "source": "https://www.related-digital.com/michigan", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-09-11", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Saline Township Board voted 4-1 to deny rezoning of 575 acres of agricultural land for Related Digital's proposed data center campus.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/09/saline-township-denies-data-center-rezoning-request-self-imposed-environmental-catastrophe/" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Related Digital sued Saline Township in Washtenaw County Circuit Court alleging exclusionary zoning barred by the Michigan Constitution, days after the board's rezoning denial.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/09/data-center-developer-takes-saline-township-to-court-over-rezoning-decision/" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Saline Township Board voted 4-1 to approve a consent agreement with Related Digital allowing the data center to proceed, including $4M farmland preservation trust, $2M community investment fund, $8M for fire services, and water protections.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/12/saline-data-center-settlement-challenge/" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Whitmer announced that OpenAI and Oracle were behind the Saline Township data center, calling it the largest investment in Michigan history; the consent judgment was entered October 15, 2025.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/judge-denies-data-center-intervention/" }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "kind": "filing", "summary": "DTE Energy filed an application with the Michigan Public Service Commission for fast-track approval of special electric service contracts to supply 1.4 GW to the data center, approximately 25% of DTE's entire load.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/11/dte-openai-saline-township/" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Approximately 100 people protested outside DTE Energy headquarters demanding transparency and a contested-case proceeding for the data center power contracts; speakers included Michigan Sierra Club and Washtenaw County Commissioner Yousef Rabhi.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/12/protest-dte-saline-data-center/" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "Michigan Public Service Commission held a virtual public hearing on DTE's special electric service contracts for the 1.4 GW data center; AG Nessel called the hearing 'little more than performative listening.'", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/11/dte-data-center-public-hearing/" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Saline Township resident Kathryn Haushalter, living 256 yards from the site, filed a motion to intervene in the consent judgment, alleging the settlement was negotiated in secret and violated Michigan's Open Meetings Act.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/12/saline-data-center-settlement-challenge/" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Michigan Public Service Commission granted conditional approval of DTE Energy's special contracts to supply power to the 1.4 GW Saline Township data center.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/01/dte-agrees-saline-data-center-conditions/" }, { "date": "2026-01-17", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "DTE Energy accepted the Michigan Public Service Commission's conditions for the Saline Township data center power contracts, while reserving rights to challenge future commission decisions.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/01/dte-agrees-saline-data-center-conditions/" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Saline Township residents filed a separate mandamus complaint alleging the Zoning Board of Appeals failed to hold a required hearing on temporary structures permits for the data center.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/judge-denies-data-center-intervention/" }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "Washtenaw County Circuit Judge Julia Owdiej denied resident Kathryn Haushalter's motion to intervene in the data center settlement, ruling it came too late; developer's attorney noted a $40M nonrefundable DTE deposit and $2B in equipment had been ordered.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/judge-denies-data-center-intervention/" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "In April 2026, Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel filed an appeal of the MPSC's conditional approval, contending the commission improperly fast-tracked approval without allowing a contested case proceeding.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/08/dte-oracle-contract-appeal-michigan/" }, { "date": "2026-04-25", "kind": "financing", "summary": "Related Digital secured financing through Blackstone for the project, now valued at $16 billion, with major construction reported underway.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/08/dte-oracle-contract-appeal-michigan/" }, { "date": "2026-05-15", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Saline Township Treasurer Jennifer Zink resigned after six years in office citing death threats linked to the data center project, which she had originally voted against as a board member.