Where every U.S. senator stands on AI data centers

Tommy Tuberville (Republican) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Mixed — Tuberville, running for Alabama governor, has defended data centers and attributed local opposition to Chinese social-media influence, and in a September 2026 op-ed said local communities should decide whether to host one, data centers should sit in Alabama's highest property-tax bracket and pay the full cost of transmission, substations and water systems, and he would freeze Alabama Power rates. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Campaigning at an Alabama Sheriffs Association event, said opponents "are listening to all this nonsense they see on social media that's coming from China because China does not want us to grow," called environmental and noise objections "bull crap," and touted data center tax revenue for schools and law enforcement. (2026-07-14 — WBRC)
• Statement Op-ed "My game plan for data centers": "Local communities will decide whether a data center is right for them"; data centers go in "Alabama's highest property-tax bracket" with no abatements; companies must "pay the total cost of the transmission lines, substations and water systems" they need; pledges to freeze Alabama Power rates through 2029 and beyond. (2026-09-01 — Alabama Political Reporter (Tuberville op-ed))

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Katie Boyd Britt (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Guardrails — Britt co-sponsors the Advancing Water Reuse Act (S. 3585) with Sen. Luján, which would create a 30% tax credit for on-site water recycling including at data centers; says siting decisions belong at the local level, opposes both a moratorium and "a data center on every corner," and wants the Trump administration's voluntary Ratepayer Protection Pledge turned into law. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced the Advancing Water Reuse Act (S. 3585) with Sen. Ben Ray Luján (D-NM): a tax credit for on-site water recycling at "manufacturing, food processing, and other industrial entities, including data center facilities"; Britt's statement cites water demand from "advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and other growth industries." (2026-05-13 — Sen. Luján press release (joint with Britt))
• Statement Said data center decisions "need to be made on a local level," that communities that reject a proposal "shouldn't be forced" to proceed, and that neither "a data center on every corner" nor "a full moratorium" is the right avenue; backs the White House Ratepayer Protection Pledge. (2026-08-20 — Alabama Daily News)
• Statement Defended the Trump administration's nonbinding Ratepayer Protection Pledge as "an outstanding first step to protecting Alabamians and ratepayers," and said communities should weigh "the amount of power that's taken" against tax revenue. (2026-09-01 — Alabama Political Reporter)
• Statement Told Semafor she would "love to see" the Ratepayer Protection Pledge "turned into law," and that "we do not need a national moratorium, and we do not need a data center on every corner." (2026-09-04 — Semafor)

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Lisa Murkowski (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Mixed — Murkowski co-introduced the 2024 Department of Energy AI Act, which directs DOE to study the growth of computing data centers and their electrical load; no 2025-2026 statement on data center siting, cost or water was located. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced the Department of Energy AI Act with Sen. Joe Manchin; the bill directs DOE to "study the growth of computing data centers and the electrical power load." Her quoted remarks concern AI for science and permitting, not data centers. (2024-07-10 — Sen. Murkowski press release)

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Dan Sullivan (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Accelerate — Sullivan told the Alaska Legislature in February 2026 he is pressing for federal AI data centers on Air Force bases in Alaska, and in August 2026 said a rumored Navy data center at Spruce Cape, Kodiak, would be "a bad idea" he would work to stop. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement In his annual address to the Alaska Legislature, said he is pressing for "new federal data centers on Air Force bases in Alaska for AI computing," which he said would help the military, raise domestic demand for Alaska gas and lower the cost of building and financing the gas pipeline; noted the Air Force had issued a request for information on Alaska data centers the day before at his urging. (2026-02-18 — Sen. Sullivan press release (address to Legislature))
• Statement Asked in Kodiak about a rumored Navy data center at the Naval Special Warfare detachment on Spruce Cape, said "I had never heard of that issue until last week," "I think it's a rumor," and "if it's true, I think it's a bad idea and I will work to stop it." (2026-08-12 — Kodiak Daily Mirror)

2026 campaign record Accelerate — Pushed to site data centers on Air Force and other military installations. Record read 2026-08-25.

• Petitioned to place data centers on Air Force and military installations. (2026 — source)

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B Mark Kelly (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented action: Co-signed a letter asking FERC to convene a technical conference on data-center load and affordable rates; previewed legislation to bring communities into siting with enforceable commitments. — Sen. Van Hollen & colleagues call on FERC to ensure affordable service amid data-center demand (2025)

Documented record Guardrails — Kelly signed a February 2025 letter asking FERC to convene a technical conference on data center load and affordable rates, released an "AI for America" roadmap in September 2025 proposing an industry-funded AI Horizon Fund partly to keep electricity costs off households, and in March 2026 previewed legislation to bring communities into data center siting with enforceable commitments and utility-rate protections. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Co-signed a letter (with Sens. Van Hollen, Booker and Kaine) asking FERC to "host a technical conference" on ensuring sufficient new generation for data center demand while keeping rates affordable and respecting state energy policy. (2025-02-14 — Sen. Van Hollen press release)
• Statement Released the "AI for America" roadmap, noting data center power use could reach up to 12% of national electricity demand and proposing an AI Horizon Fund financed by AI companies; "As AI companies thrive, they must be good partners and invest in our workers, our economy, and our energy future." (2025-09-17 — Sen. Kelly press release)
• Statement At the American AI Festival previewed unnamed legislation to "Bring developers and communities together at the beginning to work through the details—what a project means for energy, water, infrastructure, and jobs—and put real commitments on the table," with public input, enforceable agreements, local hiring and utility-rate protections. (2026-03-27 — Sen. Kelly press release)

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Ruben Gallego (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Guardrails — Gallego calls data centers a "necessary evil" for AI competition but says residents "should be held harmless" on electricity bills, backs rolling back Arizona's data center tax exemption, and in December 2025 said a hyperscaler drawing heavy load should pay the differential rather than residents and small businesses. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement On the Volts podcast discussing his energy plan, said that if data centers strain the grid "the resident and the small business owner should not be having to pay the differential caused by these companies," that legislation should ensure "the individual consumer will be held harmless" while the large-load customer pays the difference, and that data centers should "bring your own energy" such as SMRs rather than restarting old coal or gas plants. (2025-12-17 — Volts (David Roberts) podcast transcript)
• Statement Announcing his energy plan, said utilities are mostly regulated at the state and local level but the "federal government can invest in technology to divert energy from data centers during lulls in demand." (2025-12-04 — AZPM)
• Statement Told reporters in Phoenix data centers are a "necessary evil" for the AI race but "Your local resident should be held harmless. We shouldn't be paying more in electricity bills because data centers are here"; called for rolling back Arizona's 2013 data center tax exemption, said some data centers "end up paying, on average, less than some of the homeowners who are right next to them," and "I fear that we may not have enough water and we may not have enough power generation to be able to hold harmless everyone else." (2026-05-07 — Phoenix New Times)
• Action Co-leads (with Padilla, Hickenlooper, Cortez Masto, King) a draft Senate Energy Democrats transmission bill expanding FERC transmission authority; the senators' release does not mention data centers, though press coverage frames it as addressing AI data center demand. (2026-03-25 — Sen. Padilla press release)

Reach them: site · 202-224-4521

John Boozman (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Accelerate — At a January 2026 EPW permitting-reform hearing Boozman cited the multi-billion-dollar West Memphis data center as an investment Arkansas landed because of "a reliable, affordable, and an all-the-above energy supply"; no position on who pays for data center power was located. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement At a Senate Environment and Public Works hearing on permitting reform, highlighted AI and cloud investments including the West Memphis data center and said "Arkansas was able to land these investments in part because of a reliable, affordable, and an all-the-above energy supply, including solar energy," backing permitting reform. (2026-01-29 — Sen. Boozman press release (EPW hearing))

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Tom Cotton (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Mixed — Cotton introduced the DATA Act of 2026 to let data centers and other energy-intensive industries build off-grid electricity systems exempt from certain Federal Power Act regulation so their load does not raise Arkansans' bills, and in June 2026 asked DOJ to investigate alleged Chinese-backed funding of opposition to data center development while acknowledging residents' cost and resource concerns are valid. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced the DATA Act of 2026, which would exempt new isolated electricity generation and supply systems built to serve new loads (manufacturers, data centers and other energy-intensive industries) from certain federal regulation so they can operate independent of the existing grid. Cotton: "American dominance in artificial intelligence and other crucial emerging industries should not come at the expense of Arkansans paying higher energy costs." (2026-01-08 — Sen. Cotton press release)
• Action Wrote Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche asking DOJ to investigate alleged Chinese Communist Party-linked funding of U.S. nonprofits producing anti-data-center content, while stating "Americans certainly have valid concerns about potential rising energy costs and strains on natural resources related to data centers" but "we can't allow any effort by foreign adversaries to extort these fears and undermine our technological development." (2026-06-10 — Sen. Cotton press release)

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Alex Padilla (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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A Adam B. Schiff (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Introduced the Energy Cost Fairness and Reliability Act: large loads such as data centers pay 100% of the grid upgrades needed to serve them and bring their own generation before connecting. — Sen. Schiff unveils Energy Cost Fairness and Reliability Act (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Co-signed a November 2025 letter to FERC on data center rate hikes, then introduced the Energy Cost Fairness and Reliability Act in May 2026 to make large-load facilities pay 100% of the grid upgrades needed to serve them, show demand flexibility and bring their own generation before connecting. Record read 2026-09-11.

• Action Introduced the Energy Cost Fairness and Reliability Act: large-load facilities pay 100% of network upgrade costs, must demonstrate demand flexibility and provide their own power to interconnect, FERC to enable non-firm transmission service, and stronger interconnection screening against speculative projects. Schiff: "Hard-working Americans should not be left to foot the tab for rising energy costs. There needs to be guardrails that protect Americans' pocketbooks." (2026-05-18 — Sen. Schiff press release)
• Action Co-signed letter with Sens. Markey, Van Hollen, Warren, Welch, Blumenthal and Warnock to FERC Chair Laura Swett urging the agency to ensure increased energy demand from data centers does not result in unjust or unreasonable rate hikes for American households. (2025-11-17 — Sen. Schiff press release)

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Michael F. Bennet (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Guardrails — Bennet's campaign for Colorado governor commits to requiring new data centers to cover the cost of the energy they use and help finance the infrastructure they need, and to align with state clean-energy and water-conservation goals; as a senator he co-signed an October 2025 letter to DOE noting AI and data centers are driving energy demand. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Campaign energy platform: "Massive energy users like data centers shouldn't drive up utility bills for Colorado families"; would "require new data centers to cover the cost of the energy they consume and to help finance the infrastructure they need," and require new projects to align with Colorado's clean energy, emissions, water conservation and workforce goals. (2026 — Bennet for Governor campaign site)
• Action Co-signed (with Hickenlooper and four House members) a letter to Energy Secretary Wright on cancelled Colorado energy projects stating: "In an era where artificial intelligence and data centers are driving a rise in energy demand, we must meet these challenges by investing in responsible and affordable energy solutions, rather than destabilizing them." (2025-10-14 — Sen. Hickenlooper press release)

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John W. Hickenlooper (Democratic) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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A Richard Blumenthal (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented action: Co-introduced the GRID Act to stop data centers from raising Americans' electricity costs. — Sens. Hawley & Blumenthal — GRID Act to stop data centers raising electric bills (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Beyond the GRID Act, Blumenthal joined Warren and Van Hollen in December 2025 letters asking Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta and others whether data center costs are being passed to ratepayers, and in March 2026 as PSI ranking member wrote all 50 state utility regulators seeking records on NDAs that hide data centers' energy and water use. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action With Sens. Warren and Van Hollen, sent letters to Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta and three other companies probing whether "tech companies are passing on the costs of building and operating their data centers to ordinary Americans," including who bears grid-upgrade costs if the AI boom subsides. (2025-12-16 — Sen. Warren press office (in the news))
• Action As Ranking Member of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, wrote public utility regulators in all 50 states requesting documents on non-disclosure agreements or other restrictions that keep data centers' energy use, water access, infrastructure strain and economic effects from public view: "American families deserve full transparency over Big Tech's expansion of data centers across the country and in their communities." (2026-03-31 — Sen. Blumenthal press release)

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Christopher Murphy (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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Christopher A. Coons (Democratic) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Mixed — Coons introduced the Liquid Cooling for AI Act with Sen. McCormick in November 2025, directing GAO and DOE to assess liquid cooling to cut data centers' electricity and water use, saying AI leadership "shouldn't have to mean skyrocketing energy bills for American families." Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced the Liquid Cooling for AI Act (with Sen. Dave McCormick): GAO to assess R&D needs for liquid cooling in data centers, DOE to report recommendations, and an industry advisory body; the release cites LBNL's finding that data centers used 4.4% of U.S. electricity in 2023 and could reach 12.8% by 2028. Coons: "Leading the world in AI innovation shouldn't have to mean skyrocketing energy bills for American families or giving up ground in the fight against climate change." (2025-11-20 — Sen. Coons press release)

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Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · 202-224-2441

A Rick Scott (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Introduced, with Marshall, a resolution endorsing the Ratepayer Protection Pledge: tech companies pay their own electricity and grid-infrastructure costs. — Sens. Rick Scott & Marshall introduce resolution supporting the Ratepayer Protection Pledge (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Scott introduced a concurrent resolution (S.Con.Res.30) with Sen. Marshall endorsing the Trump administration's Ratepayer Protection Pledge, saying data centers are "already putting a substantial financial burden on American families" and Florida families should not support Big Tech's expansion "with their electricity bills." Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced, with Sen. Roger Marshall, a concurrent resolution expressing the sense of Congress that the Ratepayer Protection Pledge — under which tech companies commit to cover their own electricity and grid-infrastructure costs — is sound national policy. Scott: "Big Data centers are already putting a substantial financial burden on American families... Florida families shouldn't be supporting Big Tech companies' expansions with their electricity bills." (2026-04-02 — Sen. Rick Scott press release)

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Ashley Moody (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · 202-224-3041

B Jon Ossoff (Democratic) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Launched an investigation into data centers' impact on Georgians' power bills. — Sen. Ossoff investigates Georgia data centers' impact on power bills (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Ossoff's April 2026 letter to FERC Chair Laura Swett asked how the agency will ensure tech companies "pay their own way" and what it will do if data center construction raises utility costs beyond forecasts, with a response requested by June 1, 2026. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Sent a letter to FERC Chairman Laura Swett opening an inquiry into whether AI data center growth is raising Georgians' power bills, asking how FERC will ensure technology companies "pay their own way" and what it will do if data center construction raises utility costs beyond predictions; cited the Georgia PSC's December 2025 approval of 9,885 MW of new Georgia Power generation for large loads and said Georgians are "suffering from sky-high power bills." Response requested by June 1, 2026. Georgia PSC commissioners publicly disputed the premise. (2026-04-20 — CBS News Atlanta)

2026 campaign record Guardrails — Asked FERC to examine what AI server load is doing to power bills. Record read 2026-08-25.

• Sent a letter to FERC probing the impact of AI servers on electricity bills. (2026-04 — source)

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A Raphael G. Warnock (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented action: Led a letter to FERC to shield households from data-center costs, secured $50M for communities facing data-center energy and water demands, and called for a Georgia data-center pause. — Sens. Warnock & Markey push FERC to shield Americans from data-center energy costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Warnock led a January 2026 letter to FERC to shield households from data center costs, secured $50 million in FY2026 appropriations for communities facing data center energy and water demands, asked EPA in July 2026 for water-protection guidance for towns negotiating with data center developers, and in August 2026 called for a Georgia data center moratorium unless residents' bills, pollution, NDAs and tax giveaways are addressed. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action With Sen. Markey and five other senators, wrote FERC Chair Laura Swett urging the commission to prevent data center demand from producing unjust or unreasonable electricity cost increases for households, warning AI and crypto data centers could add over 10,000 MW of demand with costs passed to residential ratepayers. (2026-01-05 — Sen. Warnock press release)
• Action Secured $50 million in the FY2026 government funding law to help communities address energy and water pressures from resource-intensive projects including data centers: "This bipartisan legislation will help give Georgians and Americans relief from the energy and water pressures of new resource-intensive projects." (2026-01-16 — Sen. Warnock press release)
• Action Wrote EPA Administrator Zeldin requesting best-practice guidance for communities protecting water supplies from data center expansion, with a written response and briefing within four weeks: "Small, rural communities have been left to negotiate on their own with multi-million-dollar corporations whose well-staffed legal teams may negotiate dozens of deals at a time." Cited OpenAI's Effingham County project and 24 Georgia local moratoria. (2026-07-23 — Sen. Warnock press release)
• Statement Speaking in Guyton near OpenAI's proposed Effingham County site, called for a data center pause in Georgia — "In the absence of Congress not getting its act together and putting some common-sense guardrails in place, local communities and states find themselves in a race to the bottom" — with conditions: no increase in residents' water or electric bills, no water/air/noise/light pollution, no NDAs, no "sweetheart tax giveaways"; "This is not OpenAI County — this is Effingham County." (2026-08-28 — The Current (Georgia))