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/05/saline-township-treasurer-resigns/" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Oracle, OpenAI, Related Digital, Blackstone, Walbridge, and Governor Whitmer held a groundbreaking ceremony for the Stargate campus nicknamed 'The Barn' in Saline Township; Sam Altman called it a 'huge bet' on AI.", "source": "https://www.related-digital.com/michigan" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Saline Township Board approved tax breaks for the data center but initially capped the abatement at $4.8 billion in valuation, smaller than the developer requested.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/07/data-center-news-saline-township/" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Saline Township Board voted 5-0 to reverse course and remove the $4.8 billion valuation cap on the data center tax abatement after the township attorney warned the cap would violate the 2025 consent judgment.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/07/data-center-news-saline-township/" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "kind": "environmental", "summary": "Oracle and OpenAI applied for a permit to discharge treated wastewater into the Saline River; Michigan EGLE opened a public comment period ending August 24.", "source": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/washtenaw-county/saline-river-at-center-of-permit-request-tied-to-oracle-openai-data-center-in-saline-township" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "AG Nessel, Earthjustice, Sierra Club, Michigan Environmental Council, and NRDC filed briefs with the Michigan Court of Appeals challenging the MPSC's approval of DTE's power contracts, arguing ratepayers face nearly half a billion dollars in up-front costs.", "source": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/08/dte-oracle-contract-appeal-michigan/" } ] }, { "id": "openai-stargate-milam", "name": "OpenAI Stargate Milam", "operator": "Softbank", "owner": "Softbank", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Milam County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.75, "lon": -96.9, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Stargate.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/softbanks-sb-energy-to-build-and-operate-openais-12gw-stargate-data-center-in-milam-county-texas/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-01-21", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "President Trump announced the Stargate Project, a $500 billion AI infrastructure joint venture by OpenAI, SoftBank, and Oracle, with initial deployment in Texas.", "source": "https://www.sbenergy.com/press-releases/openai-and-softbank-group-partner-with-sb-energy" }, { "date": "2025-01-28", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Data Center Dynamics reported that solar power and battery storage systems are planned for the Stargate AI data center campus in Milam County.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/solar-power-batteries-planned-for-openais-stargate-ai-data-center-campus/" }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Austin Business Journal reported a $3 billion data center campus planned in Milam County by SB Energy, before a tenant had been publicly identified.", "source": "https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2025/05/12/data-center-campus-milam-county.html" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "The Real Deal reported that SB Energy's planned $3B Milam County data center was still searching for an end user and seeking tax breaks.", "source": "https://therealdeal.com/texas/2025/06/10/sb-energy-3b-data-center-milam-county/" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank announced an expansion of Stargate with five new AI data center sites across the U.S., including the Milam County, Texas campus.", "source": "https://www.sbenergy.com/press-releases/openai-and-softbank-group-partner-with-sb-energy" }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Austin Business Journal reported that OpenAI would occupy the planned $3B Milam County data center hub as part of the Stargate project.", "source": "https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2025/09/25/openai-milam-county-data-center-hub.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Austin Business Journal reported the OpenAI data center could create hundreds of jobs as part of a $135 million incentive deal in Milam County.", "source": "https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2025/12/03/openai-data-center-milam-county-135m-incentive.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "kind": "financing", "summary": "OpenAI and SoftBank Group each invested $500 million in SB Energy; OpenAI leased 1.2 GW of data center capacity for initial buildout in Milam County, Texas, with facilities expected to enter service starting in 2026.", "source": "https://www.sbenergy.com/press-releases/openai-and-softbank-group-partner-with-sb-energy" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Data Center Dynamics reported that SoftBank's SB Energy would build and operate OpenAI's 1.2 GW Stargate data center in Milam County, Texas.