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Brian Schatz (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Guardrails — Schatz has said on the Senate floor that AI data centers are the main driver of rising electricity demand, and in a December 2025 interview agreed that data centers should fund distributed solar and storage on homes in exchange for grid capacity. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Senate floor remarks: 'Energy demand is soaring for the first time in decades, largely not exclusively, but largely because of AI data centers,' arguing wind and solar are the fastest way to meet that demand; no position on who pays. (2025-06-29 — Sen. Schatz press release (floor remarks))
• Statement In an interview on the Volts podcast, agreed ('100%') with the proposal that data centers needing grid capacity should fund distributed solar, storage and heat pumps on homes, and said it would be 'a rounding error' for highly profitable AI firms to also fund carbon dioxide removal. (2025-12-31 — Volts (David Roberts) interview transcript)

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Mazie K. Hirono (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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Mike Crapo (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Accelerate — Crapo issued a statement welcoming Meta's Kuna, Idaho data center as a step for job growth when it was announced in 2022. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Statement in the Idaho Commerce announcement of Meta's $800 million Kuna data center: 'This is a promising step for job growth and opportunities in the community,' noting the center is expected to be supported by renewable energy. (2022-02-16 — Idaho Department of Commerce press release)

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James E. Risch (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Accelerate — Risch welcomed Meta's Kuna data center in 2022 as a source of jobs and in 2026 co-introduced the ARC Act, a nuclear cost-overrun program his office promotes as answering data-center-driven power demand. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Statement in the Idaho Commerce announcement of Meta's Kuna data center: 'The creation of new jobs is of utmost importance in a community growing as rapidly as the Treasure Valley,' saying the center 'will provide hardworking Idahoans with good-paying jobs.' (2022-02-16 — Idaho Department of Commerce press release)

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A Richard J. Durbin (Democratic) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Cosponsored the Power for the People Act and introduced the Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act (S. 4213). — Sen. Durbin introduces the Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — In March 2026 Durbin introduced the Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act (S. 4213), requiring data centers to report energy and water use to states and federal agencies. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced the Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act (S. 4213), requiring data center operators to report energy and water consumption to their states, prospective facilities to report five-year estimates, and states to aggregate the data for EPA, DOE and USDA, with EPA fines for non-compliance. Durbin: 'If you've noticed a sharp increase in your utility bills lately, it may be from the growth of energy-hungry data centers.' (2026-03-25 — Sen. Durbin press release)

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A Tammy Duckworth (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented action: Cosponsored the Power for the People Act, making data-center operators pay the grid costs they create. — Sen. Welch joins bill so Americans aren't footing big data-center costs (2026)

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Todd Young (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · contact · 202-224-5623

Jim Banks (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · 202-224-4814

Chuck Grassley (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Guardrails — Asked about data centers at a June 2026 employee Q&A in Sioux City, Grassley said siting is a state and local decision and Congress is not acting on it. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement At a Q&A with Chesterman Company employees in Sioux City, asked about data centers, Grassley said 'These are state and local decisions to make,' and discussed their positives and negatives and possible legislation on their construction. (2026-06-30 — Moville Record / nwestiowa.com)

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Joni Ernst (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · contact · 202-224-3254

Jerry Moran (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · contact · 202-224-6521

A Roger Marshall (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Introduced a resolution backing the Ratepayer Protection Pledge — tech companies pay their own grid costs — and opposes tax incentives for data centers. — Sen. Marshall applauds expansion of the Ratepayer Protection Pledge (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Marshall introduced a Senate resolution backing the Ratepayer Protection Pledge, has said Kansans should not pay higher bills for data centers, opposes tax incentives for them, and supports the county moratoriums in Kansas. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced with Sen. Rick Scott a concurrent resolution supporting the Ratepayer Protection Pledge, under which tech companies commit to pay their own electricity and grid-infrastructure costs. Marshall: 'Kansans shouldn't have to pay higher utility bills so that big tech companies can power their data centers.' (2026-04-02 — Sen. Rick Scott press release (joint with Marshall))
• Statement At Semafor's World of Work event, said he does not want tax incentives for data centers or for them to 'drive up other people's electricity costs,' pointed to higher rates near Panasonic's Kansas plant as a warning, and said of Kansas counties' moratoriums: 'I certainly support their moratoriums,' adding those decisions belong at the local level. (2026-07-22 — Semafor)
• Statement Press release applauding the expansion of the Ratepayer Protection Pledge: 'I've heard from Kansans who are concerned that infrastructure costs for data centers could be pushed onto households, small businesses, schools, hospitals, and farms.' (2026-07-24 — Sen. Marshall press release)
• Statement Quoted in a KSHB voter guide ahead of the August 4, 2026 Kansas primary: 'Kansas isn't going to hand over our land, water, or power grid to Big Tech companies that turn a profit while local families foot the bill with taxpayer giveaways.' (2026-07 — KSHB 41 Kansas City)

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Mitch McConnell (Republican) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · contact · 202-224-2541

Rand Paul (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Guardrails — Paul has said neither the federal government nor the governor should regulate where data centers go and that each county should decide for itself. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement During a visit to Fort Knox, on data center siting: 'I don't think the federal government should regulate where data centers are placed or built, nor do I think the governor should. Each county should make this decision at the most local level.' He added that counties with a large tax base might not want one while poorer counties might. (2026-08-11 — The News-Enterprise (Elizabethtown, KY))

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Bill Cassidy (Republican) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Accelerate — Cassidy has praised Meta's Richland Parish data center for raising the local tax base and teacher pay. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Quoted praising Meta's Richland Parish data center: 'Economic growth increases the tax base and sales tax revenue' and 'Teacher bonuses there are up to $50,000 this year.' (2026-08-23 — Washington Post (syndicated on Yahoo News))

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John Kennedy (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2028

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · contact · 202-224-4623

Susan M. Collins (Republican) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Mixed — Says data-center projects should be judged case by case, shares concern about their energy draw and cost pressure, and has favored siting them at former mill sites with hydropower. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Told the Bangor Daily News data-center projects should be handled case by case, favoring former mill sites because "there is usually hydropower right there," while saying "I do share the concern of data centers gobbling up too much energy and putting stress on the cost of energy." (2026-08-19 — Bangor Daily News)
• Statement Joined Sen. King at the Millinocket celebration welcoming Nautilus Data Technologies' water-cooled, hydro-powered data center to the former Great Northern Paper mill site, calling it "one of the greenest facilities in the world." (2021-06-05 — Sen. King press release)

2026 campaign record Mixed — Says she shares concerns about data-center energy use and cost pressure, while attributing Maine's rate increases to state Democratic leadership. Record read 2026-08-25.

• Voiced concern about data-center energy consumption and cost pressure and toured redevelopment sites with Energy Secretary Chris Wright, while blaming rising rates on Democratic state leaders. (2026 — source)

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Angus S. King, Jr. (Independent) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Accelerate — Has welcomed hydro-powered data-center projects at former Maine mill sites but has no located 2025-2026 bill, letter, or statement on data-center energy costs or siting. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Joined Sen. Collins at the Millinocket celebration welcoming Nautilus Data Technologies' water-cooled, 100% hydro-powered data center to the former Great Northern Paper mill site, saying "sustainable projects like this are the blueprint for Maine's future" and "create good jobs that strengthen our communities." (2021-06-05 — Sen. King press release)

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A Chris Van Hollen (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented action: Co-led the Power for the People Act with Welch: data-center operators pay the infrastructure and energy costs they create instead of ratepayers. — Sen. Welch joins bill so Americans aren't footing big data-center costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Beyond the Power for the People Act, Van Hollen co-led the Warren investigation into Big Tech data center costs, a NARUC letter on ratepayer protection, a probe of gas-powered data center plans, and the Maryland delegation's FERC letter. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action With Sens. Warren and Blumenthal, sent letters to Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta, CoreWeave, Digital Realty and Equinix asking how they will prevent data center grid costs from being passed to consumers. (2025-12-16 — Sen. Warren press release (joint))
• Action Signed the Markey-led letter to the president of NARUC urging state utility commissions to reject rate filings that shift data center costs onto households and small businesses. (2026-03-06 — Sen. Markey press release (joint))
• Statement At a Maryland delegation meeting on energy affordability: 'the surge of data center development across our region is only making things worse' and 'Consumers should not have to pay one dime in additional electricity costs to support data centers for the richest companies on the planet.' (2026-03-12 — Sen. Van Hollen press release)
• Action With Sens. Whitehouse and Heinrich, sent letters to Meta, OpenAI, xAI, Fermi America, American Intelligence & Power, Joule, Crusoe and Fundamental Data about twelve planned gas-powered data center projects, asking why they rely on gas, whether they will capture CO2, and their expected returns; responses due March 27. (2026-03-13 — Sen. Van Hollen press release)
• Action Signed, with Sen. Alsobrooks and seven Maryland House members, a letter urging FERC to relieve Maryland ratepayers of transmission costs assigned for out-of-state data center demand and to require PJM to adopt stronger protections. (2026-07-28 — Rep. April McClain Delaney press release (joint delegation letter))

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A Angela D. Alsobrooks (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Cosponsored the Power for the People Act, making data-center operators pay the grid costs they create. — Sen. Welch joins bill so Americans aren't footing big data-center costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Alsobrooks joined the Maryland delegation's July 2026 letter urging FERC to relieve Maryland ratepayers of transmission costs driven by out-of-state data centers. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Signed, with Sen. Van Hollen and seven Maryland House members, a letter urging FERC to act quickly on the Maryland Office of People's Counsel complaint and to require PJM to protect Maryland ratepayers from transmission costs assigned to them for out-of-state data center demand. (2026-07-28 — Rep. April McClain Delaney press release (joint delegation letter))

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A Elizabeth Warren (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Opened an investigation into whether Big Tech data centers raise families' utility bills and, with Hawley, secured mandatory EIA energy-use reporting for data centers. — Sen. Warren — investigation into Big Tech data centers' role in utility costs (2025)

Documented record Guardrails — Warren opened an investigation into whether Big Tech data centers are raising families' utility bills, pushed EIA with Sen. Hawley to require mandatory data center energy reporting, and probed private equity firms' data center investments. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action With Sens. Van Hollen and Blumenthal, sent letters to Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta, CoreWeave, Digital Realty and Equinix asking how they will keep data center grid costs off consumers' bills. Warren: 'Through these utility price increases, American families bankroll the electricity costs of trillion-dollar tech companies.' (2025-12-16 — Sen. Warren press release)
• Action Released the companies' responses: Google committed to pay for all electricity it uses and contribute to growth-related costs; Microsoft, CoreWeave and Equinix backed separate rate classes for data centers. Warren: 'These commitments do not explain how Big Tech companies – not American consumers – will bear the full cost of data centers.' (2026-01-22 — Sen. Warren press release)
• Action With Sen. Hawley, wrote to the EIA administrator in March 2026 asking for a mandatory annual energy-use survey of data centers and other large loads; EIA then announced a mandatory data center survey to be completed by September 30, 2026. Warren: 'Americans deserve to know how much energy data centers are sucking up and what that's doing to their utility bills.' (2026-04-15 — Sen. Warren press release)
• Action Sent letters to KKR, BlackRock, Brookfield Infrastructure Partners and Blackstone asking for details of their data center investments and how they ensure Americans are not left paying for them, with responses due June 27. (2026-06-15 — Senate Banking Committee (minority) press release)

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A Edward J. Markey (Democratic) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Led letters to ISO New England and to NARUC on shielding ratepayers from data-center costs; released a draft bill requiring a federal public-interest certificate before a data center is permitted. — Sen. Markey — discussion draft, Protecting Communities from Data Center Impacts Act (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Markey has released a discussion draft requiring federal certification of data centers, reintroduced the AI Environmental Impacts Act, and led letters to ISO New England and state utility regulators asking them to shield ratepayers from data center costs. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Led a letter from six New England senators to ISO New England asking how it will protect residential ratepayers from price increases driven by data center expansion. Markey: 'As the ones who stand to benefit most, the multi-billion-dollar AI industry should be responsible for these costs.' (2026-01-28 — Sen. Markey press release)
• Action Led a letter with Sens. Blumenthal, Van Hollen and Booker to the president of NARUC urging state utility commissions to reject rate filings that shift data center costs onto households and small businesses. (2026-03-06 — Sen. Markey press release)
• Action Reintroduced with Rep. Beyer the AI Environmental Impacts Act of 2026, requiring AI data centers to report environmental and energy impacts with fines for non-compliance, NIST measurement standards, and an EPA lifecycle study. (2026-06-09 — Sen. Markey press release)
• Action Released a discussion draft of the Protecting Communities from Data Center Impacts Act, which would require a federal public-interest certificate before a data center is permitted, set minimum energy, environmental and economic standards, and fund community monitoring grants. Markey: 'Communities are organizing and demanding action to protect their air, water, energy bills, and quality of life from the tsunami of data centers around the country.' (2026-07-13 — Sen. Markey press release)

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Gary C. Peters (Democratic) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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Elissa Slotkin (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · 202-224-4822

Amy Klobuchar (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Guardrails — Campaigning for governor, says data centers raise rates and have hurt the environment, calls for local control, transparency, and environmental standards, and backs Minnesota's 2025 law making data centers pay their full energy costs. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement In a KFGO interview during her run for governor said data centers "cause people's rates to go up, they have hurt the environment, and that just can't keep happening," criticized non-disclosure agreements keeping projects "in the dark," and called for local control over siting decisions. (2026-08-12 — KFGO)
• Statement Through spokesman Darwin Forsyth, said she "supports robust environmental standards for any proposed data centers as well as greater transparency and local control over decisions to build," called Minnesota's 2025 law requiring data centers to pay the full cost of their energy use "a good start," and said her focus would be protecting Minnesotans' energy bills and water; she did not answer questions on local moratoriums or NDAs. (2026-08-03 — Hometown Source (Minnesota Reformer syndication))

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A Tina Smith (Democratic) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Cosponsored the Power for the People Act, making data-center operators pay the grid costs they create. — Sen. Welch joins bill so Americans aren't footing big data-center costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Cosponsors the Power for the People Act, which would require data-center operators rather than consumers to pay for the energy infrastructure they need. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Named as an original cosponsor of Sen. Van Hollen's Power for the People Act, which directs states to evaluate data-center rate classes, instructs FERC to ensure data centers pay for local transmission upgrades, and creates an interconnection system pushing data centers to offset grid impact with new generation and storage under labor standards. (2026-01-15 — Sen. Van Hollen press release)

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Roger F. Wicker (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Accelerate — Has celebrated Amazon's $10 billion hyperscale data-center project in Madison County as a historic investment, with no located statement on its power or ratepayer impact. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Statement on the groundbreaking of Amazon Web Services' $10 billion, two-campus hyperscale data-center project in Madison County, calling it "a historic investment in our state" and pledging to keep Mississippi attractive to business. (2024-05-20 — Sen. Wicker press release)

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B Cindy Hyde-Smith (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Pressed FERC commissioners at oversight to make large loads such as data centers pay upfront so residential rates do not rise. — Sen. Hyde-Smith — FERC commissioners examine affordability as data centers proliferate (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — At a FERC oversight hearing, pressed commissioners on mechanisms to make large-load customers such as data centers pay upfront so residential rates do not rise. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action At the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee's FERC oversight hearing, said Mississippi "continues to be at the forefront of safeguarding ratepayers by ensuring companies, like data centers, pay their fair share for large loads," and asked commissioners what mechanisms FERC is implementing for large-load customers to make upfront payments and minimum financial commitments to keep rates from rising. (2026-07-23 — Sen. Hyde-Smith press release)

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A Josh Hawley (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Co-introduced the GRID Act to stop data centers from raising Americans' electricity costs. — Sens. Hawley & Blumenthal — GRID Act to stop data centers raising electric bills (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Introduced the bipartisan GRID Act to require data centers to use power sources separate from the grid and disclose usage, demanded answers from Ameren on data-center deals and rate increases, and asked EIA with Sen. Warren for mandatory data-center energy reporting. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced the Guaranteeing Rate Insulation from Data Centers (GRID) Act with Sen. Blumenthal, requiring data centers to obtain power from sources separate from the grid (10-year transition for existing facilities), giving consumers grid priority, and requiring public disclosure of electricity use; said "American families should not have to shoulder the burden of rising electricity costs produced by data centers." (2026-02-11 — Sen. Hawley press release)
• Action Sent a letter to Ameren CEO Martin Lyons asking whether Ameren analyzed how discounted data-center contracts will affect residential prices and whether it prioritized household rate stability, saying Missourians "should not be forced to subsidize corporate projects while struggling to keep their lights on." (2025-10-15 — Sen. Hawley press release)
• Statement After Missouri Senate President Pro Tem Cindy O'Laughlin called his data-center concerns misleading, said she "told me to stop asking questions about data centers and higher electricity rates. Not a chance." (2025-10-17 — Sen. Hawley press release)
• Action With Sen. Warren, wrote EIA Administrator Tristan Abbey asking for a mandatory annual reporting requirement for data centers and other large loads covering hourly/annual/peak consumption, rates paid, upfront payments, demand response, and how transmission upgrade costs are allocated; response requested by April 9, 2026. (2026-03-26 — Sen. Warren press release)
• Statement Told Missourinet "I think we ought to say in the law that the data centers have to pay for their own electricity, the data centers have to pay for their own water supply," and that he does not want bills rising because "some corporation came in and sucked up all the power." (2026-02-27 — Missourinet)
• Statement Told St. Louis Public Radio, on introducing the GRID Act, that tech companies "can absolutely afford to pay for their own electricity, and they should," and that residents cannot know a project's effect on them "if they don't know exactly what the drawdown on power is going to be." (2026-02-11 — St. Louis Public Radio)