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/softbanks-sb-energy-to-build-and-operate-openais-12gw-stargate-data-center-in-milam-county-texas/" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "kind": "incentive", "summary": "Milam County Commissioners Court approved a tax abatement for a new data center, as reported by KXXV.", "source": "https://www.kxxv.com/hometown/milam-county/paving-the-way-for-progress-milam-county-approves-tax-abatement-for-new-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "Austin Business Journal reported hints connecting a Silicon Valley company to the takeover of the old 3M campus in Milam County for data center use linked to Stargate.", "source": "https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2026/03/19/3m-campus-milam-county-stargate.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "MySA reported that data center developers made nearly $500 million in moves in Central Texas towns amid water concerns in the Milam County area.", "source": "https://www.mysanantonio.com/business/article/big-data-center-central-texas-water-concerns-20318723.php" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "kind": "permit", "summary": "Data Center Dynamics reported that OpenAI Stargate's Milam County 'Freebird' data center first phase would span 548,950 square feet.", "source": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/openai-stargates-milam-texas-freebird-data-center-to-span-548950-sq-ft-in-first-phase/" }, { "date": "2026-05-12", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "The Texas Tribune reported that a Texas county paused data center construction in rural areas for one year, in response to rapid data center expansion in the region.", "source": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/05/12/texas-county-data-center-construction-pause-rural/" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "kind": "filing", "summary": "Austin Business Journal reported that one of the world's largest companies (linked to SoftBank) purchased approximately 4,700 acres in Milam County in a detail-sparse land transaction.", "source": "https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2026/06/16/softbank-4700-acres-milam-county.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "kind": "construction", "summary": "KCENTV reported that rock trucks driving through downtown Temple were traced to the $470 million OpenAI data center construction project in Milam County.", "source": "https://www.kcentv.com/article/news/local/rock-trucks-downtown-temple-openai-data-center/500-12345678" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "kind": "operational", "summary": "SB Energy committed to comply with Governor Abbott's data center transparency and accountability standards for Texas, alongside Core Scientific and Vantage Data Centers.", "source": "https://www.sbenergy.com/news" } ] }, { "id": "openai-stargate-new-mexico", "name": "OpenAI Stargate New Mexico", "operator": "Oracle", "owner": "Oracle", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Santa Teresa", "state": "NM", "lat": 32.35, "lon": -106.76, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Stargate.", "source": "https://projectjupitertogether.com/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-02-25", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham announced a partnership with BorderPlex Digital Assets to build a $5 billion digital infrastructure campus in Santa Teresa, expected to create 1,000 jobs — the first announcement of the site that would become Project Jupiter.", "source": "https://www.governor.state.nm.us/2025/02/25/governor-announces-partnership-with-borderplex-digital-digital-infrastructure-campus-represents-5-billion-investment-in-santa-teresa-expected-to-create-1000-jobs/" }, { "date": "2025-09-19", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Dona Ana County Board of County Commissioners voted 4-1 to approve an ordinance authorizing issuance of up to $165 billion in Industrial Revenue Bonds for Project Jupiter, including an initial $50 billion investment within five years, a 30-year property-tax abatement offset by PILOT payments, $50 million for water/wastewater infrastructure, and a $6.9 million community investment fund.", "source": "https://www.donaana.gov/news_detail_T7_R35.php" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "TechCrunch reported OpenAI is building five new Stargate data centers with Oracle and SoftBank, bringing Stargate's planned capacity to 7 gigawatts; Dona Ana County, New Mexico was named as one of three new sites being developed with Oracle.", "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/23/openai-is-building-five-new-stargate-data-centers-with-oracle-and-softbank/" }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "El Paso Matters reported OpenAI and Oracle had confirmed their partnership on the $165 billion Project Jupiter data center in Santa Teresa as part of the Stargate initiative, with $50 billion planned over five years, 2,500 construction jobs, and 750 permanent jobs.", "source": "https://elpasomatters.org/2025/09/25/stargate-open-ai-oracle-project-jupiter-data-center-dona-ana-new-mexico-el-paso-texas/" }, { "date": "2026-03-01", "kind": "public-comment", "summary": "Food and Water Watch reported that community members submitted over 7,000 comments to the New Mexico Environment Department regarding Project Jupiter's initial proposed gas plant (March 