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Eric Schmitt (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2028

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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Steve Daines (Republican) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Accelerate — Announced a 50 MW hydro-powered data center on CSKT land in 2022 and has framed reliable power for data centers as the backbone of prosperity, with no located position on cost allocation or community safeguards. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Chairing a Senate Foreign Relations subcommittee hearing on European energy reform, said "whether it be for data centers, manufacturing, or defense production, reliable power is the backbone of our future prosperity." (2026-02-04 — Sen. Daines press release)
• Statement Announced at his Montana 'On the Rise' Economic Summit a Bitzero investment to build a 50 MW data center powered by Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes hydropower, saying it would "support good-paying jobs in Montana" and keep the state "at the forefront of the energy and technology sector." (2022-06-02 — Sen. Daines press release)

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Tim Sheehy (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · 202-224-2644

Deb Fischer (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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Pete Ricketts (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Mixed — Says data-center decisions should be governed by local control and that communities should negotiate protections for power rates, water, and tax payments before approving projects. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement At the Nebraska State Fair U.S. Senate debate said "when it comes to data centers, local control is the name of the game," that communities "should negotiate first" and are "in the driver's seat," and should insist "you shouldn't impact my power rates. You should conserve water - closed-loop systems," then ask for more in property taxes. (2026-09-01 — Nebraska Public Media)

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Catherine Cortez Masto (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Guardrails — Requested FY2027 earmark funding for a Desert Research Institute tool to help Nevadans weigh the water, energy and community trade-offs of rapid data-center growth. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Submitted a $1,570,000 FY2027 community project request for the Desert Research Institute's Computing Infrastructure Evaluation Tool, "a cost-benefit framework to help Nevadans weigh trade-offs of rapid data center growth, considering water and energy resources, economic stability, and community well-being," plus $2,107,000 for a UNLV Energy Platform for Data Centers research project. (2026 — Sen. Cortez Masto FY2027 community project requests)

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Jacky Rosen (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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B Jeanne Shaheen (Democratic) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Signed the New England senators' letter asking ISO New England how it will protect residential ratepayers from data-center-driven price increases. — Sen. Shaheen joins letter to ISO New England on data-center energy costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Signed a New England senators' letter asking ISO New England how it will protect residential ratepayers from data-center-driven price increases, saying tech companies rather than families should pay for their load. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Signed, with Sens. Welch, Blumenthal, Reed, Markey, and Whitehouse, a letter to ISO New England CEO Vamsi Chadalavada requesting the strategies ISO-NE plans to protect residential ratepayers from data-center-driven price increases, arguing that the AI industry, not families, should bear those costs. (2026-01-23 — Sen. Shaheen press release)

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Margaret Wood Hassan (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2028

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · contact · 202-224-3324

A Cory A. Booker (Democratic) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Cosponsored the Power for the People Act, making data-center operators pay the grid costs they create. — Sen. Welch joins bill so Americans aren't footing big data-center costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Beyond cosponsoring the Power for the People Act, Booker signed a March 2026 letter asking state utility regulators to reject rate filings that make ratepayers subsidize data centers and co-led a May 2025 letter pressing PJM on the data-center-driven capacity price increase. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Signed a letter with Sens. Markey, Blumenthal and Van Hollen to NARUC president Ann Rendahl urging state public utility commissions to reject rate filings that force residential and small-business ratepayers to subsidize AI data centers and to adopt protective policies coordinated with utilities, grid operators and federal regulators. (2026-03-06 — Sen. Markey press release)
• Action Co-led, with Sen. Andy Kim and seven NJ House members, a letter to PJM Interconnection ahead of a ~17% June 2025 rate increase; the letter says the 2024 capacity auction results "reflect the growing demand on the grid from data centers and advanced computer technology" and asks PJM what it is doing to lower rates, speed interconnection and prevent future price spikes. (2025-05-02 — Sen. Kim press release)

2026 campaign record Guardrails — Original cosponsor of the Power for the People Act, the Senate's main data-center cost-allocation bill. Record read 2026-08-25.

• Cosponsored the Power for the People Act (Van Hollen, introduced Jan 15 2026): new data-center rate classes, a FERC rule making data centers pay for local transmission upgrades, interconnection incentives to bring their own generation and storage, and prevailing-wage standards. (2026-01-15 — source)

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B Andy Kim (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Co-led the NJ delegation's letter pressing PJM on the data-center-driven capacity price increase behind a ~17% rate rise. — Sens. Kim & Booker lead NJ delegation letter to PJM on rate increase (2025)

Documented record Mixed — Co-led a 2025 delegation letter pressing PJM on the data-center-driven rate increase, and separately introduced a bill encouraging co-location of AI data centers with advanced nuclear reactors on military installations. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Co-led, with Sen. Booker and seven NJ House members, a letter to PJM Interconnection ahead of a ~17% June 2025 rate increase; the letter attributes the 2024 capacity auction results to "the growing demand on the grid from data centers and advanced computer technology" and asks PJM what it is doing to lower rates, speed interconnection and prevent future price spikes. (2025-05-02 — Sen. Kim press release)
• Action Introduced with Sen. Tim Sheehy the Advanced Reactor Modernization for Operational Resilience (ARMOR) Act of 2025, which authorizes up to 50-year military contracts for power from advanced nuclear reactors and, per the release, encourages "the co-location of AI infrastructure and data centers" at those installations. (2025-07-23 — Sen. Kim press release)

Reach them: site · 202-224-4744

A Martin Heinrich (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Introduced the GRID Savings Act (2026) — large electricity users pay for grid infrastructure; opposes moratoriums as a race to the bottom. — Sen. Heinrich (ENR Ranking Member) — GRID Savings Act, large users pay for the grid (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Beyond the GRID Savings Act already on file, Heinrich co-signed a bipartisan letter backing FERC rulemaking on large-load interconnection, said at a March 2026 hearing that data centers must bear their own connection costs, and told Latitude Media that developers show "a healthy dose of arrogance" toward host communities. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action With Sen. Mike Lee, sent a bipartisan letter urging FERC to take up DOE's Section 403 proposal for a rulemaking on large-load interconnection; Heinrich called it "a step in the right direction" and said the rule should "ensure that households aren't left covering the increased demand from large new energy users." (2025-11-21 — Sen. Heinrich press release)
• Statement At a Senate Energy and Natural Resources hearing on the power grid, said "new large loads, especially data centers, must bear the costs associated with them coming online" rather than shifting them to other ratepayers, and that 1% demand flexibility from large loads could unlock 126 GW of capacity. (2026-03-26 — Sen. Heinrich press release)
• Statement In a Latitude Media interview reposted by his office, said data-center developers should follow SunZia's community-first approach, that "there's a healthy dose of arrogance in some of these" proposals, and that a developer should be able to tell a community "we're actually going to be able to lower your electricity bills." (2026-06-23 — Latitude Media (via Sen. Heinrich site))
• Action At a July 2025 ENR hearing on electricity demand growth, questioned Vantage Data Centers EVP Jeff Tench about how Interior Department reviews delaying wind and solar on federal land affect data-center business and grid reliability. (2025-07-24 — Sen. Heinrich press release)

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Ben Ray Luján (Democratic) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Guardrails — Introduced a bipartisan bill creating a 30% tax credit for onsite water-recycling systems at industrial facilities, explicitly including data centers. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced with Sen. Katie Britt the Advancing Water Reuse Act, a 30% investment tax credit for onsite water recycling systems at "manufacturing, food processing, and other industrial entities, including data center facilities," to replace freshwater/groundwater draws with recycled water. (2026-05-13 — Sen. Luján press release)

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Charles E. Schumer (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Guardrails — Said Senate Democrats would push to make data centers "pay their fair share" and use more clean energy if they regain the majority. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Told reporters that data centers should "pay their fair share and use more clean energy" and that Democrats would pursue data-center reform if they retake the Senate, adding "We know how important they are, and we've heard the message loud and clear." (2026-07-14 — Bloomberg Government)

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Kirsten E. Gillibrand (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Guardrails — Backed Gov. Hochul's one-year hyperscale data-center pause and says communities need guarantees on bills, water and air, while declining to take a position on the Stream project in Alabama, NY. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Issued a statement supporting Gov. Hochul's executive order pausing hyperscale data-center construction for one year, saying New Yorkers need "ironclad guarantees that their energy bills won't spike, their water will be protected, and their air will remain clean." (2026-07-14 — Sen. Gillibrand press release)
• Statement Asked about the proposed $19.5B STREAM data center at the STAMP site in Alabama, NY, said "People are worried about higher energy costs. They're worried about emissions. They're worried about polluting water," that communities should decide, and that developers should use closed-loop cooling and renewables rather than ratepayer-funded grid upgrades, while saying she lacked enough information to take a position on the project. (2026-06-25 — The Daily News (Batavia, NY))