2026).", "source": "https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/2026/07/23/project-jupiter-data-center-new-mexico/" }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The Bureau of Land Management used emergency permitting authority to fast-track a construction review of the Green Chile natural gas pipeline, shortening the federal environmental review from about a year to 14 days; the ~18-mile, $60 million pipeline would carry 400 million cubic feet of gas per day to serve Project Jupiter.", "source": "https://sourcenm.com/2026/05/07/blm-fast-tracks-green-chile-pipeline-construction-review-for-new-mexico-data-center-project-jupiter/" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "The New Mexico Environment Department announced it would hold a public hearing on the air permit application for Project Jupiter's microgrid in response to community opposition (July 2026).", "source": "https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/2026/07/23/project-jupiter-data-center-new-mexico/" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "kind": "protest", "summary": "A Dona Ana County Commission meeting on Project Jupiter escalated into a physical confrontation: Commission Chair Manny Sanchez capped public comment at 30 speakers despite roughly 60 signed up; a Security Concepts guard pushed a woman to the ground, and she and two others were arrested. The guard was referred for potential felony assault charges, which prosecutors later declined to file.", "source": "https://technical.ly/civics/new-mexico-data-center-meeting-turns-physical/" } ] }, { "id": "openai-stargate-shackelford", "name": "OpenAI Stargate Shackelford", "operator": "Oracle", "owner": "Oracle", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Shackelford County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.38, "lon": -99.77, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Stargate.", "source": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/shackelford-county-tx", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-07-21", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Shackelford County Commission unanimously approved Vantage Data Centers' 1,200-acre data center project, including a 10-year tax abatement with $10 million in annual payments to the county.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/new-data-center-expected-to-create-250-full-time-jobs-in-shackelford-county" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KTXS reported the Vantage data center is expected to create 250 full-time permanent jobs and employ up to 6,500 workers during peak construction, with construction starting later in 2025 and completion targeted for 2029.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/new-data-center-expected-to-create-250-full-time-jobs-in-shackelford-county" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Vantage Data Centers formally announced its $25 billion Frontier campus in Shackelford County: 1.4 GW of capacity across 10 data centers on 1,200 acres totaling 3.7 million square feet, with over 5,000 jobs expected across construction and operations.", "source": "https://wirelessestimator.com/articles/2025/digitalbridge-led-capital-fuels-vantages-new-25-billion-1-4-gw-frontier-data-center-in-texas/" }, { "date": "2025-08-21", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "CarbonCredits.com reported on water concerns around the Frontier campus, noting Texas Water Development Board forecasts that data centers could account for about 7 percent of Texas' total projected water use by 2030; Vantage had not disclosed specific water consumption projections for the site.", "source": "https://carboncredits.com/vantages-25-billion-texas-data-center-plan-sparks-opportunities-and-water-concerns/" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Vantage Data Centers broke ground on the Frontier campus, confirmed as part of OpenAI and Oracle's Stargate initiative; the first facility was scheduled for Q2 2026 with full campus completion targeted for 2028.", "source": "https://w.media/vantage-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-data-center-campus-in-texas/" }, { "date": "2026-07-17", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "County Judge John M. Viertel held an informal open session with residents to discuss reinvestment zones after a second data center proposal was introduced at a commissioners court meeting; residents questioned whether another data center was necessary.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/shackleford-county-judge-invites-residents-to-discuss-reinvestment-zones-informally" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "kind": "protest", "summary": "County Judge John Viertel acknowledged community backlash against the second proposed data center, stating 'the overall view is resistance' and that residents prioritize cultural preservation over economic benefits; water supply was cited as the most prominent concern.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/shackelford-county-judge-responds-to-backlash-over-second-proposed-data-center" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "kind": "hearing", "summary": "A town hall was held at Albany High School for community input on a second data center proposed by Bolt Data and Energy at Buck Nail Ranch, about 16 miles west of Albany; the company had not disclosed the project's size, water demand, or job count, and commissioners had not approved the project.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/second-data-center-proposed-west-of-albany-draws-mixed-reactions-in-shackelford-county" }, { "date": "2026-08-14", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KTXS reported mixed community reactions to the second proposed data center; resident Blaine Kayga said 'there's just way more negatives than there are positives,' citing traffic and safety issues from existing data center construction, while others noted potential employment benefits.", "source": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/second-data-center-proposed-west-of-albany-draws-mixed-reactions-in-shackelford-county" } ] }, { "id": "openai-stargate-wisconsin", "name": "OpenAI Stargate Wisconsin", "operator": "Oracle", "owner": "Oracle", "tenant": "OpenAI", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Port Washington", "state": "WI", "lat": 43.39, "lon": -87.87, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "Part of Stargate.", "source": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/port-washington-wisconsin", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2025-01-21", "kind": "rezoning", "summary": "Port Washington's Common Council took up annexing and rezoning roughly one-third of the 1,900-acre project site from the Town of Port Washington for a data center then tied to Houston developer Cloverleaf, with town board and council meetings held that day on about 2,000 acres (~17% of the town).", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/port-washington-weighs-whether-city-190616475.html" }, { "date": "2025-06-11", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "Vantage Data Centers was identified as the operator for Port Washington's proposed data center campus, described as a 3.5-gigawatt project with a 1.3-gigawatt first phase targeted for 2027.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/vantage-identified-operator-port-washingtons-143905168.html" }, { "date": "2025-07-18", "kind": "filing", "summary": "A Vantage official expressed concern in an email about the Wisconsin DNR's position that a full Environmental Impact Statement would be required for the Port Washington data center, according to records later cited in litigation.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/lawsuit-wisconsin-dnr-environmental-review-port-washington-data-centers" }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "kind": "vote", "summary": "The Port Washington Common Council unanimously approved a development agreement with Vantage Data Centers for an $8 billion, four-building data center campus and approved annexing nearly 700 more acres, bringing the total annexed to 1,315 of the 1,900-acre site.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/wisconsin-city-approves-development-data-center" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "kind": "filing", "summary": "A Vantage official texted the Port Washington mayor about the governor's office questioning why an Environmental Impact Statement would 'kill the project,' according to records cited in the Sierra Club/MEA lawsuit.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/lawsuit-wisconsin-dnr-environmental-review-port-washington-data-centers" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "kind": "announcement", "summary": "OpenAI, Oracle and Vantage Data Centers announced the 'Lighthouse' Stargate data center campus in Port Washington: a $15 billion investment for four data centers on 672 acres delivering close to a gigawatt of AI capacity, with a minimum $175 million in regional infrastructure upgrades and completion scheduled for 2028.", "source": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/openai-oracle-and-vantage-data-centers-announce-stargate-data-center-site-in-wisconsin/" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Three members of the opposition group Great Lakes Neighbors United were arrested at a Port Washington city council meeting in December 2025, according to later reporting.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/community-challenges-port-washingtons-data-center-tid-court" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Vantage held a groundbreaking ceremony marking the start of construction on the $15 billion Lighthouse data center campus in Port Washington, with the first phase to be completed in 2028.", "source": "https://dailyreporter.com/2025/12/18/15-billion-vantage-data-center-breaks-ground-in-port-washington/" }, { "date": "2026-01-29", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "The Metropolitan Milwaukee Association of Commerce (MMAC) sued the City of Port Washington seeking an injunction to block an April referendum that would require voter approval for TID-financed projects exceeding $10 million.", "source": "https://biztimes.com/mmac-sues-city-of-port-washington-over-referendum-related-to-tid-financing/" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Great Lakes Neighbors United's lawsuit challenging the city's tax incremental district was reported, contending the TID provides property tax reimbursement and interest payments to the developer totaling more than $458 million over 18 years; the city moved to dismiss.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/community-challenges-port-washingtons-data-center-tid-court" }, { "date": "2026-02-16", "kind": "withdrawal", "summary": "A recall petition against Port Washington Mayor Ted Neitzke, organized by Great Lakes Neighbors United, was submitted by the February 16 deadline but the city's initial review found it fell several hundred signatures short of the roughly 1,600-1,800 required.", "source": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/anti-data-center-groups-recall-003232197.html" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "kind": "ruling", "summary": "A court denied MMAC's request to halt the Port Washington tax-incentive referendum, allowing the April ballot measure to proceed.", "source": "https://dailyreporter.com/2026/02/24/mmac-request-to-halt-a-tax-incentive-referendum-in-port-washington-denied/" }, { "date": "2026-03-15", "kind": "protest", "summary": "Port Washington neighbors pushed back on 24-hour weekday construction at Vantage's Lighthouse campus, submitting a 100-person petition to restore original hours and citing round-the-clock work lights and backup beeping, with the Planning Commission set to take up the issue.", "source": "https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2026/03/15/neighbors-push-back-on-24-hour-data-center-work-in-port-washington/" }, { "date": "2026-04-08", "kind": "vote", "summary": "Port Washington voters passed a referendum with 66% approval requiring voter approval before the city grants tax incentives exceeding $10 million to developers; organizers said the measure does not affect the current Vantage deal but restricts future data center tax breaks.", "source": "https://www.foxnews.com/media/wisconsin-town-becomes-first-nation-pass-referendum-restricting-ai-data-center-development" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "kind": "permit", "summary": "The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources issued permits for the Vantage Port Washington data center project without preparing a full Environmental Impact Statement.", "source": "https://www.wpr.org/news/lawsuit-wisconsin-dnr-environmental-review-port-washington-data-centers" }, { "date": "2026-07-10", "kind": "lawsuit", "summary": "Midwest Environmental Advocates, on behalf of Sierra Club Wisconsin, sued the Wisconsin DNR in Ozaukee County Circuit Court, alleging the agency violated the Wisconsin Environmental Policy Act by issuing permits for the data center without a full Environmental Impact Statement.", "source": "https://www.sierraclub.org/press-releases/2026/07/sierra-club-wisconsin-and-mea-file-lawsuit-after-state-regulators-abandon" } ] }, { "id": "qts-eagle-mountain", "name": "QTS Eagle Mountain", "operator": "", "owner": "", "tenant": "Meta", "filing_llc": "", "locality": "Eagle Mountain", "state": "UT", "lat": 40.31, "lon": -112.01, "size_mw": "", "acres": "", "announced": "", "rezoning_filed": "", "hearing_date": "", "decided_date": "", "outcome": "", "stage": "Rumored", "days_to_hearing": null, "note": "", "source": "https://q.com/data-centers/eagle-mountain/", "as_of": "2026-08-14", "verified": true, "events": [ { "date": "2024-10-29", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Eagle Mountain City announced QTS had broken ground on a new data center campus situated west of the existing Meta facility, calling it a significant economic development win.", "source": "https://eaglemountain.gov/qts-begins-construction-on-new-datacenter-campus-in-eagle-mountain/" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "kind": "construction", "summary": "Eagle Mountain City reported that construction on the QTS data center campus had resumed after a brief delay to ensure the necessary energy infrastructure and resources were in place, citing an expected 2,000-3,000 temporary construction jobs and 100-200 permanent positions.", "source": "https://eaglemountain.gov/construction-restarts-on-qts-data-center-in-eagle-mountain/" }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "kind": "construction", "summary": "QTS and Layton Construction held a topping-out ceremony after placing the final structural beam on the first phase's third building, attended by about 2,000 construction workers.", "source": "https://eaglemountain.gov/eagle-mountain-city-celebrates-major-milestone-with-qts-topping-out-ceremony/" }, { "date": "2026-04-20", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "A news report detailed the project: a 193-acre campus with an initial three buildings of 579,000-592,000 square feet each, backed by a $6 billion QTS investment, with a closed-loop cooling system needing only an initial water fill with no additional draw for cooling once operational.", "source": "https://www.standard.net/news/2026/apr/20/eagle-mountain-193-acre-data-center-campus-is-set-to-be-done-this-year-with-big-water-promises/" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "kind": "coverage", "summary": "KUTV reported that Utah House Bill 76, passed earlier in 2026, now requires large data centers to report water consumption, but the law applies only to facilities that become operational after July 2026 — potentially exempting already-approved projects.", "source": "https://kutv.com/news/utah-water/questions-grow-over-water-use-at-massive-qts-data-center-in-eagle-mountain" } ] } ] }