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Thom Tillis (Republican) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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Ted Budd (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Accelerate — Calls for permitting reform and more power generation to meet data-center demand, says siting decisions belong at the local level, and was skeptical of a data-center moratorium. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement At a Washington Post Live event said the U.S. needs to add about 85 gigawatts a year to keep pace with demand and "that goes back to permitting reform," that "power is good" and the country needs more energy, that data-center construction decisions should be made "at a local level," and was skeptical of Sen. Sanders' moratorium proposal while saying he would need to read the text. (2026-02-25 — Nextgov/FCW)

Reach them: site · contact · 202-224-3154

John Hoeven (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Accelerate — Has promoted data centers as North Dakota's third wave of economic growth after agriculture and energy, with no located position on ratepayer cost allocation. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Letter read at Applied Digital's Ellendale data-center energizing ceremony saying "technology is serving as the third wave of our state's economic growth following expansion in agriculture and energy" and that the facility provides infrastructure and computing capacity across industries. (2023-06-16 — Jamestown Sun)
• Statement Spoke at the groundbreaking of Midco's $12 million Tier III data center in Fargo, calling fast, secure data services vital across energy, health care, and other sectors and the facility important infrastructure for attracting national companies. (2017-08-15 — Sen. Hoeven press release)

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Kevin Cramer (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Accelerate — Has welcomed Applied Digital's North Dakota data-center buildout as having a bright future given the state's abundant energy, with no located position on ratepayer cost allocation. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Letter read by his constituent-services representative at Applied Digital's Ellendale data-center energizing ceremony, saying that with North Dakota's "wide open spaces, abundant energy and ideal climate, there is a bright future for additional development within our state." (2023-06-16 — Jamestown Sun)

Reach them: site · contact · 202-224-2043

Bernie Moreno (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Guardrails — Publicly demanded that Carlyle-owned Ark Data Centers return a $4.5M Ohio subsidy and sign the Ratepayer Protection Pledge, and announced a plan for a federal tax clawing back 100% of state and local data-center incentives. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Issued a release urging Carlyle Group to relinquish a $4.5M Ohio subsidy for Ark Data Centers' Akron/Independence expansion (10 jobs), sign the Ratepayer Protection Pledge and commit to more jobs, saying "When corporations like Carlyle demand massive amounts of electricity to fund their projects, it's everyday Ohioans who get stuck with the bill." (2026-03-16 — Sen. Moreno press release)
• Statement At the Ohio Energy Affordability Summit announced he will introduce legislation imposing a federal tax equal to 100% of any state or local tax incentive given to a data center, saying "I don't want a single taxpayer dollar going to support these data centers." (2026-09-03 — CPA Practice Advisor)

Reach them: site · 202-224-2315

A Jon Husted (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Leads a Senate bill to protect Americans from footing the bill for new data centers. — Sen. Husted leads bill to protect Americans from new data-center costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Beyond the Ratepayer Protection Act on file, Husted attended the March 2026 White House roundtable where hyperscalers signed the Ratepayer Protection Pledge, and says data-center siting is a local decision. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Attended a White House roundtable with President Trump, Energy Secretary Wright and tech executives at which Amazon, Google, Meta and Microsoft committed to the Ratepayer Protection Pledge to fund their own data-center power; Husted said "Requiring companies to fund their own power protects working people from higher bills." (2026-03-04 — Sen. Husted press release)
• Statement Told Spectrum News "What we're requiring the data centers to do is to produce their own power so that the local ratepayers don't have to foot the bill," and that data-center siting decisions "should be made by local residents and local communities, not the federal government." (2026-07-28 — Spectrum News 1 Ohio)

2026 campaign record Mixed — Frames AI buildout as a national-security necessity, and introduced a bill directing states to make 100 MW+ loads cover their own infrastructure costs. Record read 2026-08-25.

• Introduced the Ratepayer Protection Act: standards for states and PUCs connecting 100 MW+ loads, requiring large-load customers to recover full incremental upgrade costs and post financial assurances so utilities cannot shift them to households. “We must do that without passing the costs on to working families and small businesses.” (2026-07-20 — source)
• Bill introduced the day after Brown's first attack ad aired; reported to have taken roughly $69,750 from tech and energy PACs and employees including Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Oracle, AEP, Duke Energy and Vistra. (2026-08-21 — source)

Reach them: site · 202-224-3353

James Lankford (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

Reach them: site · contact · 202-224-5754

Alan Armstrong (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Accelerate — Frames data centers as a reason to pass his permitting-reform bill, saying they will not invest without reliable, competitively priced energy. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Promoting his American Energy and Mineral Infrastructure Act, said "A manufacturer, a data center, an industrial facility will not commit billions of dollars to a region if it cannot obtain reliable energy at a competitive price." (2026-07-16 — Oklahoma Energy Today)

Reach them: site · 202-224-4721

A Ron Wyden (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented action: Demanded answers from Google, Apple, Meta and Amazon on data-center water use in Oregon, and proposed stripping data centers of federal investment incentives plus a new excise tax. — Sen. Wyden demands Big Tech execs answer on data-center water impact (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Pressed Google, Apple, Meta and Amazon on data-center water use, co-signed a letter to Oregon's data center advisory committee, and as Finance ranking member released a white paper proposing to strip data centers of federal investment incentives and levy a new excise tax. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Sent letters to the CEOs of Google, Apple, Meta and Amazon demanding answers on data-center water impacts in drought-prone Oregon (over 100 data centers), asking about closed-loop cooling, groundwater withdrawal, contaminant mitigation, public water tracking and community transparency, with a May 29 response deadline. (2026-04-30 — Sen. Wyden press release)
• Action Co-signed with Sen. Merkley a letter to Gov. Kotek's Oregon Data Center Advisory Committee raising energy demand, consumer electricity costs, water, noise, farmland rezoning, tribal consultation and transparency. (2026-07-02 — Sen. Merkley press release)
• Action As Finance Committee ranking member released a white paper proposing to remove existing tax investment incentives as applied to data centers and create a Data Center Public Investment excise tax, with revenue for workers displaced by AI; said communities "are rightfully questioning whether the rapid buildout of data centers across the nation will benefit them, as local disruptions rise." (2026-08-06 — Senate Finance Committee (Ranking Member) release)

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B Jeff Merkley (Democratic) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: With Wyden, wrote Oregon's data center advisory committee listing constituent concerns on energy demand, consumer costs, water, noise and farmland. — Sens. Wyden & Merkley ask Oregon data center advisory committee to weigh Oregonians' concerns (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — With Sen. Wyden, wrote Gov. Kotek's data center advisory committee listing constituent concerns about energy demand, consumer electricity costs, water, noise, farmland rezoning and tribal consultation. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Co-signed with Sen. Wyden a letter to Gov. Tina Kotek's Oregon Data Center Advisory Committee asking it to consider rising energy demand, increased electricity costs for consumers, water quantity and quality, steam and noise from cooling, rezoning of agricultural land, tribal treaty consultation, and public transparency on environmental and infrastructure impacts. (2026-07-02 — Sen. Merkley press release)

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D John Fetterman (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented action: Blasted a proposed data-center moratorium as 'China First,' opposing the pause approach. — Sen. Fetterman calls a data-center moratorium 'China First' (2026)

Documented record Accelerate — Beyond the 'China First' remark on file, Fetterman posted that he rejects "political pandering and hyperbole over data centers" and said he agrees with President Trump's defense of data centers. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Posted on X, as quoted by TribLive: "AI supremacy and energy dominance underpins our national security" and "I reject the political pandering and hyperbole over data centers," adding "America must lead in the development of AI, otherwise we live under China's rules." (2026-08-24 — TribLive)
• Statement Posted on X, as quoted by the Philadelphia Inquirer, that he agreed with President Trump's defense of data centers: "There's nothing more damaging to a Democrat than agreeing with Trump AND data centers — but what's right is right," and "We must win the war for AI supremacy over China." (2026-08-31 — Philadelphia Inquirer)

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David McCormick (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Mixed — Convened the 2025 Pittsburgh Energy and Innovation Summit that announced $90B+ in data-center and energy investment, and in 2026 laid out an "AI covenant" that includes rate protection, closed-loop water and local decision-making. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Hosted the Pennsylvania Energy and Innovation Summit with President Trump, where companies announced more than $90 billion in data-center, energy and workforce investments (CoreWeave $6B Lancaster, Blackstone $25B NE PA, ECP $5B York); the fact sheet mentions no ratepayer or community safeguards. (2025-07-15 — Sen. McCormick press release)
• Statement In a City & State Q&A reposted by his office, described an "AI covenant" for data centers: "You need to protect rates for the people in the community... give them rate protection or bring more energy than you use," "You need to protect the water... via a closed loop," and "The ultimate decision-making power is going to reside with the communities – township supervisors, county commissioners and the people." (2026-07-28 — City & State PA (via Sen. McCormick site))

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B Jack Reed (Democratic) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Co-led the New England senators' letter asking ISO New England how it will shield residential ratepayers from data-center-driven price increases. — Sens. Reed & Whitehouse seek answers on how regional data centers could drive up costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Co-led a New England senators' letter asking ISO New England how it will shield residential ratepayers from data-center-driven price increases. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action With Sen. Whitehouse, Sen. Welch and three other New England senators, wrote ISO New England CEO Vamsi Chadalavada asking what strategies the grid operator will use to protect residential customers from data-center-driven price increases; Reed said "We believe it is necessary to require tech companies, not American families, to foot the bill for their load." (2026-01-28 — Sen. Reed press release)

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A Sheldon Whitehouse (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Co-led the New England senators' letter to ISO New England on data-center-driven rate increases; earlier urged the White House not to fast-track data centers past clean-air, water and cost protections. — Sens. Reed & Whitehouse seek answers on how regional data centers could drive up costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Co-led the January 2026 ISO New England letter on data-center-driven rate increases and in December 2024 urged the White House not to fast-track data-center buildout at the expense of clean-air, clean-water and household-cost protections. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action With Sen. Reed and four other New England senators, wrote ISO New England asking how it will shield residential ratepayers from data-center-driven price increases; said "As the ones who stand to benefit most, the multi-billion-dollar AI industry should be responsible for these costs." (2026-01-29 — Sen. Whitehouse press release)
• Action Led a letter with Sens. Schatz, Welch, Markey and Warren urging the Biden White House to reconsider a proposed executive order fast-tracking AI data-center construction, asking it to keep clean air and water standards and not prioritize tech companies' energy needs over households; said large companies "should not" be relieved of bringing new clean energy "while passing higher energy costs on to working families." (2024-12-17 — Sen. Whitehouse press release)

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Tim Scott (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Mixed — In a July 2026 op-ed welcomed Google's Lowcountry data centers while insisting families and small businesses should not pay higher electric bills for them, praising the Ratepayer Protection Pledge. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Authored a Post and Courier commentary saying data centers are vital to competitiveness and national security, that "Hardworking families and small businesses should not have higher electric bills because of the energy demands of massive global corporations," and praising Google's commitment to the Ratepayer Protection Pledge to secure 100% of its added energy needs without passing costs to ratepayers. (2026-07-23 — The Post and Courier (op-ed by Sen. Scott))

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Darline Graham (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Mixed — Says she supports data centers but that there must be community involvement, guidelines and guardrails. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement In the South Carolina GOP Senate debate said: "Obviously, I just said I'm for data centers, but I also said that there needs to be community involvement, community guidelines, community guardrails." (2026-08-18 — NBC News)

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John Thune (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Mixed — Says data centers should be self-sufficient in power and should not be built where there is no local support, while pushing permitting reform to meet data-center-driven demand. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Told KELOLAND that data centers 'need to be self-sufficient. They ought to be able to take care of their own utilities, their own power, and that ought to be a given any place they go in the country. But they shouldn't be going places where there isn't support for them at the local level.' (2026-08-31 — Talking Points Memo (quoting KELOLAND interview))
• Statement In an August 2026 South Dakota appearance, Thune called energy permitting reform a rare bipartisan opportunity, citing utilities' rapidly growing demand 'including that associated with data centers'; he framed faster permitting as the way to add generation and transmission. (2026-08-20 — KOTA Territory TV / South Dakota Searchlight)
• Statement Floor remarks 'Energy Security is National Security' warned that 'the boom in data center construction – in particular to power the rise of artificial intelligence – is placing, and will place, vast new demands upon the grid,' arguing for more conventional energy supply. (2025-02-25 — Senate Majority Leader Thune floor remarks)

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Mike Rounds (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Mixed — Told KOTA that data centers should go only where local residents actively welcome them, and predicted most new data centers will eventually be built in space. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement In a KOTA Territory TV interview on Rapid City data-center backlash and a proposed EPA permit change, Rounds said data centers must go only where they are actively welcomed by local populations and must remain grounded in extensive discussion with local residents; he added that long-term most new data centers will probably be based in space. (2026-09-05 — KOTA Territory TV)

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B Marsha Blackburn (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Released the TRUMP AMERICA AI Act discussion draft, which would make data-center operators responsible for the full cost of energy and water infrastructure with no impact on ratepayers. — Sen. Blackburn unveils TRUMP AMERICA AI Act national policy framework (2025)

Documented record Mixed — Her TRUMP AMERICA AI Act framework would make data-center operators bear the full cost of energy and water infrastructure with no impact on ratepayers, and she publicly asked DC Blox to revisit a data-center site next to the Nashville Zoo while backing data centers generally. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Unveiled the TRUMP AMERICA AI Act national AI framework, which 'requires data center operators to be responsible for the full cost of all energy and water infrastructure needed for their operation, including construction, maintenance, and upgrades with no impact on ratepayers.' (2025-12-19 — Sen. Blackburn press release)
• Action Released a discussion draft of the TRUMP AMERICA AI Act that 'directs the U.S. Secretary of Energy to enter into agreements with owners and operators of data centers to protect consumers from rate increases and adverse impacts of data center development'; entities that decline become ineligible for federal incentives the Secretary identifies. (2026-03-18 — Sen. Blackburn press release)
• Statement Posted a video questioning the location of DC Blox's proposed data center next to the Nashville Zoo and calling on the developer to 'revisit this placement,' while making clear she supports data centers more broadly. (2026-06-15 — Nashville Banner)

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Bill Hagerty (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Guardrails — Said in Knoxville that data centers will have to invest in grid capacity themselves so consumers are not bearing the burden, responding to East Tennessee moratoriums. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement During a Knoxville visit, asked about East Tennessee local governments' 12-month data-center moratoriums, Hagerty said 'we made it very clear to the data centers that they're going to have to make the investment, not only in our capacity but in our grid,' and that tech companies must ensure consumers are not 'bearing the burden' of the facilities. (2026-08-11 — WBIR (via Yahoo News))

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John Cornyn (Republican) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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Ted Cruz (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Mixed — Toured and applauded the Oracle/OpenAI Stargate data center in Abilene, and later said data-center concerns are 'real and reasonable' and that developers should pay affected residents' electric bills. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Press release after touring Oracle and OpenAI's Stargate AI data center in Abilene: 'Texas is leading the way to make sure the United States beats China in the AI race. This is the beginning of a long-term effort to invest in American jobs, supply the additional power needed for AI, and deliver products and services that will benefit all Americans.' (2025-09-24 — Sen. Cruz press release)
• Statement On NewsNation's 'Katie Pavlich Tonight', Cruz said 'the concerns being raised about data centers are real and reasonable' and suggested developers offer residents direct payments or tell them 'your electricity bill is zero for the rest of your life. We will pay your electric bill—forever.' (2026-08-25 — NewsNation (via Yahoo News))

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B Mike Lee (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented action: As Energy Committee chair, backed FERC's Large Load Order at oversight and agreed existing ratepayers should not subsidize data centers; says data-center legislation is not currently a priority. — APPA — Senate ENR Committee holds FERC oversight hearing (2026)

Documented record Mixed — As Energy Committee chair he held a 2025 hearing on data-center-driven demand, said in 2026 that existing ratepayers should not subsidize data centers and backed FERC's large-load order, but said data-center legislation is not currently a priority. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Chaired a Senate Energy and Natural Resources hearing on surging electricity demand, saying 'America's electricity demand is surging. We're entering a new era driven by data centers, AI computing, electric vehicles, and manufacturing returning home.' (2025-07-23 — Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee release)
• Statement Told E&E News he had no immediate plans to take up data-center legislation: 'I don't currently have that identified as a priority,' while saying he was 'happy to look at' the Ratepayer Protection Act. (2026-06 — E&E News)
• Statement At the committee's FERC oversight hearing, Lee said he supported FERC's Large Load Order, called it 'not a one-size-fits-all solution,' and agreed that 'existing ratepayers should not subsidize the cost of data centers.' (2026-07-22 — American Public Power Association)

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John R. Curtis (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Mixed — After the Stratos data-center controversy in Utah, Curtis said data-center siting is a local issue but that he wants to work on federal transparency standards for data-center energy and water metrics. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Told Roll Call, on the Utah data-center uproar, 'I have almost no data on the water usage. I've heard it's closed-loop, but I don't know that,' called siting 'a local issue,' and said he was open to a congressional certification system for AI facilities similar to LEED building standards. (2026-06-11 — Roll Call)
• Statement Told Utah News Dispatch, citing distrust after the Stratos project's quick approval through the Military Installation Development Authority, that 'we do have some real uncertainty about these data centers. What's behind the meter? What's not?' and that 'something that I want to work on at the federal level is bringing some reliable, predictable measuring techniques' so the public has standard metrics; he said the industry had 'failed' at explaining why the facilities are needed. (2026-07-07 — Utah News Dispatch (via Daily Herald))

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A Bernard Sanders (Independent) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented action: Introduced the AI Data Center Moratorium Act (S. 4214) with Rep. Ocasio-Cortez: no new or expanded AI data centers until federal safeguards, including against higher utility costs, are in place. — Sens. Sanders & Rep. Ocasio-Cortez announce AI Data Center Moratorium Act (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — Introduced the AI Data Center Moratorium Act (S.4214) with Rep. Ocasio-Cortez to halt new AI data centers until federal safeguards, including against higher utility costs and community harm, are in place. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Announced the Artificial Intelligence Data Center Moratorium Act of 2026 with Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: a federal moratorium on new or expanded AI data centers until Congress enacts safeguards ensuring AI does not increase 'electricity or utility prices, harm communities or destroy the environment'; introduced as S.4214. (2026-03-25 — Sen. Sanders press release)

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A Peter Welch (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented action: Joined a bill to ensure Americans aren't footing the bill for big data centers. — Sen. Welch joins bill so Americans aren't footing big data-center costs (2026)

Documented record Guardrails — ADDITIONAL: co-signed a January 2026 letter to ISO New England asking how it will shield residential customers from data-center-driven cost increases and saying the AI industry should bear those costs. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Signed, with Sens. Markey, Shaheen, Blumenthal, Reed and Whitehouse, a letter to ISO New England CEO Vamsi Chadalavada asking how the grid operator will protect residential ratepayers from data-center-driven price increases, stating 'the multi-billion-dollar AI industry should be responsible for these costs.' (2026-01-28 — Sen. Markey press release)

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A Mark R. Warner (Democratic) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented action: Sponsored legislation so Virginians aren't stuck footing data-center utility costs, plus an energy/water disclosure bill. — Sen. Warner — bill so Virginians aren't stuck footing big data-center costs (2026)

Documented record Mixed — ADDITIONAL: in July 2026 rolled out the Data Center Tax Accountability and Disclosure Act, which requires large AI data centers to disclose energy, water, emissions and backup-generation data and conditions bonus depreciation on efficiency standards; in April 2026 he called a moratorium 'idiocy'. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Rolled out an AI legislative agenda including the Data Center Tax Accountability and Disclosure Act, which requires large AI data centers to publicly disclose energy and water consumption, emissions, backup generation and other operational impacts, conditions federal bonus depreciation on meeting efficiency and sustainability standards, and dedicates the resulting revenue to a National Workforce Transition Fund. (2026-07-21 — Sen. Warner press release)
• Statement Dismissed the proposed data-center moratorium as 'idiocy' at an Axios event, per E&E News. (2026-04-22 — E&E News)

2026 campaign record Guardrails — Sponsored the Power for the People Act to stop households subsidising data centers: separate rate classes for data centers, FERC-enforced payment for the local transmission upgrades they trigger, and better load forecasting. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Introduced the Power for the People Act with eight Democratic cosponsors (Van Hollen, Durbin, Blumenthal, Booker, Duckworth, Smith, Welch, Alsobrooks). It would create new utility rate classes for data centers, direct FERC to make data centers pay for the local transmission upgrades they require, tie interconnection to clean energy and prevailing-wage incentives, and improve demand forecasting. Warner: “If corporations are going to run data centers in Virginia, they should cover the cost of them.” (2026-06-02 — source)

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Tim Kaine (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Mixed — Opposes a statewide data-center moratorium and points to Virginia's energy-consumption tax as the way to make data centers pay their full electricity costs. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Told E&E News he opposes a data-center moratorium: 'I think a moratorium would send the message to other nations, "Hey, the U.S. is giving up leadership in this space," and I don't want to send that message.' (2026-04-22 — E&E News)

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Patty Murray (Democratic) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

No documented statement or action on data centers located. Not scored — see how this page treats silence.

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Maria Cantwell (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Accelerate — Dismissed environmental groups' call for a data-center moratorium, saying they should instead push an all-of-the-above energy plan that builds renewables to meet demand. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Asked about environmental groups' call for a data-center moratorium, Cantwell said advocates 'should call for an above-all energy plan that allows for the construction of renewables to play into that demand for the future,' adding 'we're growing, so we need more energy sources.' (2025-12-10 — E&E News)

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Shelley Moore Capito (Republican) · senior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Mixed — Actively recruits data centers to West Virginia ('we want them') while saying operators must engage communities early and be transparent about local effects. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement On efforts to bring a data center to Logan County, said 'We want them in West Virginia. They are massive investments, billions of dollars,' and 'The appetite for power is going to be so huge. Everyone's going to win here.' (2024-12-12 — West Virginia Public Broadcasting)
• Statement Said data-center companies must have early and strong community engagement and that 'transparency about the process and the effects on local residents could go a long way'; said proposed projects plan to build their own power, which 'could actually maybe improve the situation because there will be excess power probably created,' and that water drawn from the Ohio would be replenished and cleaned. (2026-04-24 — Fox 8 (reposted on capito.senate.gov))

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James C. Justice (Republican) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Mixed — Touts data-center investment in Mason County and tells companies coming to West Virginia they must 'take care of everybody' on electricity bills, water, noise and the environment. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Press release applauding American Power and Intelligence Corporation's multi-billion-dollar data center and microgrid campus in Mason County, a project he first announced with Fidelis New Energy as governor in 2023: 'I truly could not be prouder to see the seeds of our work from years ago begin to bloom.' (2026-01-28 — Sen. Justice press release)
• Statement At the West Virginia Chamber of Commerce annual meeting, urged attendees not to fear data centers but said companies must be responsible neighbors: 'If you're going to come to West Virginia and you're going to do something in West Virginia, you need to be taking care of everybody. The environment, the water, the electricity bills, the noise. You've got to take care of everybody, and there's a way to do it.' (2026-09-03 — Parkersburg News and Sentinel)

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Ron Johnson (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2028

Documented record Mixed — Called data centers' impact on Wisconsin's electric grid a 'very serious concern' and questioned whether local officials had factored it in properly. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Told Wisconsin Watch that data centers' impact on the state's electrical grid is a 'very serious concern,' adding he is unsure local officials have 'really factored it in properly.' (2026-01-22 — Wisconsin Watch)

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Tammy Baldwin (Democratic) · junior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Guardrails — Says data-center developers must commit to local communities that residents will not shoulder the energy and water costs, and that any moratorium is for the state Legislature to consider. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Told Wisconsin Watch: 'The developers of these need to have commitments to the local community that they won't see, that they won't have to shoulder the costs of the energy use and water use by these data centers,' and said any data-center moratorium should first be considered by the state Legislature. (2026-01-22 — Wisconsin Watch)

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John Barrasso (Republican) · senior senator · next on the ballot 2030

Documented record Mixed — Backs faster data-center construction powered by coal and other Wyoming energy, while saying data centers on federal land deserve meaningful state, local and public input. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Statement Senate floor speech praising the Trump AI Action Plan because 'it tears down barriers to building new data centers,' arguing that data centers need steady, reliable power and that more American energy means data centers grow in America rather than overseas. (2025-07-30 — Sen. Barrasso floor speech)
• Statement On a proposal to site data centers on public lands, told Cowboy State Daily: 'Development of federal land, including the construction of new data centers, deserves meaningful input from state and local governments and the public. The people of Wyoming expect to have their voices heard.' (2026-08-24 — Cowboy State Daily)

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Cynthia M. Lummis (Republican) · junior senator · on the 2026 ballot

Documented record Accelerate — Introduced the POWER Up Act giving FERC jurisdiction over interconnection of 100 MW-plus loads such as data centers to the interstate grid while preserving state authority over siting and retail rates, and wrote that Wyoming baseload energy should power America's AI. Record read 2026-09-05.

• Action Introduced the POWER Up Act, which amends the Federal Power Act to clarify FERC jurisdiction over the interconnection of large-load facilities (projected peak demand of 100 MW or more) to interstate transmission, requires FERC to issue standardized interconnection procedures within 18 months, and explicitly preserves state and local jurisdiction over siting, permitting, construction, retail rates, local distribution and generation. Lummis: 'When a facility wants to draw as much power as a city, that is not an ordinary retail question. It is a grid question.' (2026-06-17 — Sen. Lummis press release)
• Statement Op-ed in Cowboy State Daily arguing Wyoming baseload energy should power U.S. AI data centers ('If we don't power America's AI with Wyoming energy, China will build their AI dominance on their coal instead'), citing 100 MW-plus AI training clusters; it does not address ratepayer or community impacts. (2025-09-23 — Sen. Lummis press release (op-ed reprint